WorksheetsChapter 4 Nail Structure
Total questions: 63
Worksheet time: 32mins
Why must the hyponychium be treated gently?
A damaged hyponychium would mean that any nail service would have to start over.
If the hyponychium is damaged, it would cause the rest of the nail service products to work incorrectly.
A damaged hyponychium would need immediate medical assistance.
If the hyponychium is damaged, an infection under the nail plate is possible.
What are the characteristics of a normal, healthy nail?
Soft and flexible
Firm and rigid
Firm and flexible
Soft with ridges
How would you recommend a person make his or her nail plate grow thicker?
Regular manicures can make the nail plate grow thicker
Nothing can make the nail grow thicker
A healthy diet and exercise can help the nail plate grow thicker
Pregnancy typically helps the nail grow thicker
Which type of disorder is associated with whitish spots of discoloration of the nails and is usually caused by minor injury to the nail matrix?
Hangnails
Infected finger
Leukonychia
Melanonychia
What color is NOT normal for a healthy nails?
Whitish
Reddish
Pinkish
Beige
The __________________ is the part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe
Trumpet nail
Free edge
Plicatured nail
Natural nail
Which type of disorder is associated with damaged skin around the nail plate that becomes split or torn?
Hangnails
Infected finger
Leukonychia
Melanonychia
The natural nail unit is which part of the nail?
The tip o the first knuckle
The tip to the second knuckle
The whole finger
The nail itself
The ___________________ is the hard protective plate that protects the tips of the fingers or toes
Nail plate
Nail cuticle
Matrix
Natural nail
How would you compare fingernail and toenail growth and the matrix?
As toenails get longer, the matrix gets longer and then thicker.
As fingernails get longer, the matrix gets longer and then thicker.
Fingernails are thicker than toenails because the fingernail matrix is longer.
Toenails are thicker than fingernails because the toenail matrix is longer.
Which of the following diseases is associated with bacterial inflammation of the tissues around the nail plate, causing pus, swelling, and redness?
Onycholysis
Paraonychia
Tinea pedis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Which nail grows the fastest?
Thumb
Index
Middle
Ring
What is the visible part of the matrix that extends from underneath the living skin?
Sidewall
Nail plate
Free edge
Lunula
Which of the following disorders is associated with a noticeably thin, white nail plate that is more flexible than normal and is usually caused by improper diet, heredity, internal disease, medication, or overfiling with an abrasive?
Bruised nail bed
Beau’s lines
Eggshell nail
Discolored nail
The _____ is composed mainly of keratin
Nail plate
Nail cuticle
Matrix
Onyx
What type of disorder is associated with damage to the capillaries under the nail?
Nail psoriasis
Onychophagy
Pincer nail
Splinter hemorrhage
Which of the following diseases is associated with fungal infections of the feet, or athlete's foot?
Onycholysis
Paronychia
Tinea pedis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Which of the following is NOT considered one of the reasons that nail technicians must differentiate between healthy and unhealthy client's nails?
You must be able to identify conditions that are affected by the weather conditions and humidity
You must be able to identify conditions that should not be treated in the salon.
You need to take appropriate steps to protect yourself and your clients from the spread of disease
You could be in a position to see conditions that may signal mild to serious health problems that require the attention of a doctor
The scope of practice for nail technicians is found under ________________.
Reports
Summary
Outline
Definition
Nails are part of _______________________
The ligaments
The integumentary system
Leukonychia
Onychia
What type of disorder is associated with nail surface pitting, roughness, onycholysis, and bed discolorations?
Nail psoriasis
Onychophagy
Pincer nail
Splinter hemorrhage
A ___________________ is a tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place
Ligament
Free edge
Nail plate
Nail bed
Angela is training to be a nail technician. While she is working on a client, her manager stops her because she's about to clip too close to the eponychium. What might Angela have confused the eponychium for?
The nail plates
The nail cuticle
The matrix
The natural nail
Which of the following would be considered a medical condition that should be seen by a physician and NOT a nail tech?
Hangnails
A bruise on the nail bed
Paronychia
Plicatured nails
Cuticle moisturizers are designed for all EXCEPT?
Cuticle
Proximal nail bed
Lateral sidewalls
Hyponychium
What would you say to someone who says that because something is NOT specifically prohibited, it is allowed?
You can only perform what is listed specifically on you license.
You can perform anything that is not specifically prohibited on your license.
You can perform anything that is listed on your license or a podiatrist’s license.
You can only perform what is listed on your license and what is accepted by your salon or spa.
Which type of glove is recommended for nail techs?
Cotton
Rubber
Nitrile
Latex
Which of the following is used to enhance the appearance of an individual
Medical practices
Medical devices
Beauty services
Drugs
Stephanie is pregnant. She is talking to her nail tech friend Charlie about how wonderful her prenatal vitamins have been for her hair and nail growth. What could Charlie tell Stephanie about her nail growth?
The vitamins must have biotin in them in order to be making a difference in her nails.
Stephanie probably already had excellent nail growth and is simply noticing what was already occurring.
Certain foods that pregnant women eat more of are the most likely reason for Stephanie's nail growth
Nail growth rates accelerate during pregnancy whether she is taking a prenatal or not.
During which scenario do nail growth rates increase dramatically?
First trimester of pregnancy
Second trimester of pregnancy
Last trimester of pregnancy
First three months after delivery
What can affect the shape or thickness of the nail plate?
Damage to the matrix will affect the shape and thickness of the nail plate.
Increased levels of vitamin C can increase the thickness of the matrix.
Postpregnancy can decrease the thickness and shape of the nail plate.
Children have thicker nail plates than adults.
Which of the following disorders is associated with the nail turning a variety of colors, which may indicate surface staining, a systemic disorder, or poor blood circulation?
Bruised nail bed
Beau's lines
Eggshell nail
Discolored nail
How would you compare the relationship between the matrix and the plate?
The length, width, and curvature of the matrix determine the thickness, width, and curvature of the plate
The length, width, and curvature of the plate determine the thickness, width, and curvature of the matrix.
The texture of the matrix determines the texture of the plate.
The length of the matrix determines the length of the plate.
A normal nail plate grows forward from the ________ and extends over the tip of the finger.
Nail bed
Sidewalls
Cuticle
Matrix
What part of the natural nail unit protects the tips of the fingers and toes?
Nail plate
Nail cuticle
Matrix
Nail bed
The natural nail itself is technically referred to as the ____________.
Nail plate
Nail cuticle
Matrix
Onyx
What is the relationship between water content and the nail?
The lower the water content, the more rigid the nail becomes.
The higher the water content, the more rigid the nail becomes.
The lower the water content, the softer the nail becomes.
The higher the water content, the more likely infection can occur.
What is the relationship between nail cell production and plate growth?
The faster nail cells are produced, the slower the plate will grow
The faster nail cells are produced, the faster the plate will grow
The slower nail cells are produced, the faster the plate will grow.
Nail cells that grow fast make the plate brittle.
The lateral nail fold is also known as _____________.
The sidewall
Beau's lines
The eponychium
The free edge
What is the average rate of nail plate growth in normal adults per month?
1/10'' to 1/8'' per month
1/8" to 1/4" per month
1/10" to 1/4" per month
1/4" to 1/2" per month
Which of the following is NOT a part of the natural nail unit?
The nail plates
The nail cuticle
The matrix
The onyx
Which of the following groups of people would have the fastest growing nails?
Children
Adult males
Adult females
The elderly
What helps guide the nail plate along the nail bed as it grows?
The free edge
The sidewalls
The cuticle
The epithelium
Nail technicians are governed under ________________.
Podiatry
Cosmetology
Dermatology
Trichology
How would you explain to someone why a nail tech might NOT be able to perform some services that a podiatrist might?
Podiatrists know how to do certain things that nail technicians don't.
If a procedure is listed under a podiatry license, it is prohibited for anyone licensed under cosmetology.
Each salon and spa has its own set of rules for the services it provides; some are restricted, and a client would have to see a podiatrist instead
Nail techs and podiatrists work together to help serve clients; therefore, there are services that nail techs do and others that podiatrists perform.
What is the slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and the free edge of the nail plate?
Matrix
Sidewall
Hyponychium
Paronychia
What type of disorder is associated with a dramatically increased nail curvature of the free edge, wherein it might curl in upon itself?
Nail psoriasis
Onychophagy
Pincer nail
Splinter hemorrhage
Which type of disorder is associated with visible redness, pain, swelling, broken skin, or pus?
Hangnails
Infected finger
Leukonychia
Melanonychia
Which of the following diseases is associated with the separation of the nail plate and bed due to injury or allergic reactions?
Onycholysis
Paranychia
Tinea
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Phyllis is a nail tech who has recently moved to California. During her interview, she describes how her many years of work at another spa have made her well suited for this new position. When asked to describe the services she performed, Phyllis briefly mentions waxing in conversation. Why would that surprise Phyllis's interviewer?
Most manicurists are not permitted to remove hair by waxing.
The interviewer wouldn't have understood what Phyllis might have been waxing while giving a manicure.
Spas don't typically perform any kind of waxing
Typically, waxing is only performed by upper-level nail technicians, and Phyllis never mentioned her high standing.
Which nail grows the slowest?
Thumb
Index
Middle
Ring
Which of the following disorders is associated with depressions running across the width of the nail plate due to a slowing production of matrix cells, which causes the nail plate to grow thinner and is usually the result of serious illness or injury?
Bruised nail bed
Beau's lines
Eggshell nail
Discolored nail
What is the living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge?
Free edge
Sidewalls
Nail bed
Matrix
What is the water content of a healthy nail?
5 percent
15 percent
15-25 percent
25 percent
Which of the following disorders is associated with dark purplish spots usually due to a small injury to the nail bed?
Bruised nail bed
Beau's lines
Eggshell nail
Discolored nail
The growth of the nail plate is affected by all of the following EXCEPT:
Nutrition
Genes
Exercise
General health
The nail plate has approximately how many layers?
75
50
100
1000
Which type of disorder is associated with significant darkening of the fingernails or toenails caused by increased pigment cells?
Hangnails
Infected finger
Leukonychia
Melanonychia
The proximal nail fold is the entire flap of skin that covers what?
The sidewall
The nail bed
The matrix
The free edge
How long does it take for fingernail plates to be fully replaced?
4 to 6 months
6 to 9 months
9 to 12 months
12 to 18 months
Which of the following diseases is associated with rapidly growing and contagious bacteria that can cause an infection, and which in early stages is associated with a yellow-green spot?
Onychoysis
Paronychia
Tinea pedis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
During what time of year do nail plates grow fastest?
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
How long does it take for toenail plates to be fully replaced?
4 to 6 months
6 to 9 months
9 to 12 months
12 to 18 months
