The liver performs more than 100 different functions.

The liver is divided into          major and minor lobes.

The liver secretes approximately          mL of bile per day.

The main function of bile is to:

Which aspect of the gallbladder is located most posterior within the abdomen?

The average adult gallbladder is__cm long and_____cm wide.

What is the primary purpose of the membranous folds located within the cystic duct?

Where is bile formed?

Which of the following functions are performed by the gallbladder?

What is a primary function of cholecystokinin?

Where is cholecystokinin produced?

What is an older term for the pancreatic duct?

In 80% of all individuals, the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct unite before entering the duodenum.

What is an older term for the hepatopancreatic sphincter?

Which aspect of the gallbladder is labeled 1?

Which biliary structure is labeled 4?

Which structure is labeled 6?

Which structure is labeled 9?

The region of the biliary system labeled 10 is:

Which structure is labeled as number 11?

"Chole-" is a prefix for terms pertaining to the:

Radiographic examination of the biliary ducts only is termed:

Which of the following structures is not considered to be an accessory organ of digestion?

Saliva contains certain enzymes to begin the digestion of:

The act of swallowing is termed:

Which of the following structures is not one of the salivary glands?

The esophagus is located___to the larynx.

The aortic arch and the          create a normal indentation seen along the lateral border of the esophagus.

Which two forces or processes propel food down the esophagus?

The opening between the stomach and esophagus is termed the:

Part ii refers to the:

Part iv refers to the:

Part ix refers to the:

Refer to the diagram of the head and neck region. Which part is labeled as 'i'?

Refer to the diagram of the head and neck region. Part vii refers to the:

What is labeled as part III?

Refer to the diagram. Part V refers to the:

The dilated portion of the distal esophagus is termed the:

Which of the following is not a main subdivision of the stomach?

Which term describes the outer, lateral border of the stomach?

What is the term for the longitudinal mucosal folds found within the stomach?

Toward which aspect(s) of the stomach will barium gravitate with the patient in a prone position?

Which aspect of the stomach is attached to the duodenum?

Which specific part of the pancreas is adjacent to the C-loop of the duodenum?

Which division of the duodenum contains the duodenal bulb or cap?

What structure indicates the junction between the duodenum and jejunum?

Which part of the stomach is referred to as the body and pylorus?

Which part of the stomach is labeled 6?

Which part of the stomach is labeled 2?

The part of the stomach labeled 9 is:

Which part of the stomach is labeled 3?

Once food enters the stomach and is mixed with gastric secretions, it is termed:

Which of the following substances are not digested chemically?

Enzymes that aid in chemical digestion are classified as:

Lipids (fats) are broken down to fatty acids and glycerol as they are digested and absorbed by the:

Which aspect of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is primarily responsible for the absorption of digestive end products along with water, vitamins, and minerals?

A high and transverse stomach would be found in a(n)____patient.

A stomach with the duodenal bulb at the level of L1-2 would be found in a(n)____patient.

What is the classification of barium sulfate as a contrast media?

What type of solution is formed when barium is mixed with water?

Sodium bicarbonate is often used as a negative contrast medium during an upper GI series.

Swallowed air can be used as a negative contrast medium during an upper GI series.

Which of the following statements is true about barium sulfate?

Which of the following clinical indications would mandate the use of an oral, water-soluble contrast agent?

What type of contrast media is ideal for demonstrating a diverticulum within the stomach?

Which of the following patient care concerns would prevent the use of an oral, water-soluble contrast medium?

Digital fluoroscopy does not require the use of an image intensifier.

No cassettes are required for imaging with a digital fluoroscopy unit.

Digital fluoroscopy has distinct advantages but produces a slightly higher patient dose as compared with conventional fluoroscopy.

With digital fluoroscopy edge enhancement, brightness and contrast can be manipulated both during the procedure and also at a later time.

Which of the following is not one of the cardinal principles of radiation protection?

Which one of the following cardinal principles of radiation protection is most effective in reducing the dose to the technologist during fluoroscopy?

Which of the following devices reduces scatter exposure during fluoroscopy from the fluoroscopy tube?

Protective aprons worn during fluoroscopy must possess at least mm lead equivalency.

Which of the following conditions involves dilated veins in the distal aspect of the esophagus, which in some cases can lead to internal bleeding?

A large outpouching of the proximal esophagus above the upper esophageal sphincter is termed:

Achalasia is generally defined as:

Which of the following definitions would describe a bezoar?

Duodenal ulcers are rarely malignant.

Only 5% of all ulcers lead to bowel perforation.

Research suggests that peptic ulcers may be caused by:

Gastritis is defined as inflammation of the:

Which of the following conditions is an example of GERD?

What is the most common radiographic procedure performed to diagnose GERD?

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is the most common form of intestinal obstruction found in infants.

Which of the imaging modalities or procedures is most effective and preferred in diagnosing HPS?

What is a potential risk associated with the use of water-soluble contrast agents, especially for geriatric patients?

When using computed radiography (CR), inadequate kV or mAs will produce a          image.

Which of the following technical factors will best enhance a digital image taken during an upper GI series?

Patient preparation for an esophagram includes NPO          before the procedure.

Most esophagograms begin with the patient:

Why would a patient undergo Valsalva maneuver during an esophagogram?

Which of the following procedures will not demonstrate possible esophageal reflux?

Which of the following positions is not normally considered to be part of the esophagogram basic routine?

Patient preparation for an adult upper GI series includes:

Which of the following kV ranges should be used for an upper GI series using barium sulfate (single contrast study)?

1.       Which of the following imaging modalities is an alternative to an esophagogram for detecting esophageal varices?

Which of the following imaging modalities is ideal for demonstrating signs of Barrett esophagus?

How much barium is typically given to a 3- to 10-year-old child during an upper GI series?

Gastric emptying studies are performed using:

CR centering for an esophagogram should be to the vertebral level of:

How much obliquity is required for the RAO position for the esophagus?

The RAO position of the esophagus is preferred over the left anterior oblique (LAO) because it:

What type of breathing instructions should be given to the patient during an esophagogram using a thin barium mixture?

Other than the esophagogram, what other imaging modality is performed to diagnose Barrett’s esophagus?

Which of the following upper GI projections and/or positions will best demonstrate the pylorus and duodenal bulb in profile during a double-contrast study?

At what level should the CR and image receptor be centered for the RAO or PA upper GI projection and/or position on a sthenic-body type of patient?

A radiograph taken during an upper GI series demonstrates poor visibility of the gastric mucosa. The following factors were used: 80 kV, 30 mAs, 1/40-second exposure time, and high-speed image receptors. Barium sulfate was used during the procedure. Which of the following factors needs to be modified during the repeat exposure?

A PA radiograph taken on a hypersthenic patient during an upper GI series reveals that the pylorus and duodenal bulb are superimposed. Which of the following modifications will best eliminate the superimposition between these structures?

A patient comes to radiology for an upper GI series. Her clinical history indicates that there may be a tumor posterior to the stomach. Which one of the following projections and/or positions will best demonstrate this condition?

A pediatric patient enters the emergency department (ED) with a small, plastic object stuck in her esophagus. PA and lateral chest radiographs fail to demonstrate the foreign body. Which of the following procedures would be most effective in demonstrating the location of the object?

A patient comes to radiology with a history of a gastric ulcer. Which of the following procedures would be most diagnostic to demonstrate this lesion?

A patient comes to radiology for an esophagogram. The radiologist is concerned about the upper portion of the esophagus, near the level of T1, which did not visualize well on the previous routine projection-position esophagogram. Which of the following special projections and/or positions would be most helpful in demonstrating this region?

One radiograph of an upper GI series needs repeating. The technologist is unsure which projection and/or position is seen on this radiograph. The fundus is filled with barium, and the pylorus and duodenal bulb are profiled and air filled. The patient was recumbent for all projections. Which projection and/or position needs to be repeated?

A patient comes to radiology for an upper GI series. The patient has a clinical history of hiatal hernia. Which of the following positions may be helpful in demonstrating this condition?

A PA projection taken during an upper GI series performed on an infant reveals that the body and pylorus of the stomach are superimposed. What modification needs to be made during the repeat exposure to separate these two regions?

During an upper GI series, the “halo” sign appears in the duodenum. Which of the following conditions will produce this radiographic sign?

A patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of HPS. Which of the following imaging modalities will best demonstrate this condition?