WorksheetsEEV Exam Review Unit 2 MOAQ
Total questions: 111
Worksheet time: 1hrs 7mins
What is one reason for long-term weather changes in Australia?
Changes in ocean temperatures
Changes in mountain heights
Changes in forest density
Changes in river flow
Which geographical feature surrounds Australia and influences its weather?
Deserts
Mountains
Oceans
Forests
Which of the following is NOT a phase of the ENSO cycle?
El Niño
La Niña
Neutral conditions
Polar Vortex
What are the effects of ENSO on the atmosphere?
It increases volcanic activity.
It affects air pressure, rainfall, and atmospheric circulation.
It causes earthquakes.
It reduces cloud formation.
What was notable about Australia's weather in 2010 during the La Niña event?
It was the hottest year on record.
It was the driest year on record.
It was the 3rd wettest calendar year on record.
It was the coldest year on record.
How did the rainfall during the 2011-12 La Niña event compare to average levels?
Well above-average rainfall
Below average rainfall
Average rainfall
Very much below average rainfall
What is one of the effects of El Niño in the Indonesian region?
Increased rainfall
Little rainfall
Cooler temperatures
Heavy snowfall
What was one of the significant impacts of the El Niño event in Australia during 1982-83?
Flooding
Severe drought and bushfires
Heavy snowfall
Tornadoes
What is El Niño typically associated with in northern and eastern Australia?
Increased rainfall
Reduced rainfall
No change in rainfall
Heavy snowfall
During a(n) ____ event, trade winds are much stronger than usual.
El Nino
La Nina
Normal
Partly sunny
The picture below is of a(n) ____ event.
Non-El Nino (Normal)
El Nino
La Nina
The image is of a(n):
El Nino event
La Nina event
Non-El Nino (normal conditions)
The picture represents a(n) ___ event.
El Nino
La Nina
Non-El Nino (normal conditions)
El Niño ___________________ the trade winds causing the warm pool to move ___________.
weakens or reverses; west
intensifies; west
weakens or reverses; east
intensifies; east
What is air pressure?
The force exerted by the weight of air molecules on a surface.
The movement of air from high to low pressure areas.
The temperature difference between hot and cold air.
The speed at which air molecules move.
What happens to warm air compared to cool air?
Warm air is more dense and sinks.
Warm air is less dense and rises.
Warm air is less dense and sinks.
Warm air is more dense and rises.
What is a convection cell?
A type of air pressure system.
A pattern of air movement in an enclosed space.
A method of measuring air density.
A type of weather phenomenon.
Which air currents impact rainfall, temperature, and seasonal weather patterns?
Ocean currents
Trade winds, westerlies, and jet streams
Mountain breezes
Valley winds
What causes high pressure at the surface in the atmosphere?
A column of cool, dense air
A column of warm, less dense air
Rising air
Low pressure regions
In which direction does air move in the atmosphere?
From low-pressure to high-pressure regions
From high-pressure to low-pressure regions
From warm to cool regions
From dense to less dense regions
What are the names of the three cells?
(a)
What are Hadley Cells and where are they found?
Atmospheric circulation cells found between 0° and 30° latitude
Ocean currents found between 30° and 60° latitude
Mountain ranges found between 0° and 30° latitude
River systems found between 30° and 60° latitude
What causes the formation of Hadley Cells?
Sunlight heating the equator, causing warm air to rise
Ocean currents cooling the poles
Mountain ranges blocking wind patterns
River systems altering atmospheric pressure
What type of conditions do high-pressure systems created by Hadley Cells result in?
Dry, clear conditions
Wet, stormy conditions
Cold, snowy conditions
Humid, foggy conditions
What are trade winds and where do they blow?
Winds that blow east to west just north and south of the equator
Winds that blow west to east at the poles
Winds that blow north to south along the equator
Winds that blow south to north at the equator
Where are Ferrel Cells located?
Between 0° and 30° latitude
Between 30° and 60° latitude
Between 60° and 90° latitude
At the equator
What effect causes the winds in the Ferrel Cell region to blow from the west?
Greenhouse effect
Coriolis effect
Doppler effect
Butterfly effect
What type of weather systems do Ferrel Cells create around 60° latitude?
High-pressure systems
Low-pressure systems
Tropical storms
Cyclones
What is the boundary between the Ferrel and Polar cells called?
Equatorial front
Polar front
Tropical front
Mid-latitude front
What are the winds in the Polar Cell region known as?
Westerlies
Trade winds
Polar easterlies
Monsoons
What is the net movement of air from the equator to the poles called?
Jet stream
Trade winds
Convection cell
Cyclone
What is the Coriolis Effect in the northern hemisphere?
Winds bend to the right
Winds bend to the left
Winds move straight
Winds stop moving
In the southern hemisphere, how do winds behave due to the Coriolis Effect?
Winds bend to the right
Winds bend to the left
Winds move straight
Winds stop moving
What is the Coriolis Effect?
The deflection of moving air and water due to the Earth's rotation.
The increase in temperature due to global warming.
The decrease in atmospheric pressure at high altitudes.
The reflection of sunlight by the Earth's surface.
In which direction do cyclones spin in the Northern Hemisphere due to the Coriolis Effect?
Clockwise
Counterclockwise
Upward
Downward
What causes cyclones in the Southern Hemisphere to spin clockwise?
Air is deflected to the right
Air is deflected to the left
Air is deflected upward
Air is deflected downward
At what level does nutrient cycling occur through the action of the biota?
Local level
Global level
Atmospheric level
Geological level
What is the main path for most nutrients to enter producers?
Through the leaves
Through the roots from the soil
Through the stems
Through the flowers
What form does phosphorus take in ecosystems?
Phosphate (PO4^3-)
Nitrate (NO3^{-})
Sulfate (SO4^2-)
Carbonate (CO3^{2-})
How does phosphorus primarily enter producers in ecosystems?
Through the atmosphere
Through the soil
Through water vapor
Through sunlight
What percentage of the atmosphere is made up of nitrogen (N₂)?
21%
78%
50%
10%
What do nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert nitrogen gas (N₂) into?
Oxygen (O₂)
Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
Ammonia (NH₃) and Ammonium (NH₄⁺)
Methane (CH₄)
Where is carbon stored on land?
In the atmosphere
In rocks, soil, and decomposing organisms
In the ocean
In living plants
What can buried organic matter become over millions of years?
Diamonds
Fossil fuels
Water
Sand
In the ocean, what does carbon dioxide form that marine organisms use to build shells?
Oxygen ions
Carbonate ions
Nitrogen ions
Sulfate ions
What do the shells that settle on the ocean floor form?
Sandstone
Granite
Limestone
Basalt
What process allows plants, algae, and cyanobacteria to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen?
Cellular respiration
Photosynthesis
Fermentation
Glycolysis
What do marine organisms use during photosynthesis?
Dissolved oxygen
Dissolved carbon (bicarbonate)
Dissolved nitrogen
Dissolved sulfur
Which natural processes contribute to the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere?
Photosynthesis and Respiration
Volcanic eruptions and hydrothermal vents
Evaporation and Condensation
Precipitation and Erosion
What role do fossil fuels play in the carbon cycle?
Short-term carbon storage
Long-term carbon storage and energy source when burned
Immediate energy release without carbon storage
Only a source of oxygen
Which spheres are linked by the carbon cycle?
Hydrosphere and atmosphere
Biosphere, atmosphere, and lithosphere
Atmosphere and stratosphere
Lithosphere and hydrosphere
What was the major source of soil nitrogen until recent times?
Fossil fuels
Lightning
Cars
Factories
What has become a major source of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in recent times?
Lightning
Oceans
Burning of fossil fuels
Forest fires
What is biological nitrogen fixation carried out by?
Bacteria
Fungi
Viruses
Algae
Where do symbiotic bacteria involved in nitrogen fixation commonly live?
In the leaves of trees
In the roots of legume plants
In the stems of grasses
In the flowers of shrubs
Which organisms conduct the process of denitrification?
Plants
Animals
Bacteria
Fungi
What is a consequence of fossil fuel combustion related to nitrogen oxides?
Decreases crop growth
Contributes to acid rain and climate change
Reduces water pollution
Enhances natural biological fixation
What is eutrophication?
A process where water bodies become overly enriched with nutrients
A method to increase fossil fuel efficiency
A technique for reducing nitrogen oxides
A way to enhance natural biological fixation
What is a major cause of eutrophication in water systems?
Natural biological fixation
Fertilizer runoff
Fossil fuel combustion
Acid rain
How do plants contribute to the phosphorus cycle?
Assimilation
Mineralisation
Decomposition
Weathering
Where is phosphorus primarily stored?
In the atmosphere
In rocks and minerals
In the ocean
In living organisms
What role does phosphorus play in plant growth?
It is essential for cell division
It helps in chlorophyll production
It aids in water transport
It provides structural support
How do animals obtain phosphorus directly besides consuming plants?
Through the air
From drinking water
By sunlight
From soil
What happens during assimilation in animals?
Nutrients are converted into energy
Nutrients are absorbed by the organism to be used by cells
Nutrients are excreted as waste
Nutrients are stored as fat
What is the primary role of decomposers in nutrient cycling?
A) To produce energy through photosynthesis
B) To break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients
C) To fix nitrogen from the atmosphere
D) To provide food for primary consumers
Which nutrient cycle involves the weathering of rocks as a key process?
A) Carbon cycle
B) Nitrogen cycle
C) Phosphorus cycle
D) Water cycle
How do plants contribute to the carbon cycle?
A) By releasing carbon dioxide during photosynthesis
B) By absorbing carbon dioxide during photosynthesis
C) By converting carbon dioxide to nitrogen
D) By decomposing organic matter
Which of the following statements is TRUE of the carbon cycle? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.
This cycle does not have an atmospheric component.
Includes the processes of photosynthesis, cellular respiration & combustion.
The primary atmospheric gas in this cycle must be fixed into a form that organisms can use.
Excess gases released by combustion put this cycle out of balance.
Evaporation from the oceans is a critical component.
Which of the following statements is TRUE of the nitrogen cycle? MARK ALL THAT APPLY.
This cycle does not have an atmospheric component.
Includes the processes of photosynthesis, cellular respiration & combustion.
The primary atmospheric gas in this cycle must be fixed into a form that organisms can use.
Weathering of rocks is an important process in this cycle.
Bacteria is a critical part of this cycle.
Which of the following best describes the importance of biogeochemical cycles?
They show how certain elements and compounds move through the environment and are continually used and recycled.
They explain how energy moves through trophic levels of an ecosystem.
They describe how the adaptations of organisms change based on environmental pressures.
They chart how biotic changes destroy unstable ecosystems.
How does the carbon cycle contribute to climate change?
By increasing oxygen levels in the atmosphere
By trapping heat in the atmosphere through greenhouse gases
By reducing the amount of sunlight reaching the Earth
By increasing the Earth's albedo
An autotroph
is a self feeding organism that does photosynthesis
Is an organism that eats other organisms for energy
is the name for all bacteria
is a being that eats meat only
Which of these places stores the most carbon?
Soil
Atmosphere
Biomass
Hydrosphere
Sedimentary rocks
Nitrifying bacteria convert
(a)
Without the Greenhouse Effect, what would Earth's temperatures resemble?
The temperatures of the Moon
The temperatures of Mars
The temperatures of Venus
The temperatures of Jupiter
How do human activities affect the amount of radiation absorbed in the atmosphere?
They decrease the absorption of radiation
They have no effect on radiation absorption
They increase the absorption of radiation
They reflect more radiation back into space
Which of the following is a greenhouse gas found in the atmosphere?
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Argon
Neon
What percentage of dry air is made up of carbon dioxide?
0.041%
0.0041%
0.14%
0.0014%
What is one of the processes that contribute to the natural levels of carbon dioxide?
Photosynthesis
Weathering of carbonate rocks
Ocean currents
Formation of glaciers
Which animals are mentioned as producers of methane through their digestive systems?
Cats and dogs
Cattle and sheep
Birds and reptiles
Fish and amphibians
In what year did the Global Carbon Project identify melting permafrost as having a major potential to accelerate global warming?
2000
2005
2010
2015
What is the potential impact of melting permafrost according to the Global Carbon Project?
Decrease in global temperatures
Acceleration of global warming
Stabilization of climate
Increase in rainfall
What percentage of dry air does water vapour make up?
0.1-3%
5-10%
10-15%
20-25%
What percentage of Earth's naturally occurring greenhouse effect is caused by water vapour?
20%
40%
60%
80%
Has the climate gotten hotter or colder in recent years?
It has gotten colder.
It has gotten hotter.
It has stayed the same.
What is the likelihood of Australians developing skin cancer compared to other cancers?
2x more likely
3x more likely
4x more likely
5x more likely
What part of the electromagnetic spectrum reaches the Earth from the sun?
Infrared radiation
Ultraviolet radiation
Gamma rays
X-rays
What role do phytoplankton play in the environment?
They cause ocean pollution
They help determine global climate
They increase UV radiation
They reduce biodiversity
How does UV radiation affect marine organisms when it penetrates the ocean?
It enhances the growth of marine organisms.
It is harmless to marine organisms.
It damages marine organisms and other microbes.
It only affects the temperature of the water.
What is the primary function of the ozone layer in the stratosphere?
To absorb carbon dioxide
To protect Earth from harmful UV radiation
To trap heat from the Sun
To produce oxygen
What are CFCs commonly used as in refrigerators and air conditioners?
Propellants
Insulators
Coolants
Lubricants
In the 1980s, what was the peak worldwide production of CFCs?
1.2 million tonnes
2.5 million tonnes
800,000 tonnes
500,000 tonnes
What has been the trend in the levels of important CFCs since the Montreal Protocol?
Increase
Decrease or leveled off
No change
Doubled
What does "DU" stand for?
Density Units
Depth Units
Dobson Units
Diameter Units
Ozone formula
O
O3
O4
O5
The Ozone layer is located in...
Troposphere
Exosphere
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?
oxygen
hydrogen
nitrogen
helium
What is the primary cause of the depletion of the ozone layer?
Carbon dioxide emissions
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Sulfur dioxide emissions
Methane emissions
CFCs are making the Ozone layer thicker
True
False
Why was the Montreal Protocol created?
To protect Canadian wildlife endangered by Greenhouse Gases
To protect CO2
To protect the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere
To reduce the impact of Acid Rain on the environment
Which of these has been controlled in an attempt to reduce the depletion of ozone in Earth’s atmosphere?
methods of filtering gasoline
use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
methods of radioactive waste storage
use of mercury (Hg) compounds
What is a food web?
A linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass
A complex network of interconnected food chains
A diagram showing the energy flow in an ecosystem
A pyramid showing the biomass at each trophic level
How does Net Primary Production (NPP) affect ecosystems?
It determines the total energy captured by producers
It determines how much energy flows into the rest of the ecosystem
It determines the energy lost to the environment
It determines the energy used by producers
How do producers obtain energy?
By consuming other organisms
By capturing sunlight
By decomposing organic matter
By absorbing nutrients from soil
Approximately what percentage of energy is passed from one trophic level to the next?
10%
20%
50%
100%
