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WorksheetsBiology STAAR Reporting Category 1: Cells
Total questions: 111
Worksheet time: 1hrs 28mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
A student produces a labeled drawing of a virus for a presentation. The student states that the capsid has a function similar to the nuclear membrane found in animal cells.
a)
Both transport proteins throughout the structures.
b)
Both provide energy for activities in the structures.
c)
Both protect genetic information for the structures.
d)
Both code for the proteins needed for reproduction of the structures.
2.
A type of cellular transport is shown.
a)
Active transport, because energy is being used to move molecules against the concentration gradient
b)
Facilitated diffusion, because energy is being used to move molecules with the concentration gradient
c)
Osmosis, because energy is not being used to move molecules with the concentration gradient
d)
Endocytosis, because energy is not being used to move molecules against the concentration gradient
3.
The diagram shows molecules that a mitochondrion uses and produces during a cellular process.
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
CHO
d)
ATP
4.
Which table shows two steps of DNA replications?
a)
b)
c)
d)
5.
The karyotype, or chromosomal profile, for humans is shown. A karyotype can be used to investigate genetic disorders.
a)
The cell cycle skips G0 phase and repeats G1 phase.
b)
Mitotic division is skipped, and the cell cycle proceeds to cytokinesis.
c)
Mitotic division stops in metaphase and cannot proceed to anaphase.
d)
The cell cycle skips S phase and proceeds to G2 phase.
6.
In a study of physical endurance, researchers observed significant increases in the heart rates and breathing rates of participants immediately after they engaged in strenuous exercise.
Which statement best explains the increase in the heart rate and the breathing rate during exercise?
a)
The water concentration in the blood increases.
b)
Body cells require increased oxygen as energy is expended.
c)
Muscle cells increase in temperature and require fluid to reduce the temperature.
d)
An increase in muscle activity causes increases in glucose levels in red blood cells.
7.
In 1898 Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch found evidence that the cause of the highly contagious hoof-and-mouth disease in livestock was a microscopic infectious particle. It was discovered that this particle requires a host cell to reproduce.
Which pathogen is most likely responsible for causing hoof-and-mouth disease in livestock?
a)
A bacterium, because it is contagious
b)
A fungus, because it infects livestock
c)
A protist, because it is microscopic
d)
A virus, because it requires a host cell to reproduce
8.
What is the capsid of a virus?
a)
the disease it causes
b)
the receptors to which it binds
c)
the genetic material
d)
its protein coat
9.
Which cell part is present in eukaryotic cells, but not in prokaryotic cells?
a)
cell membrane
b)
cell wall
c)
cytoplasm
d)
nucleus
10.
This diagram shows the cell cycle.
Which of the following activities occur in the S phase?
Which of the following activities occur in the S phase?
a)
Replication of the DNA
b)
Growth of the cell
c)
Formation of the mitotic spindle
d)
Breakdown of the nuclear membrane
11.
Meiosis is the process by which gametes are produced. In which of the following human organs would meiosis occur?
a)
Liver
b)
Stomach
c)
Testis
d)
Lungs
12.
a)
Prophase
b)
Anaphase
c)
Telophase
d)
Interphase
13.
The diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane is called?
a)
Osmosis
b)
Cell wall
c)
Diffusion
d)
Respiration
14.
An animal cell placed in a hypertonic (salty) solution will
a)
Shrink
b)
Swell
c)
Stay the same
15.
The ability to maintain a stable internal environment is called ________________.
a)
Metabolism
b)
Mitosis
c)
Heterozygous
d)
Homeostasis
16.
What is one way that a lysogenic infection differs from a lytic infection?
a)
A lysogenic virus does not act on bacteria as a lytic virus does.
b)
A lysogenic virus can remain in the host DNA for a longer period without becoming active.
c)
A lysogenic virus contains RNA instead of DNA.
d)
A lysogenic virus directs the production of new viruses right away.
17.
Which is the only structure you would expect to see when examining a prokaryotic cell with a compound microscope?
a)
nucleus
b)
chloroplast
c)
cell membrane
d)
mitochondria
18.
Which organic macromolecules are composed of chains of amino acids that join to form the structural components of organisms?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
nucleic acids
c)
proteins
d)
lipids
19.
Which of the following is a possible result of a disruption in the cell cycle?
a)
cancer
b)
photosynthesis
c)
cellular respiration
d)
protein synthesis
20.
Cell have several mechanisms for regulating their internal environments. Which of these mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis requires energy?
a)
osmosis
b)
diffusion
c)
active transport
d)
passive transport
21.
Which of the following macromolecules are a prominent part of animal tissues that function in insulation, helping animals conserve heat?
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic acids
22.
This cell is undergoing mitosis. What stage of mitosis is shown?
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
23.
Which of the following is the only characteristic shared by living cells and viruses?
a)
the presence of carbohydrates
b)
the ability to reproduce
c)
the presence of the nucleic acid
d)
a cell membrane
24.
What type of cell is shown?
a)
eukaryotic
b)
prokaryotic
c)
bacterial
d)
protist
25.
Proteins are assembled within this cell organelle.
a)
nucleus
b)
Golgi apparatus
c)
lysosome
d)
ribosome
26.
Cellular energy is produced in the membrane of this organelle.
a)
endoplasmic reticulum
b)
chloroplast
c)
mitochondria
d)
lysosome
27.
This organelle packages proteins for export from the cell.
a)
Golgi apparatus
b)
endoplasmic reticulum
c)
ribosome
d)
lysosome
28.
This organelle contains enzymes that help digest and break down unwanted cellular materials.
a)
Golgi body
b)
lysosome
c)
endoplasmic reticulum
d)
vacuole
29.
This organelle would NOT be found in animal cells.
a)
cell membrane
b)
nucleus
c)
lysosome
d)
chloroplast
30.
Which statement most correctly describes the difference between viruses and a bacteria?
a)
Bacteria are pathogens and viruses are not.
b)
Bacteria have a nucleus and viruses do not.
c)
Bacteria can spread throughout the body and viruses cannot.
d)
Bacteria are living and viruses are not.
31.
Which of these requires ATP?
a)
osmosis
b)
diffusion
c)
active transport
d)
stasis
32.
During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
a)
G1 phase
b)
S phase
c)
G2 phase
d)
M phase
33.
What phase of mitosis is shown in the picture?
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
34.
What is the end result of mitosis
a)
2 cells that are identical to the parent cell
b)
2 cells that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
c)
4 cells that are identical to the parent cell
d)
4 cells that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
35.
What might a scientist observe when looking at cancer cells?
a)
Cancer cells will become stuck in the G1 on phase and will not enter the S phase
b)
Cancer cells will go through the S phase twice
c)
Cancer cells will continuously repeat the cell cycle and will not enter a resting phase
d)
Cancer cells will not undergo cytokinesis
36.
Which class of biomolecules includes DNA and RNA?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
lipids
c)
proteins
d)
nucleic acids
37.
The process through which the monosaccharides are joined together to form a polysaccharide is known as what?
a)
dehydration synthesis
b)
linking
c)
catabolic reacting
d)
enzymatic hybridization
38.
What type of cell is shown?
a)
Eukaryotic because it has a nucleus
b)
Eukaryotic because it lacks a nucleus
c)
Prokaryotic because it has a nucleus
d)
Prokaryotic because it lacks a nucleus
39.
What is the name and importance of the molecule shown in the picture?
a)
fatty acid tail; makes up the fat found in butter
b)
phospholipid; makes up cellular membranes
c)
triglyceride; makes up animal lard
d)
cellulose; makes up the cell walls of plants
40.
What is the movement of molecules or solutes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?
a)
osmosis
b)
active transport
c)
merging
d)
diffusion
41.
Which class of biomolecules include monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
lipids
c)
proteins
d)
nucleic acids
42.
Which class of biomolecules include fats, oils, and steroids?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
lipids
c)
proteins
d)
nucleic acids
43.
Which class of biomolecules is considered the main structural molecule? This same class also makes up enzymes..
a)
carbohydrates
b)
lipids
c)
proteins
d)
nucleic acids
44.
A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which has occurred?
a)
The swollen gums have absorbed the saltwater solution.
b)
The saltwater solution lowers the temperature of the water in the gums.
c)
The salt in the solution has moved against the concentration gradient.
d)
The excess water has moved out of the gums.
45.
Which organelle is the site where amino acids are synthesized into proteins?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Ribosome
c)
Golgi apparatus
d)
Mitochondria
46.
This diagram shows the cell cycle.
Which of the following activities occur in the S phase?
Which of the following activities occur in the S phase?
a)
Replication of the DNA
b)
Growth of the cell
c)
Formation of the mitotic spindle
d)
Breakdown of the nuclear membrane
47.
RNA and DNA are which type of organic compound?
a)
Lipids
b)
Carbohydrates
c)
Nucleic Acids
d)
Proteins
48.
A scientist treats a cell with a chemical that destroys the ribosomes. As a result, which cell process will be stopped?
a)
Osmosis
b)
Protein Synthesis
c)
Photosynthesis
d)
Cellular Respiration
49.
This diagram shows an enzyme-substrate complex.
Which is represented by Structure X?
Which is represented by Structure X?
a)
Substrate
b)
Enzyme
c)
Complex
d)
Product
50.
Which is the most likely function of a group of cells that contain a high number of chloroplasts?
a)
Respiration
b)
Transpiration
c)
Photosynthesis
d)
Fermentation
51.
A researcher is studying a particular disease-causing agent. The agent has a protein coat, but it lacks a nucleus, contains no other organelles, and can reproduce only when it is inside an animal cell. The researcher should classify the agent as which of the following?
a)
A bacterium
b)
A fungus
c)
A virus
d)
A protist
52.
Energy for most chemical reactions in cells is supplied by which of the following molecules?
a)
DNA
b)
ATP
c)
RNA
d)
Hemoglobin
53.
Which pair of structures best shows that plant cells have functions different from animal cells?
a)
Cytoplasm
and mitochondria
b)
Chloroplasts and cell wall
c)
Ribosome and golgi
d)
Nucleus and cell membrane
54.
Which of the following macromolecules are a prominent part of animal tissues that function in insulation, helping animals conserve heat?
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic acids
55.
What is the function of enzymes in biological systems?
a)
Enzymes
act as substrates when the necessary proteins are unavailable.
b)
Enzymes
act as products to create new chemical reactions.
c)
Enzymes
act as catalysts to drive chemical reactions forward.
d)
Enzymes
bond with substrates to create the new reaction products.
56.
a)
Prophase
b)
Anaphase
c)
Telophase
d)
Interphase
57.
This cell organelle helps organisms maintain homeostasis by controlling what substances may enter or leave cells.
a)
vacuole
b)
nucleus
c)
cell membrane
d)
cell wall
58.
A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which has occurred?
a)
The swollen gums have absorbed the saltwater solution.
b)
The saltwater solution lowers the temperature of the water in the gums.
c)
The salt in the solution has moved against the concentration gradient.
d)
The excess water has moved out of the gums.
59.
This diagram shows the cell cycle.
Which of the following activities occur in the S phase?
Which of the following activities occur in the S phase?
a)
Replication of the DNA
b)
Growth of the cell
c)
Formation of the mitotic spindle
d)
Breakdown of the nuclear membrane
60.
RNA and DNA are which type of organic compound?
a)
Lipids
b)
Carbohydrates
c)
Nucleic Acids
d)
Proteins
61.
This diagram shows the cell cycle.
Which of the following activities occur in the G1 phase?
Which of the following activities occur in the G1 phase?
a)
Replication of the DNA
b)
Growth of the cell
c)
Formation of the mitotic spindle
d)
Breakdown of the nuclear membrane
62.
Which pair of structures best shows that plant cells have functions different from animal cells?
a)
Cytoplasm
and mitochondria
b)
Chloroplasts and cell wall
c)
Ribosome and golgi
d)
Nucleus and cell membrane
63.
What type of cell is shown?
a)
eukaryotic
b)
prokaryotic
c)
bacterial
d)
protist
64.
This organelle would NOT be found in animal cells.
a)
cell membrane
b)
nucleus
c)
lysosome
d)
chloroplast
65.
Which of these requires ATP?
a)
osmosis
b)
diffusion
c)
active transport
d)
stasis
66.
During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
a)
G1 phase
b)
S phase
c)
G2 phase
d)
M phase
67.
What phase of mitosis is shown in the picture?
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
68.
What is the end result of mitosis
a)
2 cells that are identical to the parent cell
b)
2 cells that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
c)
4 cells that are identical to the parent cell
d)
4 cells that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
69.
What might a scientist observe when looking at cancer cells?
a)
Cancer cells will become stuck in the G1 on phase and will not enter the S phase
b)
Cancer cells will go through the S phase twice
c)
Cancer cells will continuously repeat the cell cycle and will not enter a resting phase
d)
Cancer cells will not undergo cytokinesis
70.
What type of cell is shown?
a)
Eukaryotic because it has a nucleus
b)
Eukaryotic because it lacks a nucleus
c)
Prokaryotic because it has a nucleus
d)
Prokaryotic because it lacks a nucleus
71.
What is the name and importance of the molecule shown in the picture?
a)
fatty acid tail; makes up the fat found in butter
b)
phospholipid; makes up cellular membranes
c)
triglyceride; makes up animal lard
d)
cellulose; makes up the cell walls of plants
72.
True or False
The flu is caused by a virus.
The flu is caused by a virus.
a)
true
b)
false
73.
The diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane is called?
a)
Osmosis
b)
Cell wall
c)
Diffusion
d)
Respiration
74.
Cancer creates abnormal cells by disrupting
a)
the cell cycle
b)
red blood cell formation
c)
DNA replication
d)
ATP synthesis
75.
The concentration of water is higher in the soil than in plant root cells. Water moves into root cells of a plant by...
a)
Facilitated Diffusion
b)
Simple Diffusion
c)
Active Transport
d)
Osmosis
76.
What are two types of passive transport?
a)
endo and exocytosis
b)
cookies and milk
c)
active and passive
d)
Osmosis and diffusion
77.
A saltwater fish is accidentally placed in a freshwater aquarium in a few short hours it sadly died. Which explains why this occurred?
a)
The cells of the fish body were dehydrated by the quick loss of water.
b)
The cells of the fish quickly absorbed massive amounts of water and it ended up killing the fish.
c)
The fish hated the new decor in the freshwater tank.
d)
It was just its time.
78.
Passive transport requires no
a)
concentration gradients
b)
osmosis
c)
motion
d)
energy
79.
Why would it be important to replicate DNA before a cell divides in mitosis or meiosis?
a)
In order for genetic information to be transferred into daughter cells.
b)
In order for the cell to be able to increase in size.
c)
In order for the DNA to be contained in the nucleus.
d)
In order for the cell to re-order the DNA sequencing in the new cells.
80.
A process in which DNA has the unique ability to make an exact copy of itself.
a)
Replication
b)
Translation
c)
Transcription
81.
What is responsible for holding the two strands of the DNA double helix together?
a)
hydrogen bonds
b)
alleles
c)
London dispersion forces
d)
deoxyribose sugars
82.
Antibiotics kill viruses
a)
True
b)
False
83.
What is a way to become immune to a disease without first having the disease?
a)
antibiotics
b)
Anti-retroviral drugs
c)
Vaccinations
d)
Exposure Therapies
84.
A(n) _____ is a virus that enters a bacterial cell.
a)
endospore
b)
decomposer
c)
plasmid
d)
bacteriophage
85.
Which viral life cycle allows viral genetic material to lay dormant while the host cell reproduces?
a)
lytic
b)
mitosis
c)
lysogenic
d)
S phase
86.
During what phase of the cell cycle does cell division occur?
a)
Interphase
b)
M phase
c)
S phase
d)
G2 phase
87.
Put the following stages of the cell cycle in order: G2, S, G1, M.
a)
G1, S, G2, M
b)
S, G1, G2, M
c)
G1, M, G2, S
d)
M, G1, S, G2
88.
What is the longest stage of the cell cycle called?
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
M phase
c)
Interphase
d)
G1 Phase
89.
Which best explains why muscle cells are different from blood cells?
a)
Muscle cells are produced by the brain, but blood cells are produced by the heart.
b)
Different genes are activated in muscle cells than in blood cells.
c)
Muscles cells experience different environmental influences than blood cells.
d)
A mutation occurs during the development of muscle cells but not in blood cells.
90.
How do stem cells know what type of cells to differentiate into?
a)
The nucleus has instructions to turn some genes on and some genes off.
b)
Signals from chemicals in the organism or from the environment determine which genes will be turned on and off.
c)
Genes turn on and off randomly.
d)
The cell has unique DNA that determines what the cell will become.
91.
What process best explains how muscle cells and nerve cells can develop from the same fertilized egg?
a)
genetic engineering
b)
survival of the fittest
c)
differentiation
d)
selective breeding
92.
what is the role of stem cells in the body
a)
fight against infection
b)
provide specialized roles in the body
c)
used for fertility treatment
d)
they produce new specialized cells in the body to replace old cells that are used up
93.
Reasons that viruses are considered to be nonliving is because
a)
They are not cellular
b)
They cannot reproduce on their own
c)
They cannot make proteins
d)
all of the above
94.
During which stage of the cell cycle does mitosis and cytokinesis occur?
a)
Interphase
b)
S phase
c)
M phase
d)
G1 phase
95.
During what stage does the G1, S and G2 phases happen?
a)
Interphase
b)
M phase
c)
Mitosis
d)
Cytokinesis
96.
Which is bigger, a bacteria or a virus?
a)
Bacteria
b)
Virus
97.
Where do viruses reproduce?
a)
Outside of a cell
b)
Inside of a cell
c)
They do not reproduce
98.
What is a series of events a cell goes through as they grow and divide?
a)
Cell Division
b)
Cell Cycle
c)
Cytokinesis
d)
Mitosis
99.
The ability to maintain a stable internal environment is called ________________.
a)
Metabolism
b)
Mitosis
c)
Heterozygous
d)
Homeostasis
100.
What is one way that a lysogenic infection differs from a lytic infection?
a)
A lysogenic virus does not act on bacteria as a lytic virus does.
b)
A lysogenic virus can remain in the host DNA for a longer period without becoming active.
c)
A lysogenic virus contains RNA instead of DNA.
d)
A lysogenic virus directs the production of new viruses right away.
101.
Which is the only structure you would expect to see when examining a prokaryotic cell with a compound microscope?
a)
nucleus
b)
chloroplast
c)
cell membrane
d)
mitochondria
102.
Which of the following is a possible result of a disruption in the cell cycle?
a)
cancer
b)
photosynthesis
c)
cellular respiration
d)
protein synthesis
103.
Cell have several mechanisms for regulating their internal environments. Which of these mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis requires energy?
a)
osmosis
b)
diffusion
c)
active transport
d)
passive transport
104.
This cell is undergoing mitosis. What stage of mitosis is shown?
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
105.
What is the first step of the virus reproduction cycle?
a)
The viruses genetic material (DNA) starts to take over the functions of the cell
b)
The host cell bursts open, releasing the new viruses
c)
The virus injects its genetic material into the cell
d)
A virus attaches to the surface of a host cell
106.
What is the last step in the viral reproduction cycle?
a)
A virus attaches to the surface of a host cell
b)
The proteins and genetic material start to assemble in the cell
c)
The host cell bursts open, releasing the new viruses
d)
The virus injects its genetic material into the cell
107.
Mature human muscle cells and nerve cells
a)
remain undifferentiated unless an injury occurs
b)
become cancerous more easily
c)
continue to divide throughout their life
d)
are permanently in a state of non-division
108.
The cell cycle control system
a)
receives messages from the outside of the cell that influence cell division
b)
triggers and controls major events in the cell cycle
c)
is influenced by growth factors that bind to cell receptors
d)
all of the above
109.
Diffusion, a form of passive transport, is the movement of
a)
particles from high to low concentration
b)
particles from low to high concentration
110.
WHat are the complementary bases to the following strand of DNA:
AATCATGGA
a)
AATCATGGA
b)
TTAGTACCT
c)
UUAGUACCU
d)
GGATAUCUA
111.
DNA replication occurs in the -
a)
mitochondira
b)
nucleus
c)
endoplasmic reticulum
d)
cell membrane
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