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APES Unit 1 - Ecosystems Review

Total questions: 110

Worksheet time: 6hrs 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

An experiment is designed to determine if wheat grows better when it is planted alone or with clover. The design calls for 3 pans of each treatment. Pans A, B, and C contain only wheat. Pans D, E, and F contain clover and wheat planted in alternating rows. Each pan contains a total of

100 seeds. All treatments contain the same type of soil, are planted in the same size pan, are exposed to the same amount of sunlight, and are maintained at the same temperature throughout the course of the experiment.


The treatments planted with only wheat are the

a)

sample size.

b)

control.

c)

environmental variable.

d)

null hypothesis.

e)

replication.

2.

The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

a)

is increasing in part due to fossil fuel use.

b)

has not significantly changed in the past 200 years.

c)

is increasing in part due to deforestation.

d)

has been decreasing since the 1800’s.

e)

can not be reliably measured

3.

The environment refers to

a)

all conditions surrounding us on Earth.

b)

species interactions that affect human life.

c)

conditions that cause negative effects on our health.

d)

interactions that harm the atmosphere.

e)

the sum of all the conditions surrounding us that influence life.

4.

The study of environmental science primarily considers

a)

interactions among human systems and those found in Earth

b)

the effect of human systems

c)

abiotic factors that influence the state of our environment

d)

factors that affect global climate change

5.

An ecosystem is a location on Earth that includes

a)

only biotic components

b)

only abiotic components

c)

interacting biotic and abiotic components

d)

positive and negative feedback loops

6.

Living in a sustainable way refers to

a)

recycling all paper, plastic, and metals

b)

using resources in a way that does not deprive future generations

c)

using Earth's resources efficiently

d)

eating locally whenever possible

7.

Which of the following is a qualitative observation?

a)

15 inches

b)

a liquid

c)

a green solution

d)

6 feet 1 inches

8.

Place the ecology levels of organization in proper order (smallest to largest)

a)

organism > population > community > ecosystem > biosphere

b)

community > organism > ecosystem > biosphere > population

c)

organism > community > biosphere > population > ecosystem

d)

population > biosphere > ecosystem > community > organism

9.

A tapeworm lives in the small intestines where it feeds and grows, robbing the human of essential nutrients. This is a _____ type of relationship.

a)

Commensalism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Symbiotic

d)

Mutualism

10.

The cattle egret follows herds of cattle and eat the insects that the cattle stir up as they move through the grassland. The cattle appear to be unaffected by the egrets. This is a _____ type of relationship.

a)

Commensalism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Symbiotic

d)

Mutualism

11.

A positive feedback loop occurs

a)

when a system responds to a change by returning to its original state

b)

when feedback into a system decreases a rate of response

c)

when a system is in a steady state

d)

when feedback into a system increases a rate of response

12.

Which is a biotic factor?

a)

producers

b)

pH

c)

energy

d)

humidity

13.

What law best relates to energy loss within an ecosystem?

a)

First law of thermodynamics

b)

Second law of thermodynamics

c)

Third law of thermodynamics

d)

Law of conservation of matter

14.

Which best describes the concept of net primary production?

a)

total amount of energy available from the Sun

b)

total amount of cellular respiration conducted within an ecosystem

c)

energy captured minus energy lost

d)

total amount of energy available from the producer

15.

In which biome would you expect to find an area with an average temperature of 10oC and 200 cm of precipitation annually?

a)

Temperate seasonal forest

b)

Temperate rainforest

c)

Woodland/shrubland

d)

Tropical seasonal forest

16.

In which biome would you expect to find an area with an average temperature of 4oC and 50 cm of precipitation annually?

a)

Tundra

b)

Boreal forest

c)

Temperate grassland/cold desert

d)

Woodland/shrubland

17.

What factors are used to classify a biome?

a)

average temperature

b)

average precipitation

c)

distinctive plants adapted to area

d)

all of these are correct

18.

Which biome is characterized by the presence of permafrost?

a)

temperate seasonal forest

b)

woodland/shrubland

c)

tundra

d)

boreal forest

19.

Terrestrial biomes are defined by ____ and ____ variables.

a)

temperature; precipitation

b)

temperature; animals

c)

precipitation; plants

d)

animals; plants

20.

What is a herbivore?

a)

receives energy from the sun

b)

only eats meat

c)

only eats plants

d)

eats both plants and meat

21.

A keystone species is best defined as

a)

an organism that eats all others

b)

an organism that runs the fastest

c)

an organism that keeps the food web stable

d)

an organism that has the most advantages

22.

Which of the following are examples of wetlands?

a)

swamps

b)

marshes

c)

bogs

d)

all of these are correct

23.

Which biome has warm temperatures, high precipitation, and little seasonal variation due to its location near the equator?

a)

Boreal forest

b)

Tropical rainforest

c)

Woodland/shrubland

d)

Subtropical desert

24.

The direction of an arrow in a food chain represents

a)

the flow of energy from organism B to A

b)

the movement of organisms

c)

the directionality of the sun

d)

the flow of energy from organism A to B

25.

What is an omnivore?

a)

receives energy from the sun

b)

only eats meat

c)

only eats plants

d)

eats both plants and meat

26.

Which of the following biogeochemical cycles does not have an atmospheric phase?

a)

Hydrolic Cycle

b)

Nitrogen Cycle

c)

Sulfur Cycle

d)

Carbon Cycle

e)

Phosphorous Cycle

27.

An ecosystem consists of

a)

A physical environment within which a biological community lives

b)

The species with which a biological community interacts

c)

A biological community and its physical environment

d)

the primary producers within a biological community

28.

Producers rely on _____ to release chemical energy and consumers rely on ____ to release chemical energy.

a)

Cellular Respiration; photosynthesis

b)

Cellular Respiration; cellular respiration

c)

photosynthesis; cellular respiration

d)

photosynthesis; photosynthesis

29.

In the Nitrogen cycle, what is one Natural way that Nitrogen gets into our soil?

a)

Fertilizers

b)

Human Waste through septic tanks

c)

Decomposing animals

d)

Industrial waste

30.

In the _____, there is no wet/dry season. But we do see more lower plants with a thicker epidermis..

a)

Tundra

b)

Boreal

c)

Savanna

d)

Desert

e)

Taiga

31.

There are less nutrient rich soils in the Rain Forest due to the dense tree canopy and water runoff.

a)

True

b)

False

32.

Which biome has the lowest average Temperature, and the lowest Precipitation?

a)

Tundra

b)

Savanna

c)

Rainforest

d)

Taiga

33.

Diurnal and Nocturnal creatures share their resources through the use of which of the following processes?

a)

Competition

b)

Resource Partitioning

c)

Different trophic levels

d)

Coevolution

34.

Diurnal and Nocturnal creatures share their resources through the use of which of the following processes?

a)

Competition

b)

Resource Partitioning

c)

Different trophic levels

d)

Coevolution

35.

In a food pyramid, which organism can be found on the bottom?

a)

Primary Consumers

b)

producers

c)

Secondary Consumers

d)

Herbivores

36.

One species benefits and the other is not affected is an example of which symbiotic relationship?

a)

Parasitism

b)

Commensalism

c)

Mutualism

d)

Predation

37.

Human activities such as the ____ release large amounts of Carbon into our atmosphere.

a)

Burning of fossil fuels

b)

burning of wood

c)

use of synthetic fertilizers

d)

use of detergents

38.

The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

a)

is increasing in part due to fossil fuel use.

b)

has not significantly changed in the past 200 years.

c)

is increasing in part due to deforestation.

d)

has been decreasing since the 1800’s.

e)

can not be reliably measured

39.

The cattle egret follows herds of cattle and eat the insects that the cattle stir up as they move through the grassland. The cattle appear to be unaffected by the egrets. This is a _____ type of relationship.

a)

Commensalism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Symbiotic

d)

Mutualism

40.

Most energy on Earth comes from

a)

volcanoes

b)

the sun

c)

trees

d)

water

e)

fire

41.

Exemplified by bees consuming nectar and carrying pollen from one flower to another

a)

Commensalism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Mutualism

d)

Predation

e)

Competition

42.

Which environment is characterized by the highest diversity of tree species?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

43.

Which environment is has permafrost as an underlying subsoil?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

44.

This biome is characterized by long dry seasons and is dominated by grasses, shrubs, and grazing animals.

a)

Savanna

b)

Boreal

c)

Tropical Rainforest

d)

Grassland

45.

The location of the greatest remaining natural biodiversity

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

46.

This freshwater biome is characterized by fast-flowing water that can originate from underground springs or runoff, which carries sediment and organic material.

a)

Coral Reefs

b)

Rivers

c)

Freshwater Wetlands

d)

Open ocean

47.

This biome is considered to have the lowest primary productivity per square area

a)

Open ocean

b)

Wetlands

c)

Coral Reefs

d)

Rivers

48.

The two major processes involved in the carbon cycle are

a)

weathering and erosion

b)

erosion and deposition

c)

evaporation and transpiration

d)

photosynthesis and respiration

e)

fixation and denitrification

49.

The two major processes involved in the nitrogen cycle are

a)

weathering and erosion

b)

erosion and deposition

c)

evaporation and transpiration

d)

photosynthesis and respiration

e)

fixation and denitrification

50.

Select the choice that best fits each statement.

Plant roots absorb ammonium ions and nitrate ions for use in making molecules such as DNA, amino acids, and proteins.

a)

Denitrification

b)

Assimilation

c)

Ammonification

d)

Nitrogen fixation

51.

What is the main difference between phosphorus and the other major cycles?

a)

Phosphorus exists in elemental form

b)

Phosphorus does not have an atmospheric component

c)

The phosphorus cycle occurs very rapidly

d)

Phosphorus is not needed for life

52.

The process in the hydrologic cycle in which water vapor is released from leaves into the atmosphere is called

a)

Transpiration

b)

Precipitation

c)

Photosynthesis

d)

Condensation

53.

In a given ecosystem, producers convert solar energy into 15,000kcal of chemical energy stored in organic compounds. Which of the following is the most likely amount of energy available to primary consumers?

a)

1.5 Kcal

b)

150 kcal

c)

1,500 kcal

d)

13,500 kcal

54.

Which of the following best describes the net primary productivity of an ecosystem?

a)

Net primary productivity is the amount of energy captured by producers through photosynthesis over time.

b)

Net primary productivity is the amount of energy lost by producers through respiration over time.

c)

Net primary productivity is the amount of energy lost through respiration by producers subtracted from the gross primary productivity of an ecosystem.

55.
Identify the cycle pictured.
a)
The Water cycle
b)
The Carbon cycle
c)
The Nitrogen cycle
d)
The Phosphorus cycle
56.
Identify the cycle pictured.
a)
The Water cycle
b)
The Carbon cycle
c)
The Nitrogen cycle
d)
The Phosphorus cycle.
57.
Organisms require nitrogen to make which of the following?
a)
glucose and starch
b)
lipids and nucleic acids
c)
proteins and nucleic acids
d)
carbohydrates and proteins
58.
Where is carbon stored in the environment?
a)
Fossil fuels
b)
Wood of trees
c)
Calcium carbonate (shells and bones)
d)
All of the above
59.
The efficiency of energy transfer from a lower trophic level to the next highest level is roughly
a)
1%
b)
10%
c)
100%
d)
1000%
60.
In the energy pyramid here, how much of the energy in each level gets lost as heat or used by the organism for survival?
a)
80%
b)
90%
c)
10%
d)
20%
61.

An organisms special role or position, such as where it lives, how it eats or behaves, and how it interacts with other organisms and the environment.

a)

ecosystem

b)

food web

c)

habitat

d)

niche

62.

An observer notes that the various birds in her yard feed on are using different parts of the tree for nesting sites and food. This is an example of _______________

a)

division of labor

b)

resource conservation

c)

resource partitioning

d)

mutualism

63.

Which of the following ecosystems experiences harsh conditions due to conditions from tides?

a)

Coral reef

b)

Freshwater wetlands

c)

Open ocean

d)

Intertidal zone

64.

What is the effect of deforestation on the carbon cycle?

a)

Increase in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere

b)

Decrease in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere

c)

Increase in the amount of photosynthesis

d)

Deforestation has no impact on the carbon cycle

65.

The largest reservoir of nitrogen is the:

a)

Oceans

b)

Rivers

c)

Rock, Lithosphere, & Land

d)

Atmosphere

66.

Nitrogen is added to the atmosphere by:

a)

Denitrification

b)

Fixation

c)

Nitrification

d)

Ammonification

67.

Nitrogen is removed from the atmosphere by:

a)

Denitrification

b)

Fixation

c)

Nitrification

d)

Ammonification

68.

Which of the following best illustrates an abiotic factor affecting a biotic component?

a)

Composting manure is added to agriculture

b)

Phosphorous content in soil affecting plant growth

c)

Plants release oxygen into the atmosphere.

d)

Plants preventing soil erosion

69.

If gross primary productivity in a wetland is 3 kg C/m2/year and respiration is 1.5 kg C/m2/year, what is the net Primary Productivity of the wetland?

a)

1.5 kg C/m2/year

b)

2 kg C/m2/year

c)

3 kg C/m2/year

d)

4.5 kg C/m2/year

70.

The gross primary productivity of an ecosystem is?

a)

the total amount of biomass.

b)

the total energy captured by photosynthesis.

c)

the energy captured after accounting for respiration

d)

the energy available to primary consumers.

71.
How to calculate Net Primary Production:
a)
(GPP)(respiration)=NPP
b)
GPP/respiration=NPP
c)
GPP+respiration=NPP
d)
GPP-respiration=NPP
72.

If gross primary productivity is 5 gC/m2yr, and the producers need 1.5 gC/m2yr for their own respiration, what is the net primary productivity?

a)

3.5 gC/m2yr

b)

6.5 gC/m2yr

c)

-3.5 gC/m2yr

d)

7.5 gC/m2yr

73.
What is the only process that removes carbon from the atmosphere?
a)
combustion
b)
cellular respiration
c)
photosynthesis
d)
decomposition
74.
How do animals get nitrogen?
a)
the atmosphere 
b)
eating other organisms
c)
rainwater
d)
lightning 
75.
What happens during the process of nitrogen-fixation?
a)
Nitrogen compounds turn into free nitrogen
b)
Free nitrogen turns into nitrogen compounds
76.
What role do decomposers play in the phosphorous cycle?
a)
absorb phosphorous 
b)
release phosphorous into atmosphere
c)
return phosphorous into the soil
d)
combustion
77.
In this picture, the ZEBRA is the __________________
a)
predator
b)
prey
78.

What does every food chain start with?

a)

producers

b)

sun

c)

consumer

d)

decomposers

79.
These are organisms such as mushrooms and bacteria that break down tissues of dead organisms.
a)
decomposers
b)
producers
c)
autotrophs
d)
algae
80.
The owl receives energy from which organisms?
a)
grasshopper and mouse
b)
mouse and rabbit
c)
rabbit and butterfly
d)
butterfly and frog
81.

What law best relates to energy loss within an ecosystem?

a)

First law of thermodynamics

b)

Second law of thermodynamics

c)

Third law of thermodynamics

d)

Law of conservation of matter

82.

Analyze and interpret the graph. What pattern do you see between the hare and lynx

a)

As the prey density increases the number of predators increase

b)

As the prey density decreases the number of predators increase

c)

As the prey density increases the number of predators decrease

d)

Both the prey density and predator density stay the same.

e)

None of the above

83.

According to the graph, what is causing the deer population to decrease

a)

They got sick

b)

The wolf population is decreasing

c)

The wolf population increased

d)

They ran out of food

84.

Predator population lags behind prey population because......

a)

Increase in predators leads to decrease in prey

b)

Increase in predators leads to increase in prey

c)

Increase in predators leads to decrease in producers

d)

Increase in producers leads to increase in prey

85.
What statement is TRUE about the graph?
a)
The prey is the green line because there needs to be more prey than predators.
b)
The prey is the red line because there needs to be more predators than prey.
c)
The green line is the producers
d)
The red line is the producers
86.

What happens if a population grows past its carrying capacity?

a)

The population keeps growing

b)

The population starts to die off

c)

The entire species will go extinct

d)

The carrying capacity just increases

87.
Phosphorous is needed in organisms for the production of
a)
ADP and ATP.
b)
Cellular membranes.
c)
Deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acids.
d)
All of the answers are correct
88.
Trophic levels are represented by 
a)
squares
b)
circles
c)
pyramids
d)
lines
89.
Eat primary consumers (can be carnivores and omnivores)
a)
Tertiary Consumers
b)
Secondary Consumers
c)
Quaternary Consumers 
d)
Top Predators 
90.
An organism that uses an outside source of energy like the sun to create energy-rich food molecules.
a)
Consumer
b)
Producer
c)
Decomposer
d)
Parasite 
91.

Energy enters a system as sunlight and a producer is able to produce 10 kilograms of tissue. If eaten, the producer would produce about ___ kilograms of a consumer tissue that would provide about ____ kilograms of tissue for a secondary consumer

a)

100; 10

b)

10; 1

c)

100; 1

d)

1; 0.1

92.

At which trophic level are dragonflies that consume mosquitoes that feed on herbivorous mammals?

a)

Primary Producers

b)

Decomposers

c)

Primary Consumers

d)

Secondary Consumers

e)

Tertiary Consumers

93.
What's the role of consumers in a food chain?
a)
Use sunlight to make food 
b)
Eat other species and keep them from overpopulating
c)
Break down dead stuff
d)
Add nutrients to the soil
94.
Which food chain is in the correct order?
a)
cat, grass, bird, snail
b)
bird, snail, grass, cat
c)
grass, snail, bird, cat
d)
grass, cat, bird, snail
95.
In this food web, which two organisms could be harmed if the mouse population were to decrease?
a)
Deer and caterpillar
b)
Wolf and snake
c)
Oak and grass
d)
Hawk and songbird
96.
If the grasshopper were to be removed completely from the food web, what organism would be most effected?
a)
The squirrel
b)
The shrew
c)
The deer
d)
The rabbit
97.
A food pyramid represent the relative amount of energy in trophic levels. Which of the following correctly shows a food pyramid?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
98.
Jacob is going out to his grandparents fram.  On the farm is a stream that he likes to fish at. When he is fishing he sees many differernt speacies of fish as well as maple and oak trees and dragonflies.  What Jacob is seeing is an example of what level of organization?
a)
organism
b)
population
c)
community
d)
ecosystem
99.
Abby is walking to school with her best friend Jaylyn. They begin talking about everything they see including the ash trees, grass, weeds, ants, and people. They also notice how cold it is, how there are several large puffy clouds out, and how the sun is just starting to come up.  What level of organization are they discussing?
a)
community
b)
ecosystem
c)
biome
d)
biosphere
100.
Which of the following would be the most likely effect, if there were a sudden increase in the cricket population?
a)
There would be a decrease in the small bird population.
b)
There would be a decrease in the grass/flowers population.
c)
There would be a decrease in the mice population.
d)
There would be an increase in the grass/flowers population.
101.
What does a food web represent?
a)
All connections of energy flow throughout all organisms in a ecosystem.
b)
The specific ways that mutualism is carried out.
c)
A single pathway or energy flow between organisms. 
d)
How carnivores get their food. 
102.
What might happen if you remove a primary consumer from the ecosystem?
a)
There would be more food for secondary consumers.
b)
The number of primary consumers would increase.
c)
The number of plants would increase.
d)
The number of secondary consumers would increase.
103.
If there is more food than usual in an ecosystem, then...
a)
Populations will stay the same
b)
Populations will decrease
c)
Populations will increase
104.

If there are 100 Kcal of energy available in the producers, how much energy would be available in the primary consumers?

a)

10 Kcal

b)

1 Kcal

c)

100 Kcal

d)

1000 Kcal

105.
In a food web, arrows point at:
a)
who gets energy.
b)
who gets eaten.
106.
What does a food chain represent?
a)
How all living organisms within a habitat are connected.
b)
All of the things that a particular animal eats.
c)
How plants create their own food.
d)
A single path of energy transfer within a habitat.
107.
What does a food web represent?
a)
All connections of energy flow throughout all organisms in a habitat.
b)
The specific ways that mutualism is carried out.
c)
A single pathway or energy flow between organisms. 
d)
How carnivores get their food. 
108.
What are the three types of water ecosystems?
a)
freshwater, saltwater, marine
b)
freshwater, marine, estuarine
c)
freshwater, saltwater, ocean water
d)
none of these are correct
109.
The ecological niches of three bird species are shown in the diagram. What is the advantage of each bird species having a different niche?
a)
As more birds feed higher in the tree, available energy increases.
b)
More abiotic resources are available for each bird.
c)
Predators are less likely to feed on birds in a variety of locations.
d)
There is less competition for food.
110.
For plants, ______ can include sunlight, water, and soil nutrients.
For animals, ______can include nesting space, shelter, types of food, and places to feed.
a)
niche
b)
communities
c)
resources
d)
biomes

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