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WorksheetsIB DP SEHS C.2.1 Motor learning processes
Total questions: 25
Worksheet time: 13mins
Which statement best defines a skill?
A natural movement performed without practice
A learned goal-directed action
A reflexive response to external stimuli
A way of doing
What is the main distinction between ability and skill?
Ability is learned; skill is innate
Ability is innate; skill is learned
Ability can not be improved; skill can be improved
Ability is underpinned by technique; skill does not require technique
In the cognitive stage of learning, performers typically:
Show automatic and efficient movements
Require minimal feedback
Make frequent errors and rely on verbal cues
Perform consistently with little thought
During the associative stage of learning, athletes:
Perform erratically
Begin to refine movement and reduce errors
Cannot detect mistakes
Rely solely on external feedback
Which learning curve shows rapid early improvement followed by slower progress?
Linear
Negatively accelerated
Positively accelerated
Plateau
According to Adams’ closed-loop theory, which trace is used to compare and correct ongoing performance?
Memory trace
Recall trace
Perceptual trace
Schema trace
Schmidt’s Schema Theory suggests that learning occurs through:
Memorising every movement individually
Pre-programming fixed movement sequences
Storing general rules for movement
Ignoring past experiences
A generalised motor pattern (GMP) is best described as:
A specific, refined movement
A foundational movement template
A consciously controlled skill
A feedback mechanism
In open-loop control, movements are:
Slow and feedback-based
Rapid and pre-programmed
Controlled continuously by feedback
Adjusted during performance
The psychological refractory period occurs because:
Muscles require recovery time
The brain processes two stimuli simultaneously
The brain can process only one stimulus at a time
Reaction time increases with training
Which theory explains the psychological refractory period through a processing “bottleneck”?
Dynamical systems theory
Single-channel hypothesis
Ecological model
Open-loop control theory
Which of the following is an example of using the PRP strategically?
Holding your position during play
Faking right before moving left in basketball
Maintaining eye contact during a serve
Slowing play to conserve energy
Which factor most effectively reduces psychological refractory period delay?
Closed-loop feedback
Anticipation and environmental awareness
Fatigue resistance
Increased body mass
Which statement about perception–action coupling is correct?
Perception occurs only after action
It separates sensing and movement
It links sensory input directly to motor response
It slows reaction time
What does affordance refer to in sports performance?
A fixed skill pattern
A mental image of movement
An action opportunity provided by the environment
The delay between stimuli
Which type of transfer describes improvement in performance using the opposite limb?
Ability to skill transfer
Stage to stage transfer
Bilateral transfer
Practice to performance transfer
Which best illustrates practice to performance transfer?
Training free kicks under crowd noise
Developing strength for sprint starts
Kicking with the non-dominant leg
Progressing from the associative to the autonomous stage
When an athlete uses natural balance ability to excel on a surfboard, this demonstrates:
Ability to skill transfer
Stage to stage transfer
Negative transfer
Asymmetric transfer
The constraints-led approach promotes learning by:
Eliminating variability
Following strict step-by-step instructions
Modifying individual, task, or environmental factors
Removing environmental influences
Which is a task constraint example?
Athlete’s motivation
Equipment size
Playing surface
Weather conditions
Non-linear pedagogy focuses on:
Rigid skill progression
Self-organisation and exploration
Coach-centred instruction
Minimising performance variability
What is a major advantage of non-linear pedagogy?
Predictable progress
Fast mastery of isolated techniques
Better adaptability in game situations
Minimal need for coach involvement
Linear pedagogy is most beneficial when:
Athletes already perform autonomously
Introducing beginners to fundamental skills
Coaching elite athletes in unpredictable environments
Teaching creativity and problem-solving
Which of the following is not a stage in Fitts & Posner’s model?
Cognitive
Associative
Reflective
Autonomous
A temporary halt in improvement despite continued practice is called:
Plateau
Regression
Negative transfer
Latency
