The level of data abstraction that describes exactly how the data actually stored.

What is DBMS?

Which of the following is not an example of DBMS?

Monitoring the jobs running on the database, should be supervised by.

The process of creating a model for the data to be stored in a specific format in a database.

Which of the following is classification based on the data model used?

The term is used to refer to a row.

The ability to query data, as well as insert, delete, and alter tuples, is offered by.

Which of the following is a function of the DBMS?

Database Catalogue stores the description of data in a database.

Entity relationship model is an example of conceptual data model.

When a schema at a higher level is changed, only the mappings between this schema and lower-level schemas must be changed.

Redundancy is one of the advantages of Using DBMS.

DBMS such as Microsoft SQL Server, MS-Access and Oracle database.

Logical Data Independence: The capacity to change the conceptual schema without having to change the external schemas and their application programs.

The three-schema architecture consists of external, conceptual, and internal schemas.

Airlines is an example for DBMS applications.

Schema is called extension, whereas state is called intension.

Centralized DBMSs uses a single computer with one database.

is an entity that is existence-dependent on some other entity

is a standardized family of notations for modeling and design of information systems

Data model can store audio, video, and graphics files

Database is a type of database such that all the sites use identical DBMS and operating system

In logical data independence, the capacity is to change the Schema without having to change the external schemas and their application programs

Database includes descriptions of the database structure and the constraints that should hold on the database

model organizes data and uses directed graphs instead of the tree structure

data models describe the database at a very high level to understand the database requirements within the requirements gathering process

include business analysts, scientists, engineers, and others who are familiar with the system capabilities

A DBMS Stores the description of the database

Insulation between programs and data allows changing data storage structures and operations without having to change the DBMS access programs

Data Abstraction is used to explain storage details and present the users with a conceptual view of the database

Concurrency control within the DBMS guarantees that each transaction is correctly executed or completely aborted

Database system is used to increase the data redundancy

Physical data models provide concepts that describe details of how data is stored in the computer

Federated databases are independent in nature and integrated together so that they function as a single database system

Network model can model complex relationships and represents semantics of add/delete on the relationships

Distributed Database Systems are known as client-server-based database systems because they do not support a totally distributed environment, but rather a set of database servers supporting a set of clients

Query and transaction servers provide database query and transaction services to the clients

Hierarchical model is very difficult to construct and operate on

Insulation between programs and data is known as program-data independence.

There are three kinds of data models.

Data modeling is the process of creating a model for the data to be stored in a specific format in a database.

The database schema changes very infrequently while the database state changes every time the database is updated.

In the context of a conceptual model, what is an "attribute"?

If the database system is not able to handle the complexity of data because of modeling limitations, then we had to use DBMS.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a relational database?

What is a "data model" in the context of databases?

Which of the following is a common type of conceptual model used in database design?

Which database model uses a tree-like structure?

Which of the following statements is TRUE about DML?

The Primary key attributes are underlined

Network Data Model: is the advance version of the hierarchical data model

In the formal model, the column header is called an attribute

What does DDL stand for in the context of database management system?

The main concepts of an ER data model are Entities, attributes and classes

In an ER diagram, what symbol is commonly used to represent an entity?

List of attributes/columns of the table is Optional data dictionary elements

What is a data dictionary in the context of a database?

In an Entity-Relationship (ER) model, what does an “entity” represent?

A collection of related data:

Known facts that can be recorded and have an implicit meaning

The DBMS software together with the data itself.

The database users may be:

Responsible for authorizing access to the database:

Responsible to define the content, the structure, the constraints, and functions or transactions against the database:

They use the data for queries, reports, and some of them update the database content

The actors on the scene may be:

A user can access the database occasionally when needed

Users can use previously well-defined functions in the form of canned transactions against the database.

Users are business analysts, scientists, engineers, others thoroughly familiar with the system capabilities

Users maintain personal databases using ready-to-use packaged applications.

A set of concepts to describe the structure of a database.

Provide concepts that are close to the way many users perceive data

Provide concepts that describe details of how data is stored in the computer.

Provide concepts that fall between the conceptual and physical data models.

The capacity to change the internal schema without having to change the conceptual schema

The DBMS languages are

Refers to the database state when it is initially loaded into the system

Insulation between programs and data is known as program-data independence.

If the database system is not able to handle the complexity of data because of modeling limitations, then we have to use DBMS.

Total constraints shown in EER diagrams by a single line.

Specialization usually is total because the superclass is derived from the subclasses.

Generalization is the reverse of the specialization process.

________ is translated information into an efficient form as known facts to be processed, recorded, and stored by a computer system.

________ is data that has been processed into an implicit meaningful form.

A ________ is an organized collection of data.

A --------- is an organized collection of related sets of data that are managed to enable the user to view the complete collection or any logical subset of the collection as a single unit.

A database is an integrated collection of __________.

--------- is a software package/system to create and maintain a computerized database.

A __________ database management system is referred to as a relational model.

--------- is considered as a computerized record-keeping system, including the DBMS.

A database management system is a software package with computer programs that controls the __________.

Application Areas of DBMS ---------

Examples of DBMS---------

-------- A data model is used to hide storage details and present the users with a conceptual view of the database.

When the same piece of data is stored in two or more locations, it is called _____________.

________ prevents creating multiple copies in the database.

________ means that the data is accurate and consistent in the database.

__________ is a Database Management System that allows access to single files or tables at a time.

----- responsible for defining the content, the structure, the constraints, and functions or transactions against the database. They must communicate with the end-users and understand their needs.

Which category of end-users occasionally accesses the database when needed?

Naïve or Parametric end-users typically use which type of transactions?

Which category of end-users includes business analysts and engineers familiar with the system capabilities?

Stand-alone users primarily:

An example of a Stand-alone user is:

Categories of Data Models:

--------- data models Describe the database at a very high level to understand the database requirements within the requirements gathering process

------modules organize data in the tree-like structure.

---------Data Model: is the advanced version of the hierarchical data model.

---organize data it uses directed graphs instead of the tree structure.

---model can store audio, video, and graphics files.

---The description of a database. Includes descriptions of the database structure and the constraints that should hold on the database.

diagrammatic display of (some aspects of) a database schema.

The actual data is stored in a database at a particular moment in time. Also called database state (or occurrence).

Which language is used to specify the conceptual schema of a database?

Which language is used to define internal and external schemas?

Data Manipulation Language (DML) allows:

Low-level (procedural) DML commands are typically embedded in:

High-level (nonprocedural) DML commands are also known as:

High-level (non-procedural) languages, such as SQL, are also referred to as:

Which of the following best describes low-level (procedural) languages?

High-level languages like SQL are:

Which type of language includes constructs such as looping and focuses on the step-by-step process to retrieve data?

An example of a high-level, non-procedural language is:

Which of the following is a stand-alone DBMS interface?

Which of the following is an example of a user-friendly DBMS interface?

Natural language interfaces allow users to:

What is the primary purpose of DBMS interfaces for the DBA?

The main concepts of an ER data model are:

For a type where the rectangle is doubled, identify the correct entity type.

The attribute may be composed of several components.

Constraints on Relationship Types:

Relationship types of degree:

The unique field present in the table is called ________.

When the primary key is applied on multiple columns is known as _________.

By default if the primary key is not defined that column is known as __________.

__________ key can store multiple same records in the table.

Based on the diagram showing a central DBMS connected to a database and to user/app boxes via lines, which component mediates between users/apps and the database when accessing data through APIs?

In the DBA architecture with three levels, if you need to add a new user view without changing how data are stored, which level should be modified?

In the three-schema architecture diagram, which schema is closest to the stored database and describes physical storage structures?

Schemas versus instances: Using the side-by-side example where one view lists attribute names (e.g., CourseName, CreditHours) and the other shows populated rows, which statement best distinguishes a schema from an instance?

In the two tier architecture shown, clients connect directly to which component to issue queries and receive results?

In the three tier client-server architecture, to scale business logic without requiring changes to clients or the database server, which layer should be replicated or scaled?

According to the distributed environments diagram, when all sites use identical DBMS and operating systems, what is the system classified as?

An organization’s sites all use the same DBMS and operating system, and each site’s database operates independently. Which classifications simultaneously apply to this distributed database environment?

Types of data models: Which of the following are standard data model types commonly described in database systems?