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WorksheetsModule 3/4 Practice Questions
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 10mins
In a patient with pneumonia and high fever, the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve will shift:
Left, promoting oxygen binding to Hgb
Right, promoting oxygen release from Hgb
Left, promoting oxygen release from Hgb
Right, promoting oxygen binding to Hgb
The primary stimulus for respiration in healthy individuals is:
PaO2 levels sensed by the peripheral chemoreceptors
PaCO2 levels sensed by central chemoreceptors
pH changes detected by peripheral baroreceptors
Oxygen saturation sensed by central baroreceptors
Administration of high-flow oxygen to a COPD patient may cause hypoventilation because:
The hypoxic drive is suppressed
The oxyhemoglobin curve shifts left
The V/Q ratio is high
The peripheral chemoreceptors are non-functioning
The majority of oxygen in blood is transported:
Dissolved in plasma
Bound to plasma proteins
Bound to hemoglobin
Dissolved in the interstitial fluid
The main pathologic change in emphysema is:
Alveolar wall destruction and loss of elastic recoil
Airway fibrosis
Mucus gland hyperplasia
Increased ciliary activity
In COPD, the V/Q mismatch occurs primarily because:
Ventilation exceeds perfusion throughout the lung
Pulmonary blood flow is inadequate
Low oxygen saturation
Some alveoli are well perfused but poorly ventilated
A patient with a pulmonary embolism will exhibit:
Normal V/Q ratio
Low V/Q ratio
High V/Q ratio
No ventilation
Which spirometry pattern is characteristic of COPD?
High FEV₁/FVC ratio
Normal FEV1
Low FEV1, normal FEV1/FVC ratio
Low FEV1, low FEV1/FVC ratio
Hypoventilation causes:
Respiratory alkalosis
Normal PaO₂ and PaCO₂
Increased PaO₂ and decreased PaCO₂
Decreased PaO₂ and increased PaCO₂
The pathophysiology of lung damage in AAT deficiency results from:
Increased alveolar macrophage activity
Excess collagen deposition in alveoli
Unopposed elastase activity
Free radical damage from smoking
In COPD, secondary polycythemia develops as a compensatory response to:
Chronic hypoxemia
Increased iron absorption
Chronic hypercapnia
Tachycardia (elevated heart rate)
A patient with left-sided forward heart failure is confused, dizzy, and has pale, clammy skin. Which compensatory mechanism explains the tachycardia observed in this patient?
ADH release increasing preload
SNS activation in response to baroreceptor detection of low systemic pressure
Pulmonary vasoconstriction to reduce hydrostatic pressure
Peripheral edema increasing venous return
When assessing a patient with right-sided HF, the nurse would expect to find edema:
in gravity-dependent areas.
in the hands and fingers.
around the eyes.
when the patient is lying down.
A 74-year-old patient with chronic pulmonary hypertension presents with JVD, hepatomegaly, and weight gain. The lungs are clear, and oxygen saturation is normal. Which type of heart failure does this most likely represent?
Right-sided backward failure
Right-sided forward failure
Left-sided backward failure
Left-sided forward failure
Which is correct regarding the cardiac cycle?
Blood that has a high amount of oxygen enters the left atrium.
Blood that has a high amount of oxygen enters the right ventricle.
The highest pressure is found in the right ventricle of the heart.
The mitral valve allows for bidirectional blood flow.
A patient is brought to the emergency room with a suspected myocardial infarction. The patient is upset because they had just had an ECG in their provider’s office and it was fine. The explanation of this common phenomenon would include the fact that the ECG:
only reflects changes in cardiac output.
is not a very accurate test.
only measures the flow of electrical current through the heart.
is not related to the heart problems.
A nurse would instruct a patient taking digoxin (Lanoxin) for the treatment of HF to take which action?
Make up any missed doses the next day.
Report changes in heart rate.
Avoid exposure to the sun.
Avoid potassium supplements.
A 68-year-old patient with chronic hypertension presents with orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Crackles are auscultated bilaterally in the lung bases. Which pathophysiological mechanism is most responsible for these findings?
RAAS-mediated volume overload
Blood backing up into pulmonary veins due to weak LV systolic function
Stiff LV causing reduced stroke volume
Weak RV failing to deliver blood to the lungs
A patient with left-sided forward failure has oliguria and weight gain. Which compensatory system is most directly responsible?
SNS activation causes HR to increase
RAAS activation causes sodium and water retention
Pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure leads to pulmonary edema
Weak RV output decreases LV filling
A patient suddenly stands up and becomes dizzy from a brief drop in blood pressure. Baroreceptors respond by:
Detecting decreased stretch in the carotid sinus and aortic arch and signaling the medulla to increase sympathetic activity
Detecting high CO₂ levels and triggering vasodilation to lower heart rate.
Sensing low oxygen levels and directly stimulating the SA node.
Sensing low venous pressure and releasing aldosterone to raise blood volume.
