WorksheetsBiologically Important Molecules
Total questions: 54
Worksheet time: 28mins
Which of the following is NOT a major function of biologically important molecules in living things?
A) Energy storage
B) Cellular structure
C) Cellular regulation and communication
D) Photosynthesis
E) Information storage and transfer
Which elements are commonly found in carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Match the following molecules to their type:
Simple carbohydrate
Glucose
Protein
Peptide
Lipid
Triglyceride
Nucleic Acid
RNA
Which functional group is found in alcohols such as ethanol and is polar, enabling hydrogen bonds with water to help dissolve molecules?
Hydroxyl group
Carboxyl group
Amino group
Methyl group
Which two functional groups are present in carbohydrates and energy reactions?
Keto group
Amino group
Carboxyl group
Hydroxyl group
Which functional group is acidic, ionizes in living tissues to form —COO⁻ and H⁺, and is found in fatty acids?
Carboxyl group
Amino group
Hydroxyl group
Phosphate group
Which functional group is basic, accepts H⁺ in living tissues to form —NH₃⁺, and is found in proteins?
Amino group
Carboxyl group
Hydroxyl group
Phosphate group
Which functional group is negatively charged, enters into condensation/dehydration synthesis reactions by giving up —OH, and is found in nucleic acid and phospholipids?
Phosphate group
Carboxyl group
Amino group
Sulfhydryl group
Which functional group can react to form a disulfide bridge (S—S), thus stabilizing tertiary and quaternary protein structure?
Sulfhydryl group
Carboxyl group
Amino group
Phosphate group
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acid
Monosaccharides
Lipids
Nucleotides
What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?
Amino acid
Monosaccharides
Lipids
Nucleotides
What are the building blocks of nucleic acid?
Amino acid
Monosaccharides
Lipids
Nucleotides
What is the general formula for carbohydrates as mentioned in the passage?
Cn(H2O)n
CH4
C6H12O6
H2O
Fill in the blank: Glucose is the immediate source of ______ for your cells.
energy
protein
oxygen
vitamin
Match the following types of carbohydrates with their description:
Found as single rings
Monosaccharides
Found as double rings
Disaccharides
3+ rings
Polysaccharides
Every carbon in a glucose molecule has an oxygen attached to it.
True
False
Which of the following is NOT an example of a polysaccharide?
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
Glucose
Name the chemical bonds that connects two monosaccharides together?
Glycosidic bond (covalent bond)
hydrogen
ionic
peptide
Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid made and used by living organisms?
A) Triglyceride fats
B) Phospholipids
C) Steroids
D) Glucose
What is the main characteristic shared by all lipids?
They are all hydrophobic and insoluble in water.
They are all composed of amino acids.
They all contain nitrogen.
They are all soluble in water.
What are the two components of triglyceride fats?
Glycerol and fatty acids
Glucose and amino acids
Phosphate and nucleotides
Cholesterol and proteins
Which type of fatty acid contains only single bonds between carbon atoms?
Saturated
Unsaturated
What are the 4 components of triglyceride fats?
Glycerol and three fatty acids
Glycerol and three amino acids
Glycerol and three glucose molecules
Glycerol and three phosphate groups
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms; unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.
Saturated fatty acids have more oxygen atoms than unsaturated fatty acids.
Unsaturated fatty acids have no hydrogen atoms; saturated fatty acids have hydrogen atoms.
Saturated fatty acids are always liquid at room temperature; unsaturated fatty acids are always solid.
Name three steroid molecules that are important in cells.
Testosterone, cortisol, estrogen
Glucose, insulin, hemoglobin
ATP, DNA, RNA
Collagen, keratin, elastin
What are the two types of nucleic acids found in most organisms?
RNA and DNA
Glucose and Fructose
ATP and ADP
Protein and Lipid
Which nitrogenous bases are found in DNA?
Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
Adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
Adenine, guanine, uracil, thymine
Adenine, cytosine, uracil, thymine
Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?
Uracil
Thymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Why are these sugars called pentoses?
Because they have 5 carbons arranged in a ring shape.
Because they have 6 carbons arranged in a straight chain.
Because they contain nitrogen atoms.
Because they are made up of two sugar units.
Match the following nitrogenous bases to their correct category:
Adenine
Purines
Guanine
Purines
Uracil
Pyrimidines
Thymine
Pyrimidines
Cytosine
Pyrimidines
Refer to the diagram of Ribose and Deoxyribose. Which of the following is a difference between ribose and deoxyribose?
Ribose has an -OH group on the 2' carbon, while deoxyribose has an -H group.
Deoxyribose has an -OH group on the 2' carbon, while ribose has an -H group.
Both have an -OH group on the 2' carbon.
Both have an -H group on the 2' carbon.
When a nitrogenous base is attached to a 5-carbon sugar, what is the resulting molecule called?
Nucleotide
Nucleoside
Phosphate
Adenosine
Fill in the blank: Nucleosides can combine with one, two, or three _______ to form a nucleotide.
phosphates
sugars
amino acids
bases
The greater the number of phosphates in a nucleotide, the greater the energy contained in the molecule.
True
False
Which molecule acts as a second messenger in cellular signaling pathways?
ATP
cAMP
ADP
AMP
Fill in the blank: Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is an intermediate molecule that is _______ (has a phosphate group attached) in many metabolic pathways.
phosphorylated
oxidized
hydrolyzed
acetylated
Refer to the diagram of ATP. Which of the following components are present in ATP?
Nitrogenous base (adenine), 5-carbon sugar (ribose), and three phosphate groups
Nitrogenous base (adenine), 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), and two phosphate groups
Nitrogenous base (guanine), 5-carbon sugar (ribose), and three phosphate groups
Nitrogenous base (adenine), 5-carbon sugar (ribose), and one phosphate group
How many nitrogenous bases are purines?
2
3
4
1
Match the protein function with its example:
Defense
Antibodies
Transport of molecules
Hemoglobin
Enzymes
Catalase
Storage of amino acids
Ferritin
Refer to the diagram of a generalized amino acid. Which group is found on the left side of the central carbon?
Amino group
Carboxyl group
Side chain
Peptide bond
Refer to the diagram of a generalized amino acid. What is the variable group that differs among the 20 amino acids called?
Amino group
Carboxyl group
R group (Side chain)
Peptide bond
When two amino acids are joined together through dehydration synthesis, what is the resulting molecule called?
Dipeptide
Polypeptide
Monosaccharide
Triglyceride
Name the reaction in which a water molecule is lost between two adjacent amino acids to form a dipeptide? Two correct answers.
Dipeptide
Hydrolysis
Dehydration synthesis
condensation reaction
Identify the reaction in which a water molecule is lost between a glycerol and a fatty acid ? Two correct answers.
Dipeptide
Hydrolysis
Dehydration synthesis
condensation reaction
Identify the bond marked in red that links the glycerol and the fatty acids together ?
Peptide bond
Glycosidic linkage
Diester bond
Hydrogen bond
The peptide bond is formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid during dehydration synthesis.
True
False
Which of the following groups is NOT typically labeled in the structure of a generalized amino acid?
Amino group
Carboxyl group
Central carbon
Phosphate group
What atoms comprise the backbone of each amino acid.
The backbone atoms of each amino acid are the nitrogen, alpha carbon, and carbonyl carbon.
The backbone atoms of each amino acid are the side chain atoms only.
The backbone atoms of each amino acid are the hydrogen and oxygen atoms only.
The backbone atoms of each amino acid are the sulfur and phosphorus atoms.
Look at the chemical structure in the bottom left box. Which biologically important molecule does this structure represent?
Glucose
Cholesterol
Amino acid
Fatty acid
Identify the type of reaction taking place in the picture?
Hydrolysis
Dehydration synthesis
Identify the type of reaction taking place in the picture?
Hydrolysis
Dehydration synthesis
What bonds stabilize the secondary structure of proteins?
Peptide bond
Hydrogen bonds between side chains
Hydrogen bonds between functional groups
Hydrophobic interactions, hydrophilic interactions, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds between side chains
What bonds stabilize the Tertiary structure of proteins?
Peptide bond
Hydrogen bonds between side chains
Hydrogen bonds between functional groups
Hydrophobic interactions, hydrophilic interactions, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds between side chains
What type of protein structure gets affected during protein denaturation?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
