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Module 2.2 - Cognitive Processes

Total questions: 39

Worksheet time: 20mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the term for the mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses?

a)

Cognition

b)

Schema

c)

Algorithm

d)

Fixation

2.

Which term refers to thinking about one's own thinking processes?

a)

Metacognition

b)

Intuition

c)

Insight

d)

Creativity

3.

What is a mental grouping of similar objects, events, or people called?

a)

Concept

b)

Prototype

c)

Heuristic

d)

Nudge

4.

Which term describes a best example or typical representation of a concept?

a)

Prototype

b)

Schema

c)

Algorithm

d)

Mental Set

5.

What is a framework or structure that organizes and interprets information called?

a)

Schema

b)

Fixation

c)

Insight

d)

Framing

6.

Which process involves incorporating new information into existing schemas?

a)

Assimilation

b)

Accommodation

c)

Convergent Thinking

d)

Divergent Thinking

7.

What is the process of modifying existing schemas to fit new information?

a)

Accommodation

b)

Assimilation

c)

Algorithm

d)

Heuristic

8.

Which term refers to the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas?

a)

Creativity

b)

Intuition

c)

Fixation

d)

Framing

9.

What type of thinking involves finding a single, correct solution to a problem?

a)

Convergent Thinking

b)

Divergent Thinking

c)

Insight

d)

Intuition

10.

Which type of thinking involves generating multiple possible solutions to a problem?

a)

Divergent Thinking

b)

Convergent Thinking

c)

Fixation

d)

Algorithm

11.

What are higher-order cognitive processes that include planning, decision-making, and self-control called?

a)

Executive Functions

b)

Heuristic

c)

Nudge

d)

Framing

12.

Which problem-solving strategy involves following a step-by-step procedure that guarantees a solution?

a)

Algorithm

b)

Heuristic

c)

Intuition

d)

Insight

13.

What is a simple, efficient rule or mental shortcut used to make decisions called?

a)

Heuristic

b)

Algorithm

c)

Prototype

d)

Schema

14.

Which heuristic involves judging the likelihood of things based on how well they match particular prototypes?

a)

Representativeness Heuristic

b)

Availability Heuristic

c)

Confirmation Bias

d)

Framing

15.

What is the tendency to search for information that supports one's preconceptions called?

a)

Confirmation Bias

b)

Fixation

c)

Mental Set

d)

Overconfidence

16.

Which term describes the inability to see a problem from a new perspective?

a)

Fixation

b)

Insight

c)

Intuition

d)

Nudge

17.

What is a tendency to approach problems using a method that has worked previously called?

a)

Mental Set

b)

Algorithm

c)

Heuristic

d)

Framing

18.

Which term refers to an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought?

a)

Intuition

b)

Insight

c)

Creativity

d)

Fixation

19.

What is a sudden realization of a problem's solution called?

a)

Insight

b)

Intuition

c)

Fixation

d)

Nudge

20.

Which heuristic involves estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory?

a)

Availability Heuristic

b)

Representativeness Heuristic

c)

Confirmation Bias

d)

Framing

21.

What is the tendency to be more confident than correct in one's judgments called?

a)

Overconfidence

b)

Belief Perseverance

c)

Fixation

d)

Intuition

22.

Which term describes clinging to one's initial beliefs even after they have been discredited?

a)

Belief Perseverance

b)

Confirmation Bias

c)

Framing

d)

Nudge

23.

What is the way an issue is posed, which can significantly affect decisions and judgments?

a)

Framing

b)

Nudge

c)

Schema

d)

Fixation

24.

Which term refers to a subtle change in the environment that influences behavior or decision-making?

a)

Nudge

b)

Framing

c)

Insight

d)

Intuition

25.

Given a scenario where a student uses a step-by-step procedure to solve a math problem, which cognitive strategy are they using?

a)

Algorithm

b)

Heuristic

c)

Intuition

d)

Fixation

26.

If someone judges a person as a librarian because they match the stereotype of a librarian, which heuristic are they using?

a)

Representativeness Heuristic

b)

Availability Heuristic

c)

Confirmation Bias

d)

Mental Set

27.

A person continues to believe in a health myth even after being shown scientific evidence disproving it. Which cognitive bias does this illustrate?

a)

Belief Perseverance

b)

Overconfidence

c)

Fixation

d)

Framing

28.

When a teacher presents a math problem in a way that makes it seem more difficult, which concept is being demonstrated?

a)

Framing

b)

Nudge

c)

Schema

d)

Insight

29.

A student is trying to solve a puzzle and suddenly realizes the solution after struggling for a while. Which cognitive process is this an example of?

a)

Insight

b)

Intuition

c)

Fixation

d)

Mental Set

30.

A company places healthy snacks at eye level to encourage better eating habits. Which concept does this illustrate?

a)

Nudge

b)

Framing

c)

Heuristic

d)

Algorithm

31.
Advertisers know that a thirty-three percent discount sounds like a better deal than a discount of one third.  This best illustrates:
a)
framing.
b)
belief bias.
c)
representativeness heuristics.
d)
confirmation bias.
32.
When people have the tendency to think they know more than they do
a)
Intuition
b)
Hindsight bias
c)
Overconfidence
d)
Perceiving order in random events
33.
Airline reservations typically decline after a highly publicized airplane crash because people overestimate the incidence of such disasters. In such instances, people’s decisions are being influenced by:
a)
Belief bias
b)
The availability heuristic
c)
The representativeness heuristic
d)
Functional fixedness
34.

It happens when the existing schema does not work and needs to be changed

a)

Cognition

b)

Schema

c)

Assimilation

d)

Accommodation

35.

When asked to think of a “desk,” many students think of the desks in their classroom rather than a large desk used by an executive. This scenario best illustrates

a)

a prototype.

b)

metacognition.

c)

convergent thinking.

d)

functional fixedness.

36.

Dr. Hansel studies the cognitive frameworks that help us organize and interpret new information in memory. These frameworks are referred to as

a)

prototypes.

b)

heuristics.

c)

schemas.

d)

intuition.

37.

Which of the following illustrates a heuristic?

a)

Calculating the area of a rectangle by multiplying the length times the width

b)

Using three dramatic news reports of corporate fraud to estimate how often business fraud occurs

c)

Following a new recipe to bake a cake for your friend

d)

Trying every key on your mom’s key ring until you find the one that unlocks the seldom-used storeroom in the basement

38.

What is a mental shortcut that allows people to solve problems and make judgments quickly?

a)

Algorithm

b)

Heuristic

c)

Cognitive map

d)

Schema

39.

The tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses is known as:

a)

Functional fixedness

b)

Confirmation bias

c)

The misinformation effect

d)

Cognitive dissonance