WorksheetsBenchmark 1 Review >:(
Total questions: 59
Worksheet time: 30mins
Which key component is absent in a prokaryotic cell but present in a eukaryotic cell?
Genetic material (DNA)
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Which descriptor pair applies to eukaryotic cells?
Complex, large
Simple, small
Simple, large
According to the information, Bacteria is an example of which cell type?
Eukaryotic
Plant
Prokaryotic
A prokaryotic cell is characterized by being...
Simple and small
Complex and large
Having a nucleus
Which structure HAS membrane-bound organelles (like mitochondria)?
Prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell
Simple cell
Which of these is a definitive characteristic of a prokaryotic cell?
NO nucleus
HAS nucleus
HAS organelles
Plant and Animal cells are listed as examples of which cell type?
Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
Which statement is true regarding membrane-bound organelles?
Eukaryotic cells have them
Prokaryotic cells have them
Both cell types have them
A virus is often classified as non-living because it:
Needs a host to reproduce
Can do Mitosis
Can combine with millions of viruses to make one big mega virus.
What two types of molecules make up the core structure of a virus?
Lipids + Carbohydrates
Protein + Carbohydrates
DNA/RNA + Protein
What is the name of the protein coat that surrounds the genetic material (DNA/RNA) of a virus?
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Capsid
According to the information, a virus is considered:
A simple, living prokaryote
Non-living (needs a host)
A complex, living eukaryote
What is the process where stem cells become specific cell types (nerve, muscle, etc.) called?
Cell Respiration
Genetic Mutation
Cell Specialization (Differentiation)
What is the primary mechanism that allows a specialized cell to have a unique function, even though all cells have the same DNA?
Hint: The genes for Muscle Growth dont turn ON unless you actually start working out.
The cell creates entirely new DNA sequences.
Different genes are "turned on or off" to make specific proteins.
The cell gets extra DNA for no reason
The turning on or off of specific genes during specialization leads directly to the making of what?
New cell nuclei
Specific proteins
Extra strands of DNA
Before specialization occurs, what type of cell is capable of developing into various specialized cell types?
Muscle cells
Stem cells
Nerve cells
According to the information, what is true about the DNA content of all specialized cells (nerve, muscle, etc.)?
Hint: if you do a crime, and you leave 1 cell behind. You are leaving a copy of your entire 46 chromosomes in that one cell.
Each cell type has a unique set of DNA.
The DNA is deleted during specialization.
All cells have the same DNA.
Cell Specialization is also known by what other term?
Hint: Specialized Cell is a term for Any body cell. All your cells are specialized except Stem cells.
Replication
Synthesis
Cell Differentiation
What is the monomer (building block) of Carbohydrates?
Amino Acid
Monosaccharide
Nucleotide
Which biomolecule's primary function includes Long-term Energy and forming the Cell membrane?
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
The monomer for Proteins is a(n):
Monosaccharide
Amino Acid
Fatty Acid
The main function of Nucleic Acids is to:
Provide quick energy
Store Genetic code (DNA/RNA)
Build and run the cell
Which biomolecule is primarily used by the body for Quick Energy?
Carbs
Proteins
Lipids
A molecule composed of a Fatty Acid monomer is classified as a:
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Lipid
Which type of biomolecule has the functions of running the cell, acting as Enzymes, and helping to Build structures?
Carbs
Proteins
Lipids
What is the monomer (building block) of Nucleic Acids?
Fatty Acid
Nucleotide
Monosaccharide
Enzymes are a type of biomolecule that acts as a
Fat
Catalyst
Racecar
What is the main function of an enzyme as a catalyst?
To stop chemical reactions
To speed up reactions by lowering activation energy
To increase the temperature of a reaction
The specific site on an enzyme where only one type of substrate fits is called the:
Lock
Active Site
Fortnite
Enzymes are described as specific, following a principle known as:
Monomer/Polymer pairing
Lock & Key
Mario Kart/ Fortnite
An enzyme can lose its shape, a process called Denaturation, due to changes in what two environmental factors?
Substrate and Water
Temperature or pH
Activation Energy and Time
When an enzyme is Denatured, it loses its:
Substrate
Shape
Activation Energy
What is the main goal of PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
Break down food (glucose) to make cell energy (ATP).
Use light energy to make food (glucose).
Convert carbon dioxide to water.
Which organelle is the site where PHOTOSYNTHESIS occurs?
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Nucleus
What are the reactants (inputs) for the Cellular Respiration equation?
Carbon Dioxide and Water
Sugar and Oxygen
Sugar and Carbon Dioxide.
According to the notes, which organisms perform Cellular Respiration?
Plants only
All Eukaryotes
Viruses and Bacteria
What is the primary product (output) of Cellular Respiration that serves as the cell's energy source?
ATP
Water
Carbon Dioxide
The equations for Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration are connected because:
They both require light energy to start.
They both occur only in the mitochondria.
The products of one are the reactants of the other.
Which statement correctly describes the products of Photosynthesis?
Glucose and Carbon Dioxide
Glucose and Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide and ATP
What is the primary purpose of the Cell Cycle, specifically Mitosis, as noted in the information?
To create sex cells for reproduction
Growth & Repair
To generate chemical energy (ATP)
The result of the Mitosis cycle is two cells that are:
A) Genetically unique haploid (n) cells
Identical diploid (2n) body cells
Half the size of the original cell
Which phase of the Cell Cycle is the longest and involves the cell growing and replicating its DNA?
M-Phase
Cytokinesis
Interphase
During which specific part of Interphase does the process of DNA Replication (Synthesis) occur?
G1
S
G2
What happens during the process of Cytokinesis?
The nucleus divides (PMAT)
The cytoplasm divides
DNA is replicated
The M-Phase (Mitosis) specifically refers to the division of which cellular component?
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
What is cancer defined as?
Controlled growth of specialized cells
Uncontrolled cell division
The process of DNA replication
A disruption in which critical part of the cell cycle is the cause of cancer?
Remember Cancer ignores Checkpoints
Cytokinesis (cytoplasm division)
Interphase (growth phase)
Checkpoints
What is the stated result of uncontrolled cell division?
A healthy, specialized cell
Tumor
A successful DNA synthesis phase
What is the main reason a cancer cell divides uncontrollably?
It has created new, healthy DNA.
A mutation has disrupted the cell cycle's regulatory mechanism.
The cell is attempting to create sex cells.
What is the mass of abnormal cells that results from cancer?
A specialized cell
A prokaryote
A tumor
What is the defining structure of the DNA molecule?
Single Strand
Double Helix
Protein Coat
Which three components make up the monomer (nucleotide) of DNA?
Sugar, Amino Acid, Base
Sugar, Phosphate, Base
Fatty Acid, Phosphate, Base
During which specific phase of the cell cycle does DNA Replication occur?
G2-Phase
S-Phase
M-Phase
In DNA, which pair of bases correctly joins together?
Adenine (A) and Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G)
Adenine (A) and Cytosine (C)
What is the final result of the DNA Replication process?
Two unique DNA molecules
Two identical DNA molecules
One DNA molecule and one protein coat
What is the primary purpose of Meiosis?
To create body (somatic) cells for growth and repair.
To make gametes (sperm/egg).
To create new organelles for the cell.
The final result of the Meiosis process is four cells that are described as:
Identical diploid (2n) cells
Unique haploid (n) cells
Identical diploid (4n) cells
What process involves the exchange of genetic material between chromosomes, which shuffles genes to increase genetic variation?
Cell Cycle
Crossing Over
DNA Replication
How many divisions does a single cell undergo during the Meiosis process?
One division
Two divisions
