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Benchmark 1 Review >:(

Total questions: 59

Worksheet time: 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which key component is absent in a prokaryotic cell but present in a eukaryotic cell?

a)

Genetic material (DNA)

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cytoplasm

2.

Which descriptor pair applies to eukaryotic cells?

a)

Complex, large

b)

Simple, small

c)
  • Simple, large

3.

According to the information, Bacteria is an example of which cell type?

a)

Eukaryotic

b)

Plant

c)

Prokaryotic

4.

A prokaryotic cell is characterized by being...

a)

Simple and small

b)

Complex and large

c)

Having a nucleus

5.

Which structure HAS membrane-bound organelles (like mitochondria)?

a)

Prokaryotic cell

b)

Eukaryotic cell

c)

Simple cell

6.

Which of these is a definitive characteristic of a prokaryotic cell?

a)

NO nucleus

b)

HAS nucleus

c)

HAS organelles

7.

Plant and Animal cells are listed as examples of which cell type?

a)

Prokaryotic cells

b)

Eukaryotic cells

8.

Which statement is true regarding membrane-bound organelles?

a)

Eukaryotic cells have them

b)

Prokaryotic cells have them

c)

Both cell types have them

9.

A virus is often classified as non-living because it:

a)

Needs a host to reproduce

b)

Can do Mitosis

c)

Can combine with millions of viruses to make one big mega virus.

10.

What two types of molecules make up the core structure of a virus?

a)

Lipids + Carbohydrates

b)

Protein + Carbohydrates

c)

DNA/RNA + Protein

11.

What is the name of the protein coat that surrounds the genetic material (DNA/RNA) of a virus?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Cell Membrane

c)

Capsid

12.

According to the information, a virus is considered:

a)

A simple, living prokaryote

b)

Non-living (needs a host)

c)

A complex, living eukaryote

13.

What is the process where stem cells become specific cell types (nerve, muscle, etc.) called?

a)

Cell Respiration

b)

Genetic Mutation

c)

Cell Specialization (Differentiation)

14.

What is the primary mechanism that allows a specialized cell to have a unique function, even though all cells have the same DNA?

Hint: The genes for Muscle Growth dont turn ON unless you actually start working out.

a)

The cell creates entirely new DNA sequences.

b)

Different genes are "turned on or off" to make specific proteins.

c)

The cell gets extra DNA for no reason

15.

The turning on or off of specific genes during specialization leads directly to the making of what?

a)

New cell nuclei

b)

Specific proteins

c)

Extra strands of DNA

16.

Before specialization occurs, what type of cell is capable of developing into various specialized cell types?

a)

Muscle cells

b)
  • Stem cells

c)

Nerve cells

17.

According to the information, what is true about the DNA content of all specialized cells (nerve, muscle, etc.)?

Hint: if you do a crime, and you leave 1 cell behind. You are leaving a copy of your entire 46 chromosomes in that one cell.

a)

Each cell type has a unique set of DNA.

b)

The DNA is deleted during specialization.

c)

All cells have the same DNA.

18.

Cell Specialization is also known by what other term?

Hint: Specialized Cell is a term for Any body cell. All your cells are specialized except Stem cells.

a)

Replication

b)

Synthesis

c)

Cell Differentiation

19.

What is the monomer (building block) of Carbohydrates?

a)
  • Amino Acid

b)

Monosaccharide

c)

Nucleotide

20.

Which biomolecule's primary function includes Long-term Energy and forming the Cell membrane?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Nucleic Acids

c)

Lipids

21.

The monomer for Proteins is a(n):

a)

Monosaccharide

b)

Amino Acid

c)

Fatty Acid

22.

The main function of Nucleic Acids is to:

a)

Provide quick energy

b)

Store Genetic code (DNA/RNA)

c)
  • Build and run the cell

23.

Which biomolecule is primarily used by the body for Quick Energy?

a)

Carbs

b)

Proteins

c)

Lipids

24.

A molecule composed of a Fatty Acid monomer is classified as a:

a)

Protein

b)

Nucleic Acid

c)

Lipid

25.

Which type of biomolecule has the functions of running the cell, acting as Enzymes, and helping to Build structures?

a)

Carbs

b)

Proteins

c)

Lipids

26.

What is the monomer (building block) of Nucleic Acids?

a)

Fatty Acid

b)

Nucleotide

c)

Monosaccharide

27.

Enzymes are a type of biomolecule that acts as a

a)

Fat

b)

Catalyst

c)

Racecar

28.

What is the main function of an enzyme as a catalyst?

a)

To stop chemical reactions

b)

To speed up reactions by lowering activation energy

c)

To increase the temperature of a reaction

29.

The specific site on an enzyme where only one type of substrate fits is called the:

a)

Lock

b)

Active Site

c)

Fortnite

30.

Enzymes are described as specific, following a principle known as:

a)

Monomer/Polymer pairing

b)

Lock & Key

c)

Mario Kart/ Fortnite

31.

An enzyme can lose its shape, a process called Denaturation, due to changes in what two environmental factors?

a)

Substrate and Water

b)

Temperature or pH

c)

Activation Energy and Time

32.

When an enzyme is Denatured, it loses its:

a)

Substrate

b)

Shape

c)

Activation Energy

33.

What is the main goal of PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

a)

Break down food (glucose) to make cell energy (ATP).

b)

Use light energy to make food (glucose).

c)

Convert carbon dioxide to water.

34.

Which organelle is the site where PHOTOSYNTHESIS occurs?

a)

Chloroplast

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Nucleus

35.

What are the reactants (inputs) for the Cellular Respiration equation?

a)

Carbon Dioxide and Water

b)

Sugar and Oxygen

c)

Sugar and Carbon Dioxide.

36.

According to the notes, which organisms perform Cellular Respiration?

a)

Plants only

b)

All Eukaryotes

c)

Viruses and Bacteria

37.

What is the primary product (output) of Cellular Respiration that serves as the cell's energy source?

a)

ATP

b)

Water

c)

Carbon Dioxide

38.

The equations for Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration are connected because:

a)

They both require light energy to start.

b)

They both occur only in the mitochondria.

c)

The products of one are the reactants of the other.

39.

Which statement correctly describes the products of Photosynthesis?

a)

Glucose and Carbon Dioxide

b)

Glucose and Oxygen

c)

Carbon Dioxide and ATP

40.

What is the primary purpose of the Cell Cycle, specifically Mitosis, as noted in the information?

a)

To create sex cells for reproduction

b)

Growth & Repair

c)
  • To generate chemical energy (ATP)

41.

The result of the Mitosis cycle is two cells that are:

a)

A) Genetically unique haploid (n) cells

b)

Identical diploid (2n) body cells

c)

Half the size of the original cell

42.

Which phase of the Cell Cycle is the longest and involves the cell growing and replicating its DNA?

a)

M-Phase

b)

Cytokinesis

c)

Interphase

43.

During which specific part of Interphase does the process of DNA Replication (Synthesis) occur?

a)

G1

b)

S

c)

G2

44.

What happens during the process of Cytokinesis?

a)

The nucleus divides (PMAT)

b)

The cytoplasm divides

c)

DNA is replicated

45.

The M-Phase (Mitosis) specifically refers to the division of which cellular component?

a)

Cell membrane

b)

Cytoplasm

c)

Nucleus

46.

What is cancer defined as?

a)

Controlled growth of specialized cells

b)

Uncontrolled cell division

c)

The process of DNA replication

47.

A disruption in which critical part of the cell cycle is the cause of cancer?

Remember Cancer ignores Checkpoints

a)

Cytokinesis (cytoplasm division)

b)

Interphase (growth phase)

c)

Checkpoints

48.

What is the stated result of uncontrolled cell division?

a)

A healthy, specialized cell

b)

Tumor

c)

A successful DNA synthesis phase

49.

What is the main reason a cancer cell divides uncontrollably?

a)

It has created new, healthy DNA.

b)

A mutation has disrupted the cell cycle's regulatory mechanism.

c)

The cell is attempting to create sex cells.

50.

What is the mass of abnormal cells that results from cancer?

a)

A specialized cell

b)

A prokaryote

c)

A tumor

51.

What is the defining structure of the DNA molecule?

a)

Single Strand

b)

Double Helix

c)
  • Protein Coat

52.

Which three components make up the monomer (nucleotide) of DNA?

a)
  • Sugar, Amino Acid, Base

b)

Sugar, Phosphate, Base

c)

Fatty Acid, Phosphate, Base

53.

During which specific phase of the cell cycle does DNA Replication occur?

a)

G2-Phase

b)

S-Phase

c)

M-Phase

54.

In DNA, which pair of bases correctly joins together?

a)

Adenine (A) and Guanine (G)

b)

Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G)

c)

Adenine (A) and Cytosine (C)

55.

What is the final result of the DNA Replication process?

a)

Two unique DNA molecules

b)
  • Two identical DNA molecules

c)

One DNA molecule and one protein coat

56.

What is the primary purpose of Meiosis?

a)

To create body (somatic) cells for growth and repair.

b)

To make gametes (sperm/egg).

c)

To create new organelles for the cell.

57.

The final result of the Meiosis process is four cells that are described as:

a)

Identical diploid (2n) cells

b)

Unique haploid (n) cells

c)
  • Identical diploid (4n) cells

58.

What process involves the exchange of genetic material between chromosomes, which shuffles genes to increase genetic variation?

a)

Cell Cycle

b)

Crossing Over

c)

DNA Replication

59.

How many divisions does a single cell undergo during the Meiosis process?

a)

One division

b)

Two divisions