Which of the following is NOT a cause of decreased RBC production?

SATA: Which of the following is a cause of increased RBC destruction?

Anemia is considered a _____, rather than a specific disease.

Fill in the blank: RBCs carry ________ from tissues back to the lungs.

List two nutrients whose deficiency can cause decreased RBC production.

What is the normal hemoglobin (Hgb) level for adult males?

What is the normal hemoglobin (Hgb) level for adult females?

What is the normal hemoglobin (Hgb) level for pregnant females?

What is the normal hemoglobin (Hgb) level for children?

Which of the following is an integumentary manifestation of anemia?

Cardiac output in anemia is maintained by increasing both HR and SV, which manifests as ________.

SATA: Which of the following is an acute intervention for anemia?

What is the life span of an RBC?

What percentage of ingested iron is absorbed in cases of inadequate dietary intake?

Where is erythropoietin/EPO primarily produced?

Which type of anemia is considered the MOST common?

Heme accounts for portion of the body's iron?

____% of erythropoietin is produced in the liver.

How much iron is contained in 2 ml of whole blood?

Iron is present in all RBCs as ______ in hemoglobin and in a stored form.

Where does iron absorption occur?

Which systems does chronic blood loss MOST COMMONLY occur through in iron-deficiency anemia?

Which of the following is a contributing factor to iron-deficiency anemia?

What is the most common clinical manifestation of iron-deficiency anemia?

Fill in the blank: Glossitis (________ inflammation) is the second most common finding in iron-deficiency anemia.

Cheilitis refers to inflammation of which part of the body?

Lab findings in iron-deficiency anemia typically show ______ H+H.

Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic method for iron-deficiency anemia?

SATA: Iron therapy comes in which forms/routes?

Efforts in treating iron-deficiency anemia are aimed at ______ iron.

Which type of therapy is NOT mentioned as a treatment for iron-deficiency anemia?

What is the recommended daily dose of oral iron for iron-deficiency anemia?

Ferrous sulfate is BEST absorbed in which type of environment?

Liquid iron should be diluted and ingested through a _______.

Which of the following are side effects of iron therapy?

Black stools as a side effect of iron replacement are a sign of melena.

Parenteral iron is indicated for which of the following?

IM administration of parenteral iron may _______ the skin.

Which of the following are considered at-risk groups for iron deficiency?

Patient teaching for iron therapy includes diet teaching, supplemental iron, discussing diagnostic studies, and emphasizing _______.

Iron therapy should be continued for _______ months after Hgb level returns to normal.

Thalassemia is a group of diseases involving inadequate production of normal _______.

Thalassemia leads to decreased _______ production.

Thalassemia is common in ethnic groups near the Mediterranean and in equitorial/near-equitorial regions of _______.

Thalassemia is a genetic problem with _______ protein.

What is the group of disorders characterized by impaired DNA synthesis and presence of megaloblasts?

Majority of megaloblastic anemias result from deficiency in which vitamins?

Fill in the blank: Intrinsic factor (IF) is a protein secreted by the ________ mucosa.

IF is required for cobalamin absorption in the distal ileum.

If IF is NOT secreted, cobalamin will NOT be absorbed.

What is the most common cause of cobalamin deficiency?

Pernicious anemia is caused by an absence of which substance?

Which of the following is NOT a GI manifestation of cobalamin deficiency?

SATA: Neuromuscular manifestations of pernicious anemia include:

SATA: Cobalamin deficiency can occur in which of the following situations?

Cobalamin replacement is the treatment of choice for cobalamin deficiency. Which two routes can cobalamin be administered?

Patients will die in 1-3 years without treatment for cobalamin deficiency.

Pernicious anemia can be reversed with ongoing treatment, but long-standing neuromuscular complications may not be reversible.

Fill in the blank: Folic acid is required for DNA synthesis, RBC formation and RBC ________.

Which clinical manifestation differentiates folic acid deficiency from cobalamin deficiency?

In folic acid deficiency, serum folate is low (Normal: 3-25 mg/ml), but serum cobalamin is _______.

What is the usual dose of folic acid per day for replacement therapy?

What is pancytopenia?

Aplastic anemia is characterized by:

What are the two major types of etiology for aplastic anemia?

Symptoms of aplastic anemia are caused by suppression of any or all _______ elements.

SATA: Which of the following are manifestations in aplastic anemia?

Fill in the blank: Aplastic anemia is characterized by ________ count and prolonged bleeding time.

Fill in the blank: In aplastic anemia, serum iron and TIBC are ________.

Fill in the blank: Hypocellular bone marrow with increased fat content is also known as ________ marrow.

The prognosis for a patient with severe aplastic anemia is _____, but certain immune therapies and bone marrow transplantations can be _______.

Fill in the blank: Hypovolemic shock is a condition that disrupts ________ integrity and can lead to blood loss anemia.

Clinical signs and symptoms are more important than laboratory values in acute blood loss.

Fill in the blank: S/S of blood loss include _____ of the eyes.

Fill in the blank: Cardiac S/S of blood loss includes _____ and ______.

SATA: Select the symptoms of acute blood loss.

SATA: Select the symptoms of SEVERE blood loss.

Blood loss may be impossible to prevent if caused by _____.

SATA: Select the sources of CHRONIC blood loss.

Hemolytic anemia is defined as _____ or hemolysis of RBCs of a rate that _______.

What is a specific manifestation that distinguishes hemolytic anemia from other types of anemia?

With sudden blood loss, lab values may seem ______ for 2-3 days.

Once plasma volume is replaced after an acute hemorrhage, what becomes evident?

Care of Acute Blood Loss includes:

SATA: Anemia is classified by:

A patient taking iron supplements is concerned about a new onset of black stools. The RN recognizes that:

Maintenance of renal function is a MAJOR focus of treatment of which type of anemia?

_______ are a group of inherited, autosomal recessive disorders characterized by the presence of abnormal forms of Hgb in RBCs.

With enough replacement therapy and compliance, sickle cell anemia is curable.

Sickle cell anemia is often fatal.

In sickle cell anemia, abnormal Hgb causes erythrocytes to take on a stiff and elongated "sickle" shape due to:

Sickle cells are stiff and angular, causing them to become _____ in small

capillaries.

Sickle cell crisis is a severe, painful, acute exacerbation of sickling that causes a __________ crisis.

Sickle cell crisis leads to severe capillary ______, which causes tissue ______.

The typical sickle cell patient is AYSMPTOMATIC EXCEPT during sickling episodes.

Sickle cell patients are prone to:

Which complication of sickle cell anemia is the MOST major cause of morbidity and mortality?

Severe sickle-cell related infections can cause aplastic crisis, which in turn can lead to a

full-blown _________________.

The most common sickle-cell related infection is:

SATA: Select all of the diagnostic tests used to determine presence of sickle cell anemia.

SATA: Select all of the extrinsic factors that can cause hemolysis of erythrocytes.

Macroangiopathic destruction of RBCs is due to exertion of extreme force on RBCs.

SATA: Select all of the examples of MACROangiopathic destruction of RBCs.

Microangiopathic destruction of RBCs is due to _______ of the cells as they try to pass by abnormal arterial or venous microcirculation.

What is the cause of isoimmune RBC destruction?

What is the cause of autoimmune RBC destruction?

In microangiopathic destruction of erythrocytes, RBCs are sheared as they try to pass by EXCESSIVE PLATELET AGGREGATION and/or fibrin polymer formation. In which two hematologic conditions is this complication observed?

SATA: Select the ways infectious agents and toxins can cause hemolysis.

SATA: Select all of the treatments for acquired hemolytic anemia.