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WorksheetsHorticulture Semester Exam
Total questions: 107
Worksheet time: 27hrs 45mins
What is Vegetative Propagation?
Growth of plants through the use of plant parts
Growth of plants through the use of the plant's sexual parts like flowers
Growth of plants through water cuttings
Growth of plants through soil cuttings
Is vegetative propagation sexual or asexual?
Bisexual
Asexual
Sexy
Sexual
How do plants reproduce sexually?
Getting plants to reproduce through flowers/seeds
Getting plants to reproduce but using root hormone
Getting plants to reproduce through using plant parts like leaves/stems
Getting plants to reproduce through water cuttings
What is this?
Layering
Offset
Plantlet
Bulblet
What is this?
Offset
Layering
Bulblet
Plantlet
Little plants that form on the end of the long flower stalks of a spider plant are called what?
Plantlet
Offset
Layering
Bulblet
What are three advantages to growing plants vegetatively?
Variety
Cheaper
Quicker
Last longer
Where on a plant should a cutting be taken?
1/2 - 1 inch below a node
1/4 - 1/2 inch below a node
1 - 2 inches below a node
1/2 - 1/8 inches below a node
What degree angle do you cut your plants when doing a cutting?
90
45
180
60
Why do you cut your plant at a 45-degree angle when doing a cutting?
There is more surface area to collect water
Because it looks fancy
To let the water drain out
Because it helps with root hormone
Why do you remove leaves when you take a cutting?
Because it makes the nutrients go to the growth of the main leaves/flowers
Because the leaves are useless, only the flowers matter
Because the leaves are more at risk of getting a disease
Because the leaves were going to die anyways
What should you do with cuttings within the first 48 hours?
Put them under heating lamps
Cut off all leaves
Water them every hour
Transplant
What do you put on the end of soil cuttings?
Algae
Root Hormone
Mud
Rubbing Alcohol
Why can't you put root hormone on water cuttings?
It will wash off
It has a waxy coating that repels water
It has a reaction with water that will end up killing your water cutting
You can
What is the best length for new cuttings?
3 - 4 Inches
1 - 4 Inches
1/2 - 1 Inches
4 - 7 Inches
What two things can you do if your cutting starts to wilt within the first 48 hours
Remove half of the remaining leaves
Cut the remaining leaves in half
Cut the main stem in half
Remove all flowers
What are two reasons you should let water sit out overnight before using it?
Lets it get to room temperature
Lets the chlorine diffuse out
Lets the water space out
Lets the water sink deeper into the soil when watering
What are the symptoms of overwatering?
Leaves turn yellow and fall off
Leaves turn brown and fall off
Leaves turn yellow but are still attached
Leaves turn brown but are still attached
What are the symptoms of under-watering?
Leaves turn brown but are still attached
Leaves turn yellow but are still attached
Leaves turn yellow and fall off
Leaves turn brown and fall off
If the humidity is low, the tips of the leaves may turn ________. Beware of this is the ______ months.
Yellow or Brown; Winter
Yellow or Brown; Summer
Black or Brown; Winter
Black or Brown; Summer
Why shouldn't plants be left in a saucer filled with water for more than 1/2 hour?
Roots get too long and outgrow the pot
Roots get rotted and die
Roots get too tangled
The water evaporates too quickly
Why do we water until the water comes out of the drain hole?
To make sure we get all of the roots
To make sure all of the water comes out
To make sure the growth will be quicker
To make sure the plant will die
What is a good Rule of Thumb if we don't know what the plant water requirements?
Let it dry out between waterings
Water it every day
Water it every other day
Water it once a week
What are all of the different soil types?
Choose all that apply:
Sand
Silt
Clay
Loam
Wood Chips
Sand...
Good Drainage
Retains water
Is hard for roots to grow in
Has large particles
Clay...
Has good drainage
Is very hard when wet or dry
Doesn't allow water to drain
Has large particles
Loam is...
The best type of soil
Hard to cultivate
Drains quickly
Provides good aeration
Which of the following ingredients go into potting soil?
Coir
Vermiculite
Perlite
Peatmoss
Compost
What is the purpose of peat moss?
Helps clay and sandy soils
Helps silty soil
Helps loam soil
Helps drain water
What is the purpose of perlite?
Improves aeration
Improves drainage
Helps to compact the soil
Holds water
What is the purpose of vermiculite?
Improves drainage
Helps sandy soil
Retains water and nutrients
Helps clay soil
What is pH?
A scale used to determine how Acidic or Alcaline soil is
A scale to determine what soil you have
A scale to determine how much water you need to give your plant
A scale to determine if you have annuals, biannuals, or perennials
What does the pH scale range from?
1-14
0-14
1-7
0-7
If you have anything from__ to __ on the pH scale, that means your soil is Acidic.
Fill in the blanks:
1-7
0-6
7-14
8-14
If you have anything from__ to __ on the pH scale that means that your soil is alcaline.
Fill in the blanks:
1-7
0-6
7-14
8-14
What is neutral on the pH scale?
5
6
7
8
What do garden and house plants like on the pH scale?
6.0 - 6.9
3.5 - 6.0
7.0 - 7.9
7.9 - 9.0
Most evergreens require a pH of ____.
Fill in the blank:
3.5 - 6.0
6.0 - 6.9
7.0 - 7.9
7.9 - 9.0
Most bulb plants require a pH of ____.
Fill in the blank:
7.0 - 7.9
7.9 - 9.0
3.5 - 6.0
6.0 - 6.9
What can we add to the soil to raise the pH?
Compost
Peat Moss
Hydrated Lime
Vermiculite
What can we add to the soil to lower the pH?
Compost
Hydrated Lime
Peat Moss
Vermiculite
How do you sterilize potting soil?
Heat soil in an oven to over 190 degrees
Pour boiling water over it
Spray it with a pestiside
Add sand
Why do you need to sterilize your potting soil?
To kill any fungal spores, weeds, seeds, or pests
To drain all of the water
To amend it
To exhaust all of the soil
What are the advantages to using clay pots?
They absorb water and dry out the soil
They retain the water better than plastic pots
They look better than plastic pots
They are light weight
What are the advantages of using plastic pots?
They are easier to clean
They retain water better than clay pots
They have larger particles
They are hard to clean
When should plants be transplanted for the first time?
When they have their first set of true leaves
When the stem is 3" long
When its foliage is the same size as the pot
When the roots are 7" long
Why is aeration important to plants?
If it doesn't have good aeration it can get root rot and die
If it doesn't have good aeration its roots will explode like a cyst
If it doesn't have good aeration its leaves will fall off because they can't breathe
It is good if they don't have good aeration
What will happen if you don't have a drainage hole for your plant?
The plant can get root rot and die
It is okay if the plant doesn't have a drainage hole, it will still live
It will NOT exhaust the soil
It will make it healthier
What is damping off?
A fungicide
A fungal disease
A potting mix
A type of water cutting
How do you prevent damping off?
Keep everything sterile and well ventilated
Use a fungicide
Make it humid
Keep it in a dark cool area
Where should seeds be stored?
In a cool, dark, dry, area
In the humidity
In root hormone
In a refridgerator
Why should seeds be stored in a cool, dark, dry area?
So they won't germinate
So they will germinate
So they die
So they get damping off
Why do we use Promix instead of regular soil for seeds?
Because it is sterile and contains good nutrients
Because it doesn't hold water
Because Promix has pests
Because Promix doesn't allow damping off
Why are some seeds sown on the surface while others are buried under the soil?
Because some seeds require light to germinate
Because some seeds need air to germinate
Because some seeds need to lay flat to grow instead of verticle
Seeds are always on top, bulbs have the get burried
Why do some seeds need to be soaked?
They may have a thick shell and it makes it faster to germinate
They store all of that water in their shells for the next year
They all need to be soaked
It would be faster if they were not soaked
What are the requirements for transplanting mature plants?
Transplant into a pot that is 1-2 inches bigger than the last one
At least one drainage hole
Add salt to new transplant
Always put in a plastic pot
What color light do we get from the sun?
White light
Red Light
Orange Light
Yellow Light
Blue Light
What side of the house will give us the most natural light?
North Side
East Side
South Side
West Side
What color light do fluorescent lights produce?
Blue
Red
White
Orange
What color lights do incandescent lights produce?
Red
Blue
White
Green
Why do plants need red and blue light?
Because they need to go through photosynthesis
Because they need to be color coordinated
Because red helps them be healthy and blue makes them have flowers
Because red and blue make purple, and you want purple flowers
What color light makes plants want to flower?
Red
Blue
Green
Purple
What color light makes plants grow vegetatively?
Red
Blue
Orange
Yellow
How many many hours should seedlings be under light?
12-24
14-16
8-12
24-48
How can you change the intensity of artificial light that plants receive?
Change the distance from the top of the plants to the bottom of the light bulb
Change the colors from cool to light
Change the colors from light to cool
Change how many lights are covering them
Advantages of using Pesticides:
They act quickly and kill many different pests
Require less work
Does not break down quickly and go on killing for years
Can even kill birds/fish
What are some alternatives to pesticides?
Choose all that apply:
Rotate crops
Companion plants
Biological Control
Biological Magnification
How do you recognize Aphids?
See them
Ants
Honey Dew
Webs
Spots/Speckles
How do you recognize White Fly?
Dandruff
Honey Dew
Ants
Spots/Speckles
Silvery Trail
If you see honeydew...
There could be black mold
There is Spider Mites
There is Snails
There is Mealy Bug
How to recognize Spider Mites?
Speckles/Spots
Large webs
Tiny Webs
Honeydew
Ants
How do you recognize Scale?
Lumps
Honeydew
Webs
Ants
Silvery Trail
How to recognize Mealy Bug?
Tiny white clusters
Honeydew
Ants
Black mold
Silvery Trail
How to recognize snails/slugs?
Silvery Trail
Holes in leaves
Honeydew
Ants
Black mold
What is Biological Magnification?
Build up of chemicals in tissues within an organism as it moves up the food chain
Use living things to control pests
Practicing good garden greenhouse hygiene
Using companion plants to repel or attract pests
What is Biological Control?
Build up of chemicals in the tissues of an organism as it moves up the food chain
Using living things to control pests
Using companion plants to repel or attract pests
Practicing good garden and greenhouse hygiene
What do marigold and tansy have to do with pest control?
They repel ants and other pests
They attract ants and other pests
They are required to be rotated every year
They are a form of biological magnification
When do we fertilize?
When the plant begins to yellow or fade in color
When overall growth slows
When most plants are ready to flower
When a plant's normal dormant season
You can fertilize seedlings
When do you NOT fertilize?
When a plant begins to yellow or fade in color
When overall growth slows
When most plants are ready to flower
During a plant's normal dormant season
You can't fertilize seedlings
What are macronutrients?
Nutrients that are needed in large quantities
Nutrients that are needed in small quantities
Nutrients that help water flow
Nutrients that are absorbed through the leaves
What are micronutrients?
Nutrients that are needed in large quantities
Nutrients that are needed in small quantities
Nutrients that help with aeration
Nutrients that are fats and carbohydrates
If fertilizer is 20/25/10, what is does the number 20 represent?
Nitrogen
Potassium
Phosphorus
Carbon
If fertilizer is 20/35/15, what does the 35 represent?
Nitrogen
Potassium
Phosphorus
Carbon
If fertilizer is 25/15/20, what does the 20 represent?
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Carbon
Potassium
What does Nitrogen do for a plant?
Causes greening and shoot growth
Root growth and flowering/fruiting
Encourages overall health
Helps through drought
What does Phosphorous do for a plant?
Greening and shoot growth
Root growth and flowering/fruiting
Encourages overall health
Helps with drought
What does Potassium do for a plant?
Greening and shoot growth
Root growth and flowering/fruiting
Encourages overall health
Helps in drought
What is hydroponics?
Growing plants in a solution of water and nutrients
Gaining nutrients through soil cuttings
Water that flows through a water system without nutrients
A no-nutrient diet
What are the advantages of hydroponics?
Provides the right amount of nutrients at the right time
Cost more
Require more attention
Can be used to grow crops anywhere the soil is high in nutrients
What are the disadvantages of hydroponics?
Costs more
Requires more attention
Provides high crop yeild
Can grow anywhere nutrients is low
What are the characteristics of a good hydroponics medium?
Something that supports the roots
Something that allows water and nutrient flow
Something that blocks water flow
Something that doesn't support the roots
What are the types of hydroponic mediums?
Rock Wool
Gravel
Loam
Promix
What is compost?
The mixing of a bunch of organic things that you can later use for fertilizer
Controlling pest problems with living things
The build-up of chemicals in tissues of organisms as it makes its way up the food chain
The migration of butterflies
When do you add compost?
If it starts to smell, add more grass
Have an equal amount of leaves and grass
Have a 1/2 ratio of grass and leaves
If it starts to smell add leaves
What kind of environments do we find carnivorous plants in?
Nutrient poor
High nutrient
Hot areas
Cool areas
How do carnivorous animals digest animals?
Release enzymes
Release sperm
Releases a gas
Through its stomach
What is a perennial?
A plant that only lives for one season
A plant that lives for many years
A plant that lives for two growing seasons
A plant embryo surrounded by food storage leaves
What is an annual?
A plant that only lives for one season
A plant that lives for many years
A plant that lives for two growing seasons
A plant embryo
What happens when you trim the dead flowers off of an annual?
You will produce bushier plants with more flowers
It will die down to the ground forever
It will store energy in the roots and focus on the growth of next year's season
It will bloom forever
True or False: If you cut off the flowers of a bulb it will store that energy in the bulb for the next season.
(a)
What are two definitions of a herb?
A plant that has a fleshy stem and generally dies at the end of each growing season
Any variety of often aromatic plants used in medicine or seasoning
A plant that has a woody stem and lives forever
A plant that doesn't have the power to kill people
What were the uses of herbs thousands of years ago?
Incense
Prevent food from spoiling
Drugs
Toothpaste
When can you prune evergreen trees?
Anytime
Summer
Winter
Spring
Autumn
When should you prune trees in general?
In case of emergencies
In the dormant season (Summer)
In winter
In 50 degree weather
Why follow the three-step process for removing larger branches?
It is safer
It is less time consuming
It is cheaper
You can do it in one more
What are suckers?
Unwanted growth from the base of the tree
Unwanted growth from the limbs of the trees that grow vertical
Unwanted growth from the base of the tree that grows horizontal
Unwanted growth from the limbs of the tree that grow diagnal
What are water sprouts?
Unwanted growth from the limbs that grow vertical
Unwanted growth from the base of the tree
Unwanted growth from the limbs that grow diagonal
Unwanted growth from the base of the tree that grow horizontal
