Font size
WorksheetsUnit 2 Test Review
Total questions: 26
Worksheet time: 26mins
Dialysis tubing was filled with a solution that consisted of 95% solvent and 5% solute. The dialysis tubing was placed in a beaker filled with a solution that consisted of 98% solvent and 2% solute. Using this information, which statement is correct?
The solutes will diffuse through the membrane but not the solvent
The net flow of solvent is into the dialysis tubing
The dialysis tubing is in a hypertonic solution
The relation of the dialysis tubing to its environment is isotonic
A researcher is studying the movement of a protein that is secreted from a eukaryotic cell. Which of the following pathways best represents the movement she could expect for packaging/processing of the secretory protein?
Nucleus → Golgi → Rough ER → Cytoplasm
Golgi → Rough ER → secretory vesicles → Plasma membrane
Rough ER → Golgi → secretory vesicle → Plasma membrane
Secretory vesicle → Golgi → Rough ER → Cytoplasm
Most farms use irrigation systems to water their crops at needed intervals. While the water is necessary for the growth of the crops, the irrigation water can contain salts. Once the crops have been watered, the excess water in the soil will evaporate leaving the salts behind. If the levels of salt in the soil build up over time, it can become toxic to the plant.
Which statement below best describes why high levels of salt in soil are dangerous to plants?
Excess salt in the soil creates a hypotonic solution for the plant cells, which causes the plant cells to go through plasmolysis
The salt added to the soil, due to the irrigation water, causes dissolved solutes in the plant cells to exit the cell via diffusion. Thus, the plants lose valuable dissolved nutrients and minerals
Due to the high concentration of salt, solvents in the soil will diffuse into the roots of the plant
When plant cells are exposed to an extracellular environment that has a high concentration of salt, it causes water to leave the plant cells
The AQP1 gene in humans codes for the AQP1 protein (aquaporin-1), which allows water to pass through plasma membranes via osmosis.
If there were a mutation to this gene that prevented the proper function of AQP1, which option below best predicts the most likely outcome?
Cells would be unable to uptake water due to the non-functional AQP1 protein
The mutation to the gene would cause a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein, which would ultimately affect the protein’s 3D structure and function. This would allow for more water to be taken up by cells
Cells would still be able to uptake water, as water can pass through the cell membrane without the assistance of aquaporins. However, it would take up water at a much slower rate because water has a slight charge
A change in shape and function of the protein would prevent ATP from transferring its terminal phosphate group to the aquaporin, thus preventing water from passing through the channel
Which of the following would be able to pass through the membrane the easiest?
Small, hydrophobic substances
Small, polar substance
Molecules like sucrose and glucose
Small, hydrophilic molecules
How would alcohol, a small, uncharged polar molecule, enter through the membrane?
Osmosis
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
Which functional group represents alcohol?
-COOH
-OH
-NH2
-COO
Which organelle in the hepatocytes (which are liver cells that help to produce lipids, metabolize substances, and detoxify substances that enter the body) likely contains the enzymes used to created ADH and ALDH, which are used to break down toxic substances?
Lysosomes
The rough endoplasmic reticulum
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum
The Golgi
An experiment was done in rats to see the effect of chronic exposure to alcohol. Rats were exposed to small doses of alcohol over the course of three weeks. At the end of the experiment, the hepatocytes (liver cells that produce lipids, metabolize substances, and detoxify substances that enter the body) from rat liver tissue were analyzed and compared to a negative control.
Which organelle would the researchers expect to see a high number of in the hepatocytes of the experimental group?
Golgi bodies
Smooth ER
Rough ER
Lysosomes
Which of the following pieces of evidence best supports the endosymbiotic theory?
Some organelles in eukaryotes have their own DNA similar to that of prokaryotes
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are both surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer
Free living mitochondria and chloroplasts can be found and inserted into eukaryotes
Eukaryotes and prokaryotes frequently exchange cytoplasmic material
Which statement best explains why the golgi apparatus and mitochondria are highly efficient in their functions.
Both the mitochondria and the Golgi have double membranes, which allow for efficient transport of material in and out of the organelles
Both the mitochondria and the Golgi can form vesicles from their membranes allowing for material to be easily transported in and out of the organelles
Both the mitochondria and the Golgi have compartmentalization, which allows for an optimal surface area to volume ratio to exchange material through their membranes
Both the mitochondria and the Golgi contain their own ribosomes, which allows for them to produce their own enzymes to be used in cytoplasmic reactions
The image shows a section of the plasma membrane and an illustration of the sodium–potassium pump. How does the carrier protein return to its original position to accept more sodium?
The phosphate group will detach, thus causing a conformational change
ATP will add another phosphate group to the carrier protein, which will increase the protein’s affinity to sodium
Energy is not required for this process since the ions are both moving down their concentration gradient; the carrier protein alternates between orientations in the membrane
As the ions move down their concentration gradient and attach to the carrier protein, they trigger the conformational change seen
One difference between plant and animal cells is that plant cells have…
Lysosomes
A central vacuole
Centrosomes
Flagella
The NaCl concentration of red blood cells is 154mM . Predict what would happen if the cell was placed in a 220mM NaCl solution.
The red blood cell will shrivel
The red blood cell will swell
Nothing, this is an isotonic solution
Solutes will diffuse into the red blood cell
What process is being represented in the image?
Pinocytosis
Receptor mediated endocytosis
Exocytosis
Phagocytosis
Which component of the plasma membrane plays an important role in the identification of other cells?
Cholesterol
Proteins
Glycoproteins
Phospholipids
Dialysis tubing was filled with a 25% glucose and 2% starch solution, then placed in a beaker filled with water. Glucose can pass through the membrane of the dialysis tubing, while starch cannot. Which of the following best predicts what will happen over time?
Water and glucose will both leave the dialysis tubing
Water will enter the dialysis tubing while glucose will leave
Water will leave the dialysis tubing while glucose will enter
Water and glucose will both enter the dialysis tubing
What does it mean to say that phospholipids are amphipathic?
They are water fearing
Only hydrophilic molecules can pass through the bilayer
They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts
They contain many unsaturated hydrocarbon tails
One difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that eukaryotes…
Include the domains Bacteria and Archaea
Tend to be much smaller in size than prokaryotes
Have their DNA contained in the nucleoid region
Contain membrane bound organelles
Kidneys play a vital role in regulating and removing excess water and fluid from the body. Kidney cells contain many aquaporins. The gene AQP2 codes for the aquaporin-2 protein in kidney cells. Mice with mutated AQP2 genes were found to be severely dehydrated even when consuming sufficient water. Which statement best explains this phenomenon?
The mutated AQP2 gene rendered the AQP2 protein non-functional, which prevented the aquaporins from releasing excess water into the urine. This would cause a concentrated urine output.
The urine output would be increased because the non-functional AQP2 protein would be unable to uptake water and maintain water balance. Since the water would be unable to be taken back up by the cells, it would be released in the urine.
The mutated AQP2 gene may have altered aquaporins in more locations than just the kidney cells which would result in an overall inability to uptake water.
The non-functional AQP2 protein would prevent the releasing of water into the urine, which would cause an increase in urine output.
Which structure below is unable to imbed itself within the phospholipid bilayer?
Peripheral proteins
Cholesterol
Carrier proteins
Channel proteins
What would be the most immediate effect of exposing plant cells to a solution of decreasing pH?
As the pH of the solution decreases, the plant cells would lose more and more water to their surroundings and eventually go through plasmolysis and die.
As the pH of the solution decreases, the plant cells would increase the efficiency of transporting sucrose, but once the pH passed a certain threshold the cells would be unable to transport sucrose.
As the pH of the solution decreases, the plant cells would uptake more and more water, therefore increasing their turgor pressure.
The cells would immediately die as the pH decreased.
Identify and describe three pieces of evidence that support the endosymbiotic theory.
Select all statements that represent evidence supporting the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts from prokaryotic endosymbionts.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain circular DNA independent of nuclear DNA.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have ribosomes similar to bacterial ribosomes.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts replicate by binary fission rather than mitosis.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts package their DNA with histones like eukaryotic nuclei.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as new organelles formed de novo in the cytosol of eukaryotes.
Using the chloroplast as an example, describe how this organelle utilizes compartmentalization to accomplish necessary functions for the plant.
The chloroplast has thylakoids, which stack into grana inside the double membrane. This keeps the light dependent reactions in the thylakoids separate from the reactions of the calvin cycle in the stroma.
This is a short answer question. Study the other answer.
Identify how each of the following would pass through the plasma membrane.
-Gases
-Large polar molecules
-Charged molecules
-Hydrophobic molecules
-Small polar molecules
Gases: simple diffusion gases are small & uncharged
Large Polar molecules: facilitated diffusion; molecules like glucose need assistance passing through the membrane.
Charged molecules: facilitated diffusion; ions have a charge/ are hydrophilic so they need assistance
hydrophobic molecules: diffusion; do not need assistance passing through the membrane.
Small polar molecules: simple diffusion; due to their small size they can pass through, but do so slowly
This is a short answer question so study the other answer.
MATH:
-Be able to calculate SA:V ratio of both a spherical and cuboidal cell
-Be able to calculate the solute potential of a solution.
-Be able to calculate the water potential of a solution.
-Be able to calculate the pressure potential of a solution.
Will do, kangaroo.
Okey dokey, artichokey
Roger that, kitty cat.
