Study of mental, emotional, & behavioral disorders and also refers to atypical, disruptive, or maladaptive behavior. . .

Assessed on an individual level, and this involves a personal feeling of discomfort that most others may never experience. . .

if someone were to score at an extreme level on some sort of psychological inventory (e.g., high scores on a depression or anxiety scale, low scores on specific adaptive personality traits, low IQ score, etc.) where the score is well outside of what you would normally see in a population, then this is evidence for a psychological illness and would demonstrate what abnormality?

Social nonconformity that would be the basis for a diagnosis is typically something that would _______ the person or cause damage to private or public property.

the timing and location of behavior matters when determining if that behavior is something you would typically see or if it is something abnormal. . .This refers to what context?

If you were to walk around in your underwear in a locker room it wouldn't be a big deal but in the grocery store it would be inappropriate. What does this demonstrate?

When determining whether or not someone is acting unusually, we must take into consideration the cultural background of the individual. . . each culture has a different set of norms and standards for emotional expression and other aspects of behavior. What does this describe?

Extreme scores on some dimension, such as intelligence, anxiety, or depression

Behavior that makes it difficult to function, to adapt to the environment, and to meet everyday demands. . .

Which of the following are CORE FEATURES OF
DISORDERED BEHAVIOR?

(Legal term) refers to an inability to manage one’s affairs or to be unaware of the consequences of one’s actions. . .

Which of the following are CLASSES OF MENTAL DISORDERS

Which of the following are CLASSES OF MENTAL DISORDERS?

Six months of chronic, unrealistic, or excessive anxiety. . .

Chronic state of anxiety w/ brief moments of sudden, intense, unexpected panic (i.e., panic attack)

Feels like one is having a heart attack, going to die, going to pass out, or is going insane

Chest pain, choking, fear of losing control. . .What does this describe?

Intense, irrational fear that a panic attack will occur in a public place or in an unfamiliar situation. . .

Fear that something extremely embarrassing will happen away from home or in an unfamiliar situation

-Recurring images/thoughts that one cannot prevent.

-Cause anxiety and extreme discomfort

-Irrational acts that person feels compelled to repeat

-Helps to control anxiety created by obsessions

Trichotillomania, dermatillomania, hoarding, acral lick synd. . .examples of what?

Fatigue, disturbed sleeping and eating patterns, feelings of worthlessness, negative self-image, feelings of burdensomeness, and suicidal thoughts. . .Symptoms of what?

-Characterized by low emotional extremes

-Lasting extremes of mood or emotion, sometimes with psychotic features (hallucinations, delusions)

one or more intense episodes of depression. . .MDD or PDD?

moderate depression that lasts for at least two years . . MDD or PDD?

considered a functional depression; these individuals are able to maintain a job, friendships, maybe even a romantic relationship, and their depression doesn’t seem obvious.  But, at the same time, they are experiencing all of the characteristic symptoms of depression and are suffering in relative silence.

-excitable and energetic, with racing thoughts and very fast speech

-won’t sleep or eat much, and can engage in physically and financially risky behaviors

-on top of the world and feel that they can do anything they can imagine

individual has a low level of energy and motivation, they sleep more, and they don’t follow through with their plans. . .These are symptoms of what?

Psychosis caused by brain injury or disease. . .

-TBI

-Dementia

-Alzheimer's

-Parkinson’s

Examples of what?

Person expresses anxieties through physical complaints

Pain that has no identifiable organic, physical cause

Person is preoccupied with fears of having a serious illness or disease . . .

Severe emotional conflicts are “converted” into physical symptoms or a physical disability. . .

Sally is very nervous about the first day of school, and that morning she wakes up with a very real-to-her tummy ache. Her anxiety, which she doesn’t know how to deal with, manifests as a physical complaint, which she can identify and treat. Another example: a young man is frustrated because today is his wedding day but his hands seem to be constantly sweaty; his anxiety about his wedding leads to his palms being sweaty

Jeremy’s knee is killing him and it hurts every time he bends his leg. He goes to the ER and they do x-rays and run other tests, but they can’t find any identifiable physical reason why he is having such an intense amount of pain. Follow up tests with experts don’t reveal any indication of tissue or skeletal damage. He starts to wonder if he’ll ever be out of pain, until his doctor suggests that maybe it would be helpful for him to go talk to a clinician about how hard it is for him to be in this much pain. At the therapists office, Jeremy talks about how much stress he’s under at work, and how sometimes it feels like the world is crushing him. Eventually, he realizes that the pain in his knee is linked to his stress.

Alex is convinced that she has diabetes. She keeps a notebook of her possible symptoms, including each and every time she goes to pee, how well she sleeps every night, she how thirsty she is throughout the day. She takes her notes to her doctor and expresses her concerns. The doctor says her behavior seems normal and healthy, but they can do an A1C check anyway to see if she is diabetic. When her tests come back normal, Alex refuses to believe that the results are accurate and she wants a second opinion. She goes to an endocrinologist but is told the same thing; according to the test results, she doesn’t have diabetes. Alex is still in disbelief and spends hours pouring through internet sources and discussion boards to find other cases where people have received negative results only to find out later they actually do have diabetes. She calls the endocrinologist again to get another round of tests. This goes on and on, and Alex spends almost all her time fretting about the possibility that she could have diabetes.

A young boy watches in terror as his father is murdered. The trauma of the event is too much for him to psychologically handle, and he cannot handle the memories of what he saw. In order to protect his delicate psyche, his ability to process visual stimuli is “shut off” and he suddenly becomes blind. No, he’s not actually blind, his eyes are fine and his occipital lobe is just fine too. But, nothing will be allowed to filter through into visual understanding. For all his brain cares, he might as well be blind, because it’s better than having to ever witness anything as terrible as his father’s murder ever again. Some terms that we’ve already discussed that you can relate to this condition are 1. hysteria and 2. mind/body debate

involves the development of altered personality types in order to cope with trauma. . .

Inability to recall one’s name, address, or past-> When one’s own life hits a traumatic moment, that life might be hard to cope with. When that happens, taking a step back from everything, who you are, where you live, where you come from, etc. becomes far easier to do than actually handling the way your life has gone.

Sudden, unplanned travel away from home and confusion about personal identity. . .

Hallucination: Feel/see/hear something not really there. . .

Is it Anxiety-based, affect, neurocognitive, somatic symptom, dissociative, psychotic disorder?

Delusions: marked by the presence of deeply held false beliefs. . .

Is it Anxiety-based, affect, neurocognitive, somatic symptom, dissociative, psychotic disorder?

Symptoms of disturbed thoughts & emotions : uncoordinated thoughts, flat affect and garbled word salad. . . Is it Psychotic, dissociative, somatic symptom, neurocognitive, affect, or anxiety-based disorder?

Personality disorganization: Inconsistent personality traits

Is it Anxiety-based, affect, neurocognitive, somatic symptom, dissociative, psychotic disorder?

our most severe form of psychosis characterized by hallucinations, delusions, apathy, thinking abnormalities, and “split” between thoughts and emotions. Emotions may become blunted or very inappropriate, the person will likely withdrawal from contact with others, there will be a loss of interest in external activities and a breakdown of personal habits, and, overall, there will be an inability to deal with daily events

Near complete personality disintegration

Incoherence, grossly disorganized behavior, bizarre thinking, and flat or grossly inappropriate emotions

Stupor, same position for hours or days

Period of rigidity resemble tendency to “freeze” at times of emergency or panic

Involves delusions that are related to a single theme, esp. grandeur or persecution

Most common

Oftentimes called psychopaths or sociopaths

Typically emotionally shallow, impulsive, selfish, and manipulative toward others

Create a good first impression and are often charming; may cheat their way through life

Person lacks a conscience

Seem to be incapable of feeling guilt, shame, fear, loyalty, or love

Many are delinquents or criminals (but not all)

The term borderline was developed to explain situations where someone was between a diagnosis of psychosis and neurosis, because they often show delusions (no one loves me, everyone will leave me, I’ll always be alone no matter what) as well as features of neurotic or overly tumultuous behaviors