Font size
WorksheetsIntroduction to ICT and Communication Basics
Total questions: 150
Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins
Which statement best defines ICT in a computing context?
Technologies enabling access to information via telecommunication
Tools for artistic creation without network connectivity
Mechanical devices that replace manual labor in factories
Local storage media used for archiving offline documents
Which is the primary focus area within ICT?
Communication among users and systems
Manufacturing of hardware components
Financial accounting automation
Graphic design and video editing
Which option lists common ICT technologies?
Internet, radio communication, cellular networks
Printers, scanners, projectors
Keyboards, mice, displays
BIOS, firmware, device drivers
Which phrase best describes information in computing?
Meaningful data that leads to knowledge
Raw bits without any structure
Encrypted content undecipherable to users
Random signals transmitted over networks
What does communication involve in ICT?
Sending and receiving information between parties
Storing data on local devices only
Executing arithmetic operations on numbers
Rendering graphics for visual media
Which set lists primary methods of communication?
Text, voice, video
Touch, gesture, posture
Image, animation, infographic
Cipher, code, hash
Which scenario exemplifies one-to-many communication?
A presenter addressing an audience
Two friends messaging privately
A helpdesk ticket replied individually
A peer-to-peer file transfer session
Which description fits synchronous communication?
Interaction occurring at the same time
Exchange happening at different times
Messages stored until later retrieval
Content posted for delayed responses
Which description fits asynchronous communication?
Interaction occurring at different times
Live exchange with immediate feedback
Real-time voice over IP session
Simultaneous collaborative editing
Which statement about ICT’s societal impact is accurate?
ICT transforms daily activities across society
ICT only affects entertainment industries
ICT is limited to academic research use
ICT primarily replaces all human jobs
Which term matches: meaningful data that leads to knowledge?
Information
Noise
Signal
Protocol
Which statement best defines a computer?
Electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes data
Mechanical tool for manual data recording
Analog machine for continuous signal amplification
Standalone calculator without memory capability
Which are examples of computer processes?
Outputting data, logical decisions, manipulating data
Heating components, spinning fans, charging batteries
Printing pages, binding books, laminating sheets
Tracking time, ringing alarms, flashing lights
Which set lists core characteristics of computers?
Speed, accuracy, storage, automation
Weight, color, size, material
Elegance, creativity, intuition, empathy
Popularity, cost, brand, warranty
Which communication type suits emergency alerts sent to many users at once?
One-to-many broadcasting
One-to-one private messaging
Peer-to-peer tunneling
Mesh-linked routing
Posting a question on a forum and getting replies hours later is which type?
Asynchronous communication
Synchronous communication
Real-time conferencing
Time-bound streaming
Why is information distinguished from raw data in ICT?
It has context and supports knowledge
It is randomly generated numbers
It is always encrypted by default
It cannot be processed by computers
Which characteristic most enables computers to perform logical decision making?
Math and logic operations
Physical durability of cases
High-resolution displays
Wireless antenna strength
Which phrase best defines the Internet?
Global computer network
Public social media platform
Single company intranet
Local office LAN only
What does WWW stand for?
World Wide Web
Wireless Wide Web
World Wired Web
Wide World Web
Which protocol is primarily used by the web to transfer pages?
HTTP
SMTP
FTP
SSH
Which set lists common applications of computers?
Education, Science research, Banking
Gardening, Cooking, Painting
Astrology, Mythology, Folklore
Hiking, Camping, Fishing
Which items are considered technology in everyday life?
Quill pen, Radio, Paper, Smartphones
Trees, Rivers, Mountains, Clouds
Shoes, Shirts, Hats, Gloves
Sand, Water, Wind, Fire
Which three core operations must a computer perform?
Store data, Retrieve data, Process data
Print pages, Scan photos, Fax documents
Charge battery, Cool CPU, Spin fans
Compile code, Debug apps, Ship releases
Which sectors commonly use the Internet?
Education, Communication, Banking, Transportation, Commerce
Farming alone, without logistics or sales
Only entertainment streaming services
Exclusive military networks only
How does ICT support learning beyond the classroom?
Access content online, Watch videos, Collaborate, Submit via LMS
Limit study to printed handouts only
Require attendance without online resources
Block communication among students entirely
Which benefit describes a Learning Management System (LMS)?
Centralizes assignments, instructions, resources, grades
Only provides video conferencing features
Replaces all face‑to‑face teaching automatically
Functions solely as a file compression tool
Which platform is an example of an LMS?
Moodle
Photoshop
MySQL
Ubuntu
What does RAM stand for in computing?
Random Access Memory
Rapid Allocation Module
Readily Available Memory
Restricted Access Machine
Which group typically controls ICT standards?
An international group of organizations and businesses
A single local school’s IT department
Individual end users on social media
Only national tax authorities
Which languages are commonly categorized as computer programming languages?
Java, SQL, C, JavaScript
HTML, CSS, Markdown, LaTeX
English, French, Spanish, German
COBOL, Fortran, BASIC, Assembly
Which statement best explains how an LMS improves accessibility?
Provides course materials and grades accessible anytime
Limits access to campus networks only at night
Requires printed submissions during office hours
Removes all online content after exams
Which protocol would you use to fetch web pages in a browser?
HTTP
IMAP
SFTP
Telnet
Which description fits ICT in education practices?
Formal learning outside class, online access, collaboration
Solely handwritten notes, no devices, no media
Only in‑person lectures without digital support
Offline textbooks with no interactive tools
Which phrase correctly identifies the World Wide Web?
A service on the Internet delivering hyperlinked content
The physical cables that form the Internet backbone
A government registry of IP addresses worldwide
A private corporate network limited to employees
Which set lists common display standards used for rendering images?
Postscript, MPEG-2, JPEG, PNG
ASCII, Unicode, EBCDIC, UTF-8
MPEG-4, MP3, DVD-ROM, WAV
XML, RSS, SIP, SOAP
Which group represents character set standards for encoding text?
ASCII, Unicode, EBCDIC
MPEG-2, JPEG, PNG
IP, TCP, UDP
SATA, SCSI, NVMe
Which list contains multimedia standards for audio and video?
MPEG-2, MPEG-4, MP3, DVD-ROM
ASCII, Unicode, EBCDIC, BCD
Postscript, PNG, GIF, BMP
XML, RSS, SIP, JSON
Which protocol suite enables communication across local and wide networks?
IP/TCP
SATA
XML
MPEG-4
Which protocol connects computer systems to storage devices?
SATA
IP
TCP
RSS
Which group lists protocols developed to meet new demands such as web feeds and signaling?
XML, RSS, SIP
ASCII, Unicode, EBCDIC
JPEG, PNG, GIF
IP, TCP, UDP
Which sequence correctly lists phases of database development?
Planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation, Maintenance
Design, Coding, Testing, Deployment, Retirement
Discovery, Ideation, Prototyping, Launch, Support
Requirements, Modeling, Compilation, Release, Patch
Which set identifies advantages of a DBMS?
Improved sharing, security, access, decisions
Lower storage, faster CPU, cheaper power
Automatic backups, zero latency, free licensing
Simpler code, fewer tables, no indexes
Which list captures common disadvantages of DBMS?
Higher costs, complexity, upgrades, replacements
Limited users, no queries, single format
No transactions, no security, no logging
Fixed schema, immutable data, no joins
Virtualization is best described as which concept?
Software-based computer system
Physical-only server clustering
Analog circuit emulation
Direct hardware passthrough
Do standards help ensure technologies interoperate successfully?
Yes
No
Only for graphics
Only for storage
Are technology makers legally required to follow industry standards?
No
Always
Only in Europe
Only for networks
What is a likely consequence when an ICT product does not meet industry standards?
Equipment might not work with others
It will always be faster
Security is guaranteed
Licensing becomes unnecessary
Which option is a valid top-level domain example?
.kz
.com/page
.localhost:8080
ftp://server
The Input–Process–Output (IPO) model is part of computer system architecture. Choose the best statement.
True
False
Only for networks
Only for multimedia
Which are the main components in the IPO model?
Input, Output, Storage mechanism
CPU, GPU, RAM modules
Encode, Decode, Compress data
Login, Query, Report results
From an architectural perspective, a computer system is self-contained and includes which elements?
Hardware, Software, Data, Communication
Users, Policies, Budget, Training
Browser, Plugins, Tabs, History
Cables, Screws, Fans, Case
Which category do JPEG and PNG belong to within computing standards?
Display standards
Character encodings
Multimedia codecs
Network protocols
Which statement best matches the role of RSS within modern protocols?
A web feed standard
A storage bus
A video codec
A character set
Which set lists core physical components of a computer system?
CPU, memory, I/O devices, long-term storage
CPU, browser, router, spreadsheet software
GPU, email client, WiFi password, clipboard
Monitor cable, wallpaper theme, mouse pad, shortcut
Which statement best describes hardware’s role in a computer system?
Provides input and output pathways
Writes user applications
Defines communication protocols
Encrypts all stored data
Which statement about the data component is correct?
Contains facts and observations about the system
Implements device drivers for peripherals
Displays the graphical user interface
Authenticates users via biometrics
Which list includes examples of input/output devices?
Keyboard, microphone, network card or WiFi
Compiler, interpreter, linker or loader
Spreadsheet, database, email or browser
Cache, register, pipeline or branch
What is a primary purpose of standards in computing?
Ensure that our systems work universally
Increase electricity consumption universally
Prevent any software from being updated
Eliminate all network latency globally
Which statement correctly characterizes a system?
Components linked together forming a single unit
A random set of unrelated files and folders
Only a physical device without software
Only software running without any hardware
Can a system component include sub-systems?
Yes, components can include sub-systems
No, components cannot include sub-systems
Only in cloud deployments, not locally
Only if standardized by one vendor
Must the links in a system be tangible and physical?
No, links can be virtual or intangible
Yes, links must be tangible and physical
Only links inside the CPU are virtual
Links are always encrypted and physical
What makes a system recognizable as a single unit?
Coherent components linked with purpose
A single vendor manufactures all parts
Presence of a touchscreen interface
Use of proprietary file formats
Which best defines the environment relative to a system?
Anything outside of the system
Any software installed on the system
Only external storage devices
Only the local area network
Which statement about distributed processing systems is accurate?
Architecture distributing information across components
A single CPU running all tasks locally
Only peer devices with no central control
Hardware-only design without any software
Which list shows types of distributed processing systems?
Client-server, cloud computing, peer-to-peer
Mainframe batch, desktop GUI, command-line
Single-user local, offline mode, kiosk-only
Analog circuit, microcontroller, sensor array
In the client-server model, what occurs first in a typical interaction?
A client requests data from the server
The server copies data to all clients
Clients broadcast data to each other
The network blocks all client requests
Which component pair correctly matches responsibility?
Software—directs processing; hardware—executes
Hardware—defines protocols; data—encrypts
Communication—stores files; software—prints
Data—manages memory; hardware—compiles
Which example best illustrates a virtual link within a system?
API call connecting two services
HDMI cable connecting a monitor
Power cord connecting a desktop
SATA cable connecting a hard drive
Which description best distinguishes peer-to-peer from client-server?
Peers both request and serve resources
Clients only execute local scripts
Servers broadcast to all peers always
Peers cannot store or share resources
Which term describes computing where machines act as equals without a central server?
Peer-to-peer computing
Client–server model
Mainframe batch mode
Distributed control plane
Which is a major branch of computer software?
System software
Middleware layer
Firmware bundle
Open-source license
SaaS is best expanded as which phrase?
Software as a Service
Storage as a Solution
Systems as a Service
Security as a Subscription
PaaS stands for which cloud model?
Platform as a Service
Processing as a System
Program as a Service
Portal as a Solution
IaaS refers to which cloud offering?
Infrastructure as a Service
Integration as a System
Instance as a Subscription
Interface as a Service
Which is a disadvantage of peer-to-peer networks?
Difficult to locate services
Requires central server
No file sharing possible
Guaranteed version control
Which is an advantage of peer-to-peer networks?
Easy to set up
Requires complex servers
Prevents file sharing
Enforces strict hierarchy
How do low-level and high-level languages mainly differ?
Low-level closer to hardware
High-level faster than CPU
Low-level uses English syntax
High-level cannot compile
The acronym URL stands for what phrase?
Uniform Resource Locator
Universal Routing Link
Unified Record Line
User Request Locator
Which is NOT a purpose of system software?
Software for the user
Manage hardware resources
Provide operating services
Support application runtime
Software divides into which two major branches?
System and application
Network and storage
Kernel and drivers
Open and proprietary
Languages used directly by hardware are called what?
Low-level languages
High-level languages
Markup notations
Scripting dialects
What is the purpose of a programming language?
Help programmers write software
Encrypt network traffic
Replace operating systems
Optimize cloud billing
A client requesting information from a server exemplifies which architecture?
Client–server architecture
Peer-to-peer topology
Serverless orchestration
Mesh overlay network
Virtualized hardware systems are primarily used in which cloud model?
IaaS
SaaS
PaaS
FaaS
Which is NOT a major cloud computing model?
Hardware as a Service
Software as a Service
Platform as a Service
Infrastructure as a Service
What does ALU expand to in a CPU?
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Adaptive Load Utility
Advanced Link Unit
Analog Logic Utility
Which statement best defines peer-to-peer disadvantages?
Hard to secure and synchronize
Guaranteed reliability and backups
Centralized control improves access
Lower setup requires enterprise gear
Which component is NOT part of software?
CPU
File system
Application
Network card
Cloud computing typically includes which set of elements?
Servers, applications, platforms, storage
Printers, keyboards, monitors, mice
BIOS, firmware, cache, registers
Folders, files, shortcuts, widgets
Which is NOT an example of asynchronous communication?
Phone conversation
Email message
Forum post
Recorded lecture
Which device is primarily used for data storage?
Hard drive
CPU
GPU
Router
What is typically meant by “environment” in computing contexts?
Anything outside the border
Only the desktop wallpaper
Just the hardware case
Only network settings
Memory is _________ and storage is _________.
Temporary, permanent
Permanent, temporary
Volatile, virtual
Nonvolatile, dynamic
An operating system is best classified as what type of software?
System software
Utility software
Application software
Middleware software
What does an operating system interface with?
System hardware and application software
Only the web browser and email client
Just the CPU without memory
External peripherals only
A single-tasking operating system allows what?
Only one process at a time
Unlimited concurrent processes
Two processes with equal priority
One user but many processes
Most modern operating systems are characterized by which capabilities?
Multi-tasking, multi-user, multi-processing
Single-tasking, single-user, single-core
Batch-only, offline-only, text-only
Stateless, serverless, trustless
Application software is primarily designed for whom?
The user
The kernel
The firmware
The hypervisor
Which is a category of application software mentioned?
Basic applications
Kernel modules
Device drivers
System daemons
Which statement best describes specialized applications?
Usually requires a high degree of skill
Always runs on embedded systems
Never needs user training
Only works without an operating system
What is an interface in computing?
The way a user communicates with a computer
A hardware-only assembly process
A network cable specification
A proprietary licensing scheme
CLI stands for what?
Command Line Interface
Compiled Language Interpreter
Core Logic Interconnect
Client Link Infrastructure
Which pairing correctly matches OS role to function?
Interface between user and hardware
Graphic design for images
Encryption of all network traffic
Automatic cloud backups always
Which component set belongs to system hardware the OS manages?
CPU, memory, storage devices
Word processors, spreadsheets
Email clients, web browsers
Icons, windows, menus
Which user interface requires typed commands?
CLI
GUI
NUI
VUI
Which statement about memory versus storage aligns with typical OS behavior?
Memory holds working data temporarily
Storage runs the CPU permanently
Memory is slower than archival tape
Storage is erased on power loss always
GUI stands for what term in computing?
Graphical User Interface
Global User Integration
General Utility Interface
Graphical Usage Interconnect
Which statement best describes an operating system (OS)?
System software interfacing user and hardware
Hardware that stores user applications
Network service translating domain names
Program compiling high-level code
In systems thinking, what is a boundary?
Separation between environment and system
Connection between client and server
Rule that limits IP address ranges
Interface between user and software
A process is best defined as which of the following?
Sequence of steps to reach a result
Single instruction executed by CPU
Graphical display of user actions
Domain that hosts a website
What term refers to anything outside the border of a system?
Environment
Interface
Protocol
Framework
The maximum amount of RAM that can be installed is limited by which component?
Motherboard
Power supply
Graphics card
Network adapter
A set of components linked together to function as one unit is called a what?
System
Protocol
Network
Process
Which example shows a correctly formatted IPv4 address requirement?
192.168.10.254 with octets 0–255
192.168.10.254 with octets 0–1024
192.168.10.254 with five octets
192.168.10.254 with hex values
In web addressing, a domain is what?
Unique name that identifies a website
Numerical label for a host device
Protocol used for secure transfer
Software that compiles page scripts
What tools convert human instructions into machine language?
Compilers and interpreters
Routers and switches
Browsers and servers
Keyboards and monitors
Client–server architecture primarily involves what interaction?
A client requesting information from a server
Servers compiling client applications
Clients assigning IP addresses to routers
Servers rendering graphical interfaces
Which HCI component studies how the mind processes information?
Cognitive psychology
Network topology
Compiler optimization
Graphical theming
What are two primary categories of software elements?
Application and operating systems
Firmware and microcode
Drivers and middleware
Protocols and standards
Which action does NOT use basic software?
Designing a bridge using West Point Bridge Designer
Opening a document in a word processor
Browsing pages with a web browser
Editing images with a photo editor
Which best explains the role of DNS in networking?
Translates domain names to IP addresses
Assigns RAM addresses to processes
Compiles source code to machine code
Manages GUI window rendering
In HCI, why is cognitive psychology relevant to interface design?
It informs how users perceive and process information
It optimizes packet routing across subnets
It standardizes domain registration procedures
It increases compiler throughput on servers
Which pairing correctly matches layer and function in client–server interaction?
Client sends request; server provides response
Server sends request; client compiles code
Client assigns IP; server translates domain
Server renders GUI; client manages RAM
The goal of HCI is to create systems for humans to use even if they are difficult and complicated.
True
False
Only for experts
Only for programmers
What are the three components of HCI?
Human, Computer, Interaction
Hardware, Software, Network
User, Data, Protocols
Input, Processing, Output
What is the golden rule of HCI?
People should come first
Systems should come first
Data should come first
Interfaces should come first
HCI focuses on beautification or adding features to user interfaces.
True
False
Only sometimes
Only for games
What was the purpose of ARPANET?
To share research information
To provide commercial shopping
To stream entertainment content
To host social media platforms
What came first, the internet or the web?
The internet
The web
They launched together
Neither existed before 1995
There are more than 1 billion websites on WWW.
True
False
Only in English
Only public sites counted
Which statement is true about how the internet and the web affect economies?
Anyone anywhere can start an online business
Only large firms can sell online worldwide
Online markets are limited to local regions
E-commerce requires government ownership
The WWW created distribution networks where information is no longer concentrated in a few locations.
True
False
Only for universities
Only for government sites
What is NOT true of a network?
Networks usually do not have internal connections
Networks connect devices to share resources
Networks can use wired or wireless links
Networks may span small or large areas
A computer network must have more than 2 devices to be called a network.
True
False
Only for WANs
Only for LANs
What is the scale of a LAN?
Building, WiFi or Ethernet
Vicinity, Bluetooth devices
Country, ISP backbone
Global, submarine cables
What is the scale of a WAN?
Country, large ISP networks
Building, campus floor space
Room, wearable devices
Neighborhood, home routers
What scale of a network is the internet?
Global
City
Building
Vicinity
What is the most common type of network topology used today?
Star
Mesh
Bus
Ring
Networks are simple and can be described without using a networking model.
True
False
Only for small LANs
Only for PANs
What are the three basic layers of a networking model?
Physical, Application, Transport
Data, Link, Presentation
Session, Routing, Optical
User, Logic, Storage
Which is part of the five layers of the simplified layer model?
Application, Transport, Network, Data, Physical
Presentation, Session, Link, Optical, Logic
User, Interface, Storage, Routing, Compute
Access, Control, Compute, Visual, Process
Protocols are sets of rules.
True
False
Only wireless rules
Only hardware rules
What is the function of the physical layer?
Transmit data by voltage, RF, or light
Provide application services to programs
Route packets across internetworks
Encrypt sessions end to end
What is the function of the application layer?
Provides services to users and programs
Modulates signals on cables and fiber
Maintains routing tables for subnets
Splits frames for link aggregation
What is the most common form of network architecture on the internet?
Client-server
Peer-to-peer
Mesh-only
Ring-bus
Typically, the client ______ information from a server.
requests
stores
routes
encrypts
Typically, how do clients and servers interact?
Many-to-one, many clients to one server
One-to-one, single client to single server
One-to-many, server to multiple routers
Many-to-many, peers with equal control
Internet service providers (ISPs) connect websites to the internet.
True
False
Sometimes true
An IP address is __________.
a temporary login credential
the unique address of a computer on a network
a browser cookie identifier
an email routing alias
