Which term matches the definition: Process by which jobs are studied to determine the tasks and dynamics involved in performing them.

Which term matches the definition: Statement of the tasks involved in a given job and the conditions under which the holder of the job will work.

Which term matches the definition: Statement describing the kind of person who would be best for a given job— including the skills, education, and previous experience that the job requires.

Which term matches the definition: Process of attracting appropriate applicants for an organization's jobs.

Which term matches the definition: Members of the human resources staff who are responsible for obtaining new job candidates.

Which term matches the definition: Summary of education, experience, and personal data compiled by the applicant for a job.

Which term matches the definition: Session or procedure for acclimating a new employee to the organization.

Which term matches the definition: Evaluation of an employee's work according to specific criteria.

Which term matches the definition: Payment to employees for their work.

Which term matches the definition: Cash payment based on a calculation of the number of hours the employee has worked or the number of units the employee has produced.

Which term matches the definition: Weekly, monthly, or yearly cash compensation for work.

Which term matches the definition: The idea that a person should be paid the same amount as someone else for doing work that has the same value for their employer, whatever age, sex, or race they are.

Which term matches the definition: Cash payments to employees who produce at a desired level or whose unit (often the company as a whole) produces at a desired level.

Which term matches the definition: Cash payment in addition to the regular wage or salary, which serves as a reward for achievement.

Which term matches the definition: Payments to employees who achieve a certain percentage of sales made.

Which term matches the definition: System for distributing a portion of the company's profits to employees.

Which term matches the definition: Plan for rewarding employees not on the basis of overall profits but in relation to achievement of goals such as cost savings from higher productivity.

Which term matches the definition: Accepting a lower base pay in exchange for bonuses based on meeting production or other goals.

Which term matches the definition: Pay keyed to an employee's acquisition of skills; also called skill-based pay.

Which term matches the definition: Compensation other than wages, salaries, and incentive programs.

Which term matches the definition: Special class of employee benefits made available to a company's most valuable employees.

Which term matches the definition: Government-sponsored program for assisting employees who are laid off or, to a lesser extent, who quit their jobs.

Which term matches the definition: Company-sponsored programs for providing retirees with income.

Which term matches the definition: Program enabling employees to become owners or part owners of a company.

Which term matches the definition: Company-sponsored counseling or referral plan for employees with personal problems.

Which term matches the definition: Act of getting rid of an employee through layoffs or firing.

Which term matches the definition: Termination of employees for economic or business reasons.

Which term matches the definition: Longevity in a position or company, frequently used as a basis for making human resources decisions (compensation, termination, and so on).

Which term matches the definition: Job-hunting and other assistance that a company provides to laid-off employees.

Which term matches the definition: Employer's right to keep or terminate employees as it wishes.

Which term matches the definition: Firing an employee with inadequate advance notice or explanation.

Which term matches the definition: Required dismissal of an employee who reaches a certain age.

Which term matches the definition: A situation in which employees buy shares in a company or part of a company in order to gain control of it.

Which term matches the definition: Group of people whose interactions are structured into goal-directed activities.

Which term matches the definition: Formal patterns designed by managers to define work tasks and individual jobs, to establish reporting relationships, and to coordinate all organizational tasks.

Which term matches the definition: Diagram showing how employees and tasks are grouped and where the lines of communication and authority flow.

Which term matches the definition: Structure linking activities at the top of the organization with those at the middle and lower levels.

Which term matches the definition: Specialization in or responsibility for some portion of an organization's overall work tasks; also called work specialization.

Which term matches the definition: Obligation to perform the duties and to achieve the goals and objectives associated with a particular position.

Which term is defined as the necessity to report results to supervisors and justify outcomes that fall below expectations?

Which term refers to power granted by the organization to make decisions and take actions to accomplish goals?

Which concept is the assignment of authority and responsibility to lower-level managers and employees?

Which term describes the pathway for the flow of authority from one management level to the next?

Which organizational system establishes a clear line of authority flowing from the top down?

Which organizational system has a clear chain of command but also includes functional groups of people who provide advice and specialized services?

Which group consists of functional experts who supplement the line organization by providing advice and specialized services?

Which concept refers to the number of people under one manager's control; also known as span of control?

Which organizational structure is characterized by a narrow span of management and many hierarchical levels?

Which organizational structure is characterized by a wide span of management and few hierarchical levels?

Which action involves laying off employees in an effort to become more profitable?

Which concept describes the concentration of decision-making authority at the top?

Which concept involves delegating decision-making authority to employees in lower positions?

What term describes grouping people within an organization according to function, division, teams, matrix, or network?

Which approach groups workers according to their similar skills, resource use, and expertise?

Which approach groups departments according to similarities in product, process, customer, or geography?

Which divisional structure is based on products?

Which divisional structure is based on the major steps of a production process?

Which divisional structure focuses on customers or clients?

Which divisional structure is based on location?

Which approach involves assigning functional employees to teams that handle specific work tasks?

Which type of team has members responsible for an entire process or operation?

Which method permanently assigns employees to both a functional group and a project team, using functional and divisional patterns simultaneously?

Which statement identifies disadvantages of matrix departmentalization? Select all that apply.

Which method assigns employees to a functional group but also temporarily assigns them to a specific project?

Which approach electronically connects separate companies that perform selected tasks for a small headquarters organization?

Which structure coordinates activity by facilitating communication and information exchange across departments?

Which term refers to all written and electronic forms of sharing information, processing data, and communicating ideas within an organization?

Which group consists of people from several departments who are temporarily brought together to address a specific issue?

Which manager coordinates activities of several functional departments but belongs to none of them?

Which interactions are not defined by the formal structure but influence how the organization accomplishes its goals?

Which communication network of the informal organization consists of unofficial channels through which information, both accurate and inaccurate, spreads among employees?

Which activity seeks to broaden one's effectiveness in an organization or industry by forming relationships with others in the same and related fields?

Which experienced member of an organization serves as a guide and protector to a lower-level employee?

Which set of values and norms guides and influences the attitudes and behavior of employees and managers within a company?

Which employees have the entrepreneurial spirit to develop innovative ideas within the organization?

Combination of intermediaries and channels that a producer uses to get a product to end users. Choose the correct term.

Firm's overall plan for moving products to intermediaries and final customers. Choose the correct term.

Businesspeople and organizations that channel goods and services from producers to consumers. Choose the correct term.

Distribution channels designed to move products from the customer back to the producer. Choose the correct term.

Approach to distribution that involves placing the product in as many outlets as possible. Choose the correct term.

Approach to distribution that relies on a limited number of outlets. Choose the correct term.

Approach to distribution in which intermediaries are given the exclusive right to sell a product within a given market. Choose the correct term.

Planned distribution channels in which members coordinate their efforts to optimize distribution activities. Choose the correct term.

Channel member that is able to influence the activities of the other members of the distribution channel. Choose the correct term.

Firms that sell products to other firms for resale or for organizational use. Choose the correct term.

Wholesalers that sell to industrial customers, rather than to retailers. Choose the correct term.

Firms that sell directly to the public. Choose the correct term.

Independent wholesalers that take legal title to products. Choose the correct term.

Wholesaling intermediaries that provide a wide variety of services to their customers, such as storage, delivery, and marketing support. Choose the correct term.

Merchant wholesalers that are responsible for setting up and maintaining displays in a particular store area. Choose the correct term.

Merchant wholesalers that offer fewer services than full-service wholesalers; they often specialize in particular markets, such as agriculture. Choose the correct term.

Merchant wholesalers that assume ownership of goods but don't take physical possession; commonly used to market agricultural and mineral products. Choose the correct term.

Wholesalers that do not take title to products but that receive a commission for selling products. Choose the correct term.

Agents that specialize in a particular commodity but not usually for an extended period of time. Choose the correct term.

Producer-owned operation that carries stock and sells it; also called a sales branch. Choose the correct term.

Producer-owned operation that markets products but doesn't carry any stock. Choose the correct term.

Policy of carrying merchandise that is ordinarily sold in a different type of outlet. Choose the correct term.

Retailers that sell a variety of goods below the market price by keeping their overhead low. Choose the correct term.

Evolutionary process by which stores that feature low prices are gradually upgraded until they forfeit their appeal to price-sensitive shoppers and are replaced by new competitors. Choose the correct term.

Retailers that offer bargain prices on quality merchandise by maintaining low overhead and acquiring merchandise at below-wholesale costs. Choose the correct term.

Low-priced stores that sell memberships to small retailers and consumer members. Choose the correct term.

Stores that carry only particular types of goods. Choose the correct term.

In physical distribution, goals a company sets for its performance in on-time delivery, cost, convenience, and other factors related to customer satisfaction. Choose the correct term.

Process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives. Choose the correct term.

Efforts to market neighborhoods, cities, states, regions, and even entire countries. Choose the correct term.

Marketing of concepts that provide intellectual or spiritual benefits. Choose the correct term.

Difference between a person's actual state and his or her ideal state; provides the basic motivation to make a purchase. Choose the correct term.

Things that are desirable in light of a person's experiences, culture, and personality. Choose the correct term.

Act of obtaining a desired object from another party by offering something in return. Choose the correct term.

Power of a good or service to satisfy a human need; four types (form, time, place, possession). Choose the correct term.

Consumer value created when a product's characteristics are made more satisfying. Choose the correct term.

Consumer value added by making a product available at a convenient time. Choose the correct term.

Consumer value added by making a product available in a convenient location. Choose the correct term.

Consumer value created when someone takes ownership of a product. Choose the correct term.

Situations in which demand for products exceeds supply, which may tempt marketers to pay less attention to customer satisfaction. Choose the correct term.

Situations in which supply exceeds demand and marketers need to pay close attention to customers' needs. Choose the correct term.

Approach to business management that stresses not only customer needs and wants but also long-term profitability and the integration of marketing with other functional units within the organization. Choose the correct term.

Quality that makes a product more desirable than similar products offered by the competition. Choose the correct term.

Features that distinguish one company's product from another. Choose the correct term.

From the table of marketing terms and definitions: Focus on fostering long-term customer loyalty. Which term matches this definition?

From the table of marketing terms and definitions: Individuals who buy goods or services for personal use. Which term matches this definition?

From the table of marketing terms and definitions: Customers who buy goods or services for resale or for use in conducting their own operations. Which term matches this definition?

From the table of marketing terms and definitions: Division of a market into subgroups of buyers that are likely to respond in consistent ways. Which term matches this definition?

From the table of marketing terms and definitions: Groups of individuals or organizations within a market that share certain common characteristics. Which term matches this definition?

From the table of marketing terms and definitions: Categorization of customers according to their geographic location. Which term matches this definition?

From the table of marketing terms and definitions: Classification of customers on the basis of their psychological makeup; the study and classification of people based on psychological characteristics, lifestyles, values, interests, and personality traits; goes beyond demographic data such as age, gender, or income. Which term matches this definition?

From the table of marketing terms and definitions: Method of combining geographic data with demographic data to develop profiles of neighborhood segments. Which term matches this definition?

From the table of marketing terms and definitions: Categorization of customers according to their relationship with products or response to product characteristics; the process of sorting and grouping customers based on the behaviors they exhibit, including the types of products and content they consume. Which term matches this definition?

Choose the term that matches the definition: Specific groups of customers to whom a company wants to sell a particular product.

Choose the term that matches the definition: Marketing program that offers a single standard product to all consumers; commonly known as mass marketing.

Choose the term that matches the definition: Marketing program aimed at a single market segment.

Choose the term that matches the definition: Marketing program aimed at several market segments, each of which receives a unique marketing mix.

Choose the term that matches the definition: Marketing program in which each individual customer is treated as a separate segment.

Choose the term that matches the definition: Blend of elements satisfying a chosen market.

Choose the term that matches the definition: Marketing elements— product, price, distribution (place), and promotion.

Choose the term that matches the definition: Anxiety following a purchase that prompts buyers to seek reassurance about the purchase; commonly known as buyer's remorse.

Choose the term that matches the definition: Refers to specialist markets or products which cater for a small number of customers; often a segment of a larger market.

Choose the term that matches the definition: Product that is very similar to other competitor products.

Choose the term that matches the definition: Product that is opposite to a commodity product, where consumers are mainly influenced by its 'feel good factor'.

Choose the term that matches the definition: Total value of a company’s sales calculated by multiplying the number of units sold by the price of each unit.

Choose the term that matches the definition: Refers to customers or products that are highly sensitive to price changes such that a small price increase leads to a large drop in demand.

Choose the term that matches the definition: Difference between the cost of producing a unit and the price of selling that unit, expressed as a percentage (e.g., $$10\%$$ margin).