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WorksheetsUnit Exam: Human Body Systems
Total questions: 63
Worksheet time: 37mins
Which component of the urinary system acts as the transport tube carrying urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
Urethra
Nephron
Ureter
Glomerulus
The liver's main digestive function is to produce bile, which is then stored in the gallbladder.
True
False
A patient presents with severe, sharp pain in the back and side, along with hematuria (blood in urine). They admit to drinking very little water. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Bladder Cancer
Kidney Stones (Renal Lithiasis)
BPH
Renal Failure
Which type of muscle tissue is characterized as being voluntary and striated?
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
Visceral Muscle
The shaft of a long bone is scientifically known as the:
Epiphysis
Diaphysis
Periosteum
Endosteum
In a urinalysis, the presence of significant amounts of glucose is a primary indicator for which condition?
(a)
Peristalsis is the medical term for the mechanical "churning" of food in the stomach.
True
False
What is the #1 preventable risk factor for developing Bladder Cancer?
A. A diet high in sugar
B. Smoking
C. Frequent UTIs
D. Dehydration
A bodybuilder works out lifting heavy weights, causing their muscles to grow larger. This increase in the size of muscle cells is known as:
Atrophy
Muscle Tone
Hypertrophy
Contraction
Which of the following is an example of mechanical digestion?
Amylase in the saliva breaking down starches.
Pepsin and HCl breaking down proteins in the stomach.
Mastication (chewing) of food in the mouth.
Bile emulsifying fats in the duodenum.
The condition where bones become porous and fragile due to loss of density is called:
Osteoarthritis
Osteoporosis
Scoliosis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Which of the following functions is performed by smooth muscle?
Pumping blood
Maintaining posture
Aiding digestion (peristalsis)
Women are more prone to Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) than men because they have a shorter urethra.
True
False
The primary digestive enzyme found in saliva is:
Pepsin
Amylase
Lipase
Bile
A patient’s chart notes they have an injury to a ligament in their knee. What is the correct term for this type of injury?
Strain
Sprain
Tendonitis
Bursitis
What is the primary function of the large intestine?
To absorb the majority of nutrients from food.
To produce bile and digestive enzymes.
To absorb water and electrolytes from chyme.
To break down proteins with acid.
Briefly explain why the stool output from an ileostomy is liquid, while the output from a colostomy is more formed or paste-like.
Because the colon absorbs water, making colostomy output more formed.
Because the ileum produces more mucus, making ileostomy output liquid.
Because the stomach digests food faster, affecting ileostomy output.
Because the rectum stores stool, making colostomy output paste-like.
Which medical treatment acts as an "artificial kidney" to filter blood for patients with end-stage renal failure?
Chemotherapy
Catheterization
Lithotripsy
Dialysis
The gut microbiome (bacteria) in the large intestine is responsible for synthesizing which essential vitamin?
Vitamin K
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin B12
A patient comes in after 6 weeks in a leg cast. When the cast is removed, the doctor notes the muscle on the casted leg is visibly smaller than the other. This condition is called:
Hypertrophy
Atrophy
Tendonitis
Muscle Tone
The Glomerulus is the part of the nephron responsible for reabsorbing water and nutrients back into the blood.
True
False
Where in the bone would you find red bone marrow, responsible for blood cell production?
In the medullary cavity of the diaphysis
In the spongy bone of the epiphyses
On the surface of the periosteum
Within the compact bone osteons
What is the acronym for the standard therapeutic response to an acute injury like a sprain?
P.A.C.E.
R.I.C.E.
F.A.S.T.
S.O.A.P.
A surgically created opening in the abdomen to reroute stool is called a(n):
Polypectomy
Colectomy
Stoma
Sphincter
GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) is caused by a weakening of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES).
True
False
In the anatomy of muscle attachment, what is the 'Origin'?
Which type of ostomy carries a much higher risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance?
Colostomy
Ileostomy
Both are equal
Neither poses a risk
The ball-and-socket joint, which allows for the widest range of motion, can be found in the:
Knee and Elbow
Shoulder and Hip
Wrist and Ankle
Neck and Vertebrae
If a doctor finds protein in a patient's urine, what does this suggest about the kidney's function? (Be specific about the structure involved.)
It suggests that the glomerulus is damaged and is allowing protein to pass into the urine.
It suggests that the renal pelvis is not filtering blood properly.
It suggests that the ureter is leaking protein into the urine.
It suggests that the collecting duct is reabsorbing too much protein.
A 25-year-old woman presents with droopy eyelids and difficulty swallowing, which she notes gets worse as the day progresses. Blood tests reveal antibodies blocking her neuromuscular junctions. What is the most likely condition?
ALS
Muscular Dystrophy
Fibromyalgia
Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
What is the term for the inflammation of a fluid-filled sac that cushions a joint?
Tendonitis
Bursitis
Sprain
Atrophy
In muscle anatomy, the attachment point on the movable bone is called the:
Insertion
Origin
Ligament
Tendon
Ulcerative Colitis is an Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus.
True
False
A patient has inflammation of a tendon from repetitive motion. This is called:
Tendonitis
Bursitis
Strain
Sprain
Which condition is a chronic disorder known for widespread pain, "fibro fog", and tender points?
ALS
Muscular Dystrophy (MD)
Fibromyalgia
Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
What are the tiny, finger-like projections that line the small intestine and absorb nutrients?
Villi
Cilia
Alveoli
Papillae
Which condition is a genetic disease that leads to progressive muscle weakness from a lack of the protein dystrophin?
Muscular Dystrophy (MD)
ALS
Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
Fibromyalgia
A CAUTI is an infection caused by the long-term use of a urinary catheter.
True
False
Which condition is a neurodegenerative disease that attacks motor neurons, breaking the link between the brain and muscles?
ALS
Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
Muscular Dystrophy (MD)
What is the tough, flexible cord that connects muscle to bone?
Ligament
Tendon
Origin
Insertion
41. (Short Answer) Explain how Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) causes difficulty with urination.
By compressing the urethra, making it harder for urine to pass.
By increasing urine production in the kidneys.
By causing bladder infections that block urine flow.
By reducing blood flow to the bladder.
Which type of bone tissue is dense, hard, and provides the main structural support for the body?
Spongy bone
Compact bone
Marrow
Cartilage
Cystitis is the specific medical term for an infection of the bladder.
True
False
Digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth with the aid of which enzyme?
Pepsin
Amylase
Lipase
Trypsin
Which ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to trigger a muscle contraction?
Sodium (NA)
Potassium (K)
Calcium (Ca)
Chloride (Cl)
Describe the relationship between dehydration and the formation of kidney stones.
Dehydration increases the risk of kidney stone formation by reducing urine volume and allowing minerals to crystallize.
Dehydration prevents kidney stones by flushing out minerals from the kidneys.
Dehydration has no effect on the formation of kidney stones.
Dehydration dissolves kidney stones and helps remove them from the body.
Which sphincter muscle prevents stomach acid from backing up into the esophagus (acid reflux)?
The "wavelike" smooth muscle contractions that move food through the alimentary canal are called:
Mastication
Peristalsis
Segmentation
Absorption
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating water reabsorption in the kidneys?
Insulin
Adrenaline
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Thyroxine
The breakdown of proteins begins in the stomach with the help of which acid?
Sulfuric acid
Acetic acid
Hydrochloric acid ( HCl )
Lactic acid
Kidney Stones are a common urinary tract issue.
True
False
Which of the following is the correct answer for: Peristalsis is movement; Churning is mechanical.
True
False - Peristalsis is movement; Churning is mechanical
Amylase is an enzyme that aids in digestion.
True
False
Explain the difference between ileostomy and colostomy output.
Ileostomy output is typically liquid and colostomy output is more solid.
Both ileostomy and colostomy outputs are always solid.
Ileostomy output is more solid than colostomy output.
Colostomy output is always liquid while ileostomy output is solid.
Which of the following is the correct answer for: Glomerulus filters; Tubules reabsorb.
True
False - Glomerulus filters; Tubules reabsorb
What does it mean if the Glomerulus is damaged?
It can lead to impaired kidney filtration and protein loss in urine.
It improves the kidney's ability to filter blood.
It causes increased urine production without any health effects.
It has no impact on kidney function.
Which of the following is the correct answer for: (Insertion)
Diabetes
Insertion
Hypertrophy
Osteoporosis
Ulcerative Colitis is colon only; Crohn's is mouth to anus.
True
False - Ulcerative Colitis is colon only; Crohn's is mouth to anus
Villi or microvilli are:
tiny finger-like projections that increase the surface area for absorption in the intestine
cells that produce digestive enzymes
blood vessels in the digestive tract
muscles that help in peristalsis
ALS is a neurodegenerative disease.
True
False
What happens when the prostate enlarges?
It can cause difficulty in urination.
It improves kidney function.
It increases testosterone production.
It leads to faster metabolism.
Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch.
True
False
Dehydration contributes to kidney stone formation by:
Increasing the concentration of minerals in urine, leading to crystal formation
Decreasing the risk of mineral buildup in the kidneys
Diluting urine, preventing stone formation
Enhancing the breakdown of kidney stones
