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WorksheetsMI Unit 3
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 10mins
Cytokines are
receptors on T-cells that help them to find and attack cancer cells.
messenger proteins that can direct the immune system response.
treatments that are normally used in conjunction with vaccines.
made in a lab to attack certain cancer cells.
An SNP profile is
the single-base difference in one gene between one individual and another individual.
the single-base pair differences in 2 or more genes.
the mutation in a gene that causes certain diseases.
the haplotype pair an individual possesses.
the sequence of DNA that allows for primer extension.
During which phase of a clinical study do they only test on 15-30 patients?
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
Phase IV
Oncolytic viruses
cause cervical cancer.
cause liver cancer.
turn on oncogenes.
are manufactured in a lab and target and kill cancer cells.
How is immunotherapy different than chemotherapy?
Immunotherapy attacks healthy cells while chemotherapy attacks only cancer cells.
Chemotherapy attacks both cancer cells and healthy cells while immunotherapy targets cancer cells.
Immunotherapy is targeted to one region while chemotherapy is systemic.
Immunotherapy is a surgical procedure while chemotherapy is a drug treatment.
The following describes which type of study? Prone to researcher bias.
Single-blind study
double-blind study
Both; single-blind and double-blind studies
How are scientists able to tell the difference between two different SNPs using PCR and gel electrophoresis?
A primer that matches one of the SNPs perfectly will continue to extend the sequence which will be longer and appear as a larger fragment on a gel.
Both DNA samples with the different SNPs will be copied but one of the SNPs will only be copied half as much and will appear lower on a gel.
Both DNA samples with the different SNPs will be copied but one of the SNPs will be copied doubled the amount as the other SNP sample and appear darker on a gel.
A primer will cut and destroy one of DNA samples with a particular SNP and will not show up on a gel at all.
The following describes which type of study? Subjects do not know which group they are assigned too.
Single-blind study
double-blind study
Both; single-blind and double-blind studies
The following describes which type of study? Researchers DON'T know who is assigned to which group
Single-blind study
double-blind study
Both; single-blind and double-blind studies
Which type of clinical trial has a control group and treatment group chosen at random?
Randomized, double-blind trials
Open trials
Factorial trials
Crossover trials
Orphan drug trials
Personalized medicine for a specific patient factors in all of the following except
age.
computer used in analysis.
genetics.
diet.
environmental factors.
Refer to the DNA sequences below:
DNA sample from patient:
From chromosome region (from mother)
GGATTACAAT
CCTAATGTTA
From chromosome region (from father)
GGATGACATT
CCTACTGTAA
The pair of DNA sequences above (both from the same patient) found on homologous chromosomes would be referred to as
an SNP.
a SNP profile.
a haplotype.
a genome.
During which phase of a clinical study do they determine a safe dosage range?
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
Phase IV
During which phase of a clinical study do they determine the drug's risk and benefits?
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
Phase IV
Bispecific monoclonal antibodies work by
blocking antigens on cancer cells to prevent them from growing and spreading.
targeting immune system checkpoint proteins.
binding both cancer cells targets and T-cells which helps T-cells to fight the cancer cells.
attaching mAbs to chemo drugs for targeted delivery to cancer cells.
Which type of clinical trial is tested on a small number of participants who are very sick?
Randomized, double-blind trials
Open trials
Factorial trials
Crossover trials
Orphan drug trials
The following describes which type of study? Prevents scientists from introducing any unconscious bias into the data collection process.
Single-blind study
double-blind study
Both; single-blind and double-blind studies
The GeneSight test evaluates the genetic variations that may affect how one responds to ________________ and has lead to __________________.
antidepressants; reduced prescriptions and lower costs
antibiotics; increased effectiveness in fighting infections
chemotherapy; decreased negative side effects
vaccinations; increased boost in immunity
A haplotype is
a single-base substitution in a region of DNA that is different from another genetic profile.
a person's reaction to a drug.
a combination of single-base substitutions in a region of DNA that is different from another genetic profile..
a pair of chromosomes that we inherit from both of our parents.
An adjuvant
binds checkpoint receptors on immune cells.
changes the gene expression in T-cells.
can help boost a cancer vaccine's effectiveness.
removes cytokines from the body.
