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Neuroanatomy and Development Worksheet (Translated to English)

Total questions: 123

Worksheet time: 1hrs 2mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which components are included in the anterior horns of the spinal cord?

a)

Motor neurons

b)

Associative and commissural neurons

c)

Sensory neurons

d)

Autonomic nuclei

2.

Where are the motor neurons of the spinal cord located?

a)

Anterior horns

b)

Lateral horns

c)

Posterior horns

d)

Posterior roots

3.

Which fibers pass through the posterior (dorsal) roots of the spinal cord?

a)

Afferent nerve fibers

b)

Preganglionic nerve fibers

c)

Efferent nerve fibers

d)

Postganglionic nerve fibers

4.

In which part of the spinal cord are the autonomic (vegetative) centers located?

a)

Lateral horns of the gray matter

b)

Posterior horns of the gray matter

c)

Anterior horns of the gray matter

d)

In the white matter

5.

Where are the cell bodies of sensory neurons located?

a)

Spinal (dorsal root) ganglia

b)

Anterior horns of the spinal cord

c)

Posterior horns of the spinal cord

d)

Lateral horns of the spinal cord

6.

Where are the sensory neurocytes that innervate skeletal muscles located?

a)

Spinal ganglia

b)

Anterior horns of the spinal cord

c)

Anterior roots of the spinal cord

d)

Posterior horns of the spinal cord

7.

Where are pseudo-unipolar (one-process) neurons located?

a)

In spinal ganglia

b)

In autonomic ganglia

c)

In the cerebellum

d)

In the cerebral cortex

8.

Which cells in the spinal ganglion perform the function of receiving excitation (afferent input)?

a)

Pseudo-unipolar neurocytes

b)

Microglial cells

c)

Oligodendroglial cells

d)

Stromal tissue cells

9.

Autonomic nerve ganglia develop from which embryonic structure?

a)

Ganglion plate (neural crest)

b)

Mantle layer of the neural tube

c)

Peripheral (pia) mater

d)

Brain vesicles

10.

All the following structures are present in intervertebral (spinal) ganglia except which one?

a)

Synapses

b)

Capsules

c)

Pseudo-unipolar neurocytes

d)

Satellite (glial) cells

11.

Associative sympathetic neurocytes of the spinal cord form nuclei in which part of the gray matter?

a)

Lateral horns

b)

Anterior column

c)

Posterior horns

d)

Anterior horns

12.

Motor neurocytes of the spinal cord form nuclei in which part of the gray matter?

a)

Anterior horns

b)

Posterior horns

c)

Anterior column

d)

Lateral horns

13.

Nerve ganglia develop from which embryonic source?

a)

Ganglion plate (neural crest)

b)

Mantle layer of the neural tube

c)

Peripheral (pia) mater

d)

Brain vesicle

14.

Which type of nerve forms the spinal nerve ganglion?

a)

Mixed nerve

b)

Ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord

c)

Ascending tracts of the spinal cord

d)

Motor roots of the spinal cord

15.

Which layers are distinguished in the enamel organ of the tooth?

a)

Inner, intermediate, and outer layers

b)

Layer of rounded cells

c)

Mesenchymal layer

d)

Basal layer

16.

What is called the myometrium?

a)

The muscular layer of the uterus

b)

The muscular layer of the heart

c)

The muscular membrane of the fallopian tubes

d)

The muscular membrane of the vagina

17.

Which nuclei are located in the anterior region of the hypothalamus?

a)

Supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei

b)

Arcuate (infundibular) nucleus

c)

Premamillary nucleus

d)

Clarke’s nucleus

18.

From what does the adenohypophysis develop?

a)

Epithelium of the oral cavity (Rathke’s pouch)

b)

Neuroblasts

c)

Coelomic epithelium

d)

Roof of the diencephalon

19.

Where are pituitocytes located?

a)

In the pineal gland

b)

In the pituitary gland

c)

In the hypothalamus

d)

In the fundic gastric glands

20.

After fertilization, after how many days does implantation of the embryo into the uterine wall occur?

a)

After 5 days

b)

After 7 days

c)

After 10 days

d)

After 1 day

21.

Which structure develops from endoderm?

a)

Epithelial lining of the gut and respiratory tract

b)

Dermatome

c)

Vertebral column (sclerotome)

d)

Epidermis of the skin

22.

During the gastrulation stage of embryogenesis, which event occurs?

a)

Formation of embryonic sheets

b)

Cleavage

c)

Formation of axial organs

d)

Segmentation of mesoderm into somites

23.

Which neurons are located in the external granular layer of the cerebral cortex hemispheres?

a)

Small pyramidal neurons

b)

Spindle-shaped neurons

c)

Pseudounipolar neurons

d)

Large stellate neurons

24.

What is the structural-functional unit of the formed placenta?

a)

Trophoblast

b)

Chorionic cytotrophoblast cells

c)

Lacuna

d)

Cotyledon

25.

Which embryonic bud is considered a derivative of the ectoderm?

a)

Ganglion plate

b)

Splanchnotome

c)

Nephrotome

d)

Somites

26.

What type of cleavage occurs in humans?

a)

Holoblastic, asynchronous, irregular

b)

Asynchronous, irregular

c)

Irregular, synchronous

d)

Asynchronous, complete, even

27.

Identify the type of human placenta:

a)

Epiteliochorial

b)

Endoteliochorial

c)

Desmochorial

d)

Hemochorial

28.

Which structures arise from the mesoderm?

a)

Somites, nephrotome, splanchnotome

b)

Skin epithelium, mesenchyme

c)

Splanchnotome, yolk sac epithelium

d)

Notochord, neural tube

29.

The primordium (anlage) of the chorion originates from which tissues?

a)

Embryonic node

b)

Endoderm and ectoderm

c)

Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

d)

Trophoblast and extraembryonic mesoderm

30.

Where do primordial germ cells form?

a)

In the endoderm of the yolk sac

b)

In the wall of the allantois

c)

In the excretory duct

d)

In the ovary

31.

What is the cortical reaction?

a)

Formation of the fertilization membrane

b)

Disintegration of the oocyte membrane

c)

Fusion of gametes

d)

Entry of spermatozoon into the oocyte

32.

Which organelle is absent in a mature oocyte?

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Cell center (centrosome)

c)

Polysomes

d)

Lysosomes

33.

What is observed in liver cirrhosis?

a)

Proliferation of connective tissue

b)

Hypertrophy of endothelium

c)

Proliferation of hepatocytes

d)

Dilatation of sinusoids

34.

In which organ is blood formation present only during the fetal period?

a)

Liver

b)

Bone marrow

c)

Lymph node

d)

Thymus

35.

Which myocytes develop from the neural tube?

a)

Iris myocytes

b)

Smooth myocytes of visceral walls

c)

Myoepitheliocytes

d)

Conducting cardiomyocytes

36.

Which neuron has a T-shaped branching process?

a)

Multipolar neuron

b)

Pseudounipolar neuron

c)

Neuroblast

d)

Unipolar neuron

37.

Where are the nodes of Ranvier located in a myelinated nerve fiber?

a)

At the boundary between adjacent Schwann cells (lemmocytes)

b)

In the mesaxon

c)

In the nuclear zone of lemmocytes

d)

Around lemmocytes

38.

Which cells line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord?

a)

Astrocytes

b)

Ependymoglia cells (ependymocytes)

c)

Oligodendroglia cells

d)

Multilayered prismatic epithelium

39.

A myelinated nerve fiber contains:

a)

A single axon

b)

One to three axons

c)

Many dendrites

d)

Two axis cylinders

40.

Where is the spinal ganglion located?

a)

In the posterior (dorsal) root of the spinal nerve

b)

In both anterior and posterior roots

c)

Along the lateral horns

d)

Along the posterior column of the spinal cord

41.

What is located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord?

a)

Medial and lateral somatomotor nuclei

b)

Intermediate and lateral nuclei

c)

Dorsal, medial, and lateral nuclei

d)

Medial and dorsal sensory nuclei

42.

In the cerebellar cortex, which layers are distinguished?

a)

molecular, ganglionic, granular

b)

molecular, ganglionic, polymorphic

c)

molecular, pear-shaped, pyramidal

d)

molecular, external and internal granular

43.

What is the developmental source of the ganglia of the autonomic nervous system?

a)

ganglionic plate (neural crest)

b)

forebrain vesicle

c)

endoderm

d)

placodes

44.

The lining epithelium of the stomach produces which substance?

a)

mucus

b)

protein

c)

hormones

d)

hydrogen ions

45.

Which are the specific organelles of neurons?

a)

myofibrils

b)

tonofibrils

c)

neurofibrils

d)

microtubules

46.

What is the functional classification of nerve endings?

a)

effector and afferent (afferent/effector)

b)

exteroceptors and interoceptors

c)

free and nonfree

d)

free only

47.

What is the structure of the periodontium?

a)

loose fibrous connective tissue

b)

bundles of collagen fibers

c)

collagen and elastic fibers

d)

calcified collagen fibers

48.

What is the structural type of the parotid (ear) gland?

a)

compound tubular

b)

compound tubuloalveolar

c)

compound alveolar

d)

simple alveolar

49.

What is the epithelium of the cheek (buccal mucosa)?

a)

simple squamous

b)

keratinized stratified squamous

c)

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

d)

pseudostratified ciliated

50.

What is meant by a lingual papilla?

a)

an invagination of the epithelium into the lamina propria

b)

a projection of the lamina propria bulging into the epithelium

c)

the submucosa invaginating into the mucosa

d)

the submucosa penetrating into the muscle layer

51.

The wall of the digestive tube consists of which layers?

a)

submucosa, muscle, serosa

b)

mucosa, muscle, serosa or epithelium

c)

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa or adventitia

d)

mucosa, submucosa, and cartilage

52.

Which cells form enamel?

a)

odontoblasts

b)

ameloblasts (enameloblasts)

c)

dentinoblasts

d)

fibroblasts

53.

The pulp of the enamel organ forms which structure?

a)

the enamel cuticle

b)

odontoblasts

c)

the dental pulp

d)

the cementum of the tooth

54.

In which cell of the fundic glands are secretory canaliculi and numerous mitochondria present?

a)

parietal cell

b)

chief cell

c)

mucous neck (accessory) cell

d)

endocrine cell

55.

What is the epithelium of the striated ducts of the salivary glands?

a)

simple columnar

b)

simple cuboidal

c)

simple squamous

d)

double-layered cuboidal

56.

Which tissue forms the dental pulp?

a)

loose, unmodeled connective tissue

b)

adipose tissue

c)

elastic connective tissue

d)

reticular tissue

57.

What is the epithelium of the gallbladder?

a)

low columnar

b)

simple squamous

c)

high columnar with a brush border

d)

pseudostratified ciliated

58.

What is the main function of the large intestine?

a)

absorption of water

b)

absorption of fats

c)

absorption of carbohydrates

d)

absorption of mucus

59.

What is the main function of the vermiform appendix?

a)

immunologic defense and production of lymphocytes

b)

digestion of cellulose

c)

absorption of nutrients

d)

evacuation of feces

60.

The intestinal appendage is:

a)

the vermiform appendix

b)

Brunner’s gland

c)

an intestinal villus

d)

an intestinal crypt

61.

Auerbach’s nerve plexus is located in which layer of the gastrointestinal tract wall?

a)

just beneath the epithelium

b)

in the submucosa

c)

in the subserosa

d)

in the muscular layer (between muscle coats)

62.

Hepatocyte secretion occurs into which structure?

a)

bile canaliculi

b)

intercalated ducts of the pancreas

c)

central veins

d)

lymphatic capillaries

63.

The thin segment of the nephron is lined by a single-layered:

a)

squamous epithelium

b)

cuboidal epithelium

c)

columnar epithelium

d)

ciliated epithelium

64.

The secretion of the pancreas:

a)

merocrine

b)

holocrine

c)

microapocrine

d)

apocrine and merocrine

65.

Identify the pancreatic islet cell that produces a hormone antagonistic to insulin:

a)

D-cells

b)

A-cells

c)

P-cells

d)

D1-cells

66.

Function of lamellar Vater–Pacinian corpuscles in the pancreas:

a)

sensation

b)

secretion

c)

movement

d)

conduction

67.

Epithelium of the small intestine:

a)

simple squamous

b)

simple cuboidal

c)

simple columnar with brush border

d)

stratified squamous

68.

Which hormones and biologically active substances are synthesized by the kidneys:

a)

renin, prostaglandins, erythropoietin

b)

renin, parathyrin, vasopressin

c)

somatostatin, renin, leukopoietin

d)

antidiuretic hormone, renin, erythropoietin

69.

Cells that ensure regeneration of the intestinal epithelium:

a)

brush-border cells

b)

undifferentiated cells

c)

goblet cells

d)

Paneth cells

70.

By structure, the fundic glands of the stomach are:

a)

simple alveolar branched

b)

simple alveolar unbranched

c)

simple tubular unbranched

d)

simple tubular branched

71.

Acidification of urine depends on the activity of which cells:

a)

dark cells of collecting ducts

b)

principal cells of collecting ducts

c)

cells of the distal straight tubule

d)

cells of the proximal tubule

72.

When the urinary bladder fills with urine, its epithelium:

a)

becomes multilayered

b)

forms nodules

c)

loses its folds

d)

becomes thinner

73.

Developmental sources of gastric epithelium and glands:

a)

mesenchyme

b)

mesoderm

c)

gut endoderm

d)

all of the above

74.

Cells of the pancreas that have mixed secretion:

a)

acino-insular cells

b)

centroacinar cells

c)

endocrine cells

d)

acinar cells

75.

Morpho-functional unit of the pancreas:

a)

acinus

b)

alveolus

c)

lobule

d)

follicle

76.

In which gastric cell is pepsinogen produced:

a)

chief cell

b)

covering (surface) cell

c)

mucous neck cell

d)

parietal cell

77.

Indicate the cells in the taste bud:

a)

epitheliosensory, supporting, basal

b)

epitheliosensory, fibroblast, basal

c)

neurosensory, supporting, basal

d)

receptor, supporting, dendritic

78.

Apical granular cells of the small intestine are:

a)

Paneth cells

b)

brush-border cells

c)

endocrine cells

d)

goblet cells

79.

Substance that influences sodium reabsorption in nephron tubules:

a)

aldosterone

b)

vasopressin

c)

angiotensin

d)

renin

80.

M-cells occur in the small intestine:

a)

in the epithelium of Peyer’s patches

b)

in the villus epithelium

c)

in the middle of the crypts

d)

at the base of the crypts

81.

The corpus luteum synthesizes:

a)

estrogen

b)

oxytocin

c)

folliculin

d)

progesterone

82.

Indicate the tongue papilla that undergoes reduction in adults:

a)

foliate papilla

b)

fungiform papilla

c)

filiform papilla

d)

conical papilla

83.

What is the developmental source of permanent kidney nephrons:

a)

metanephric blastema

b)

pronephros

c)

mesonephros

d)

coelomic epithelium

84.

Tishning emal qavati quyidagilardan tuzilgan

a)

prizmalar

b)

kanalchalardan

c)

plastinkalardan

d)

qoplama epiteliy

85.

To‘g‘ri ichakning oraliq soxasidagi epiteli

a)

ko‘p qavatli yassi muguzlanmaydigan

b)

bir qavatli prizmatik jiyakli

c)

ko‘p qavatli kubsimon

d)

bir qavatli kubsimon

86.

Nefronning qaysi bo‘limining hujayralari natriyni reabsorbsiya qiladi

a)

yig‘uv nayi

b)

proksimal bo‘lim

c)

Genle qovuzlog‘i

d)

distal bo‘lim hujayralari

87.

Og‘iz bo‘shligi epiteliyisining taraqqiyot manbai

a)

ektoderma

b)

endoderma

c)

selommik epiteliy

d)

ganglioz plastinka

88.

Buyrakda yukstavaskulyar (Gurmagtig) hujayralar joylashadi

a)

arteriolalar va nefronning distal bo‘limi o‘rtasida

b)

olib keluvchi va olib ketuvchi arteriolalar ichki qavatida

c)

olib keluvchi va olib ketuvchi arteriolalar o‘rta qavatida

d)

nefronning distal bo‘limi devorida

89.

Me’daning parietal hujayralarini eslatuvchi hujayralar

a)

yig‘uvchi naylarning to‘q hujayralari

b)

proksimal nay hujayralari

c)

nefron qovuzlog‘i hujayralari

d)

distal nay hujayralari

90.

Nefronning distal naylari epiteliysi

a)

bir qavatli kubsimon jiyaksiz

b)

bazal membranasi bor

c)

bazal membranasi yaxshi rivojlanmagan

d)

plazmolemma burmalarida mitoxondriyalar kam

91.

Buyrakni interstisial hujayralarni tuzilishidagi o‘ziga xoslik

a)

o‘simtalarga ega, osmiofil granulalar tutadi

b)

bazal burmadorlikka ega

c)

lipid donachali kiritmalar va jiyaklar tutadi

d)

jiyak va bazal burmadorlikka ega

92.

Buyrakda prostoglandin ishlovchi hujayralar

a)

interstisial

b)

mioepitelial

c)

yukstaglomerulyar

d)

mezangial

93.

Odam va hayvonlar a’zolarining taraqqiyoti, tuzilishi va faoliyatini o‘rganuvchi fan

a)

xususiy gistologiya

b)

umumiy gistologiya

c)

sitologiya

d)

gistologiya, sitologiya, embriologiya

94.

Spermatogenez bosqichlarining ketma-ketligini belgilang

a)

ko‘payish, shakllanish, o‘sish, etilish

b)

shakllanish, o‘sish, ko‘payish, etilish

c)

ko‘payish, o‘sish, etilish, shakllanish

d)

ko‘payish, o‘sish, shakllanish, etilish

95.

Spermatozoidlar hosil bo‘lish kechadi

a)

urug‘donning to‘g‘ri naylarida

b)

urug‘donning egri-bugri naylarida

c)

urug‘don to‘rida

d)

to‘g‘ri va egri bugri naylarda

96.

Spermatozoidlar hosil bo‘ladi

a)

egri-bugri naylarda

b)

to‘g‘ri naylarda

c)

urug‘don to‘ri naylarida

d)

urug‘don ortig‘ida

97.

Neyron yadrosiga to‘g‘ri ta’rif

a)

neyron odatda 1 ta yadroli

b)

neyron odatda ko‘p yadroli

c)

xromatin kuchli spirallangan

d)

yadrochalar 3 dan 7 tagacha bo‘ladi

98.

Prostata bezi tuzilishiga ko‘ra

a)

murakkab alveolyar

b)

oddiy naysimon

c)

oddiy alveolyar

d)

murakkab alveolyar-naysimon

99.

Ovogenezda katta o‘sish davri nima yordamida boshqariladi

a)

follitropin

b)

prolaktin

c)

progesteron

d)

somatotropin

100.

Buyrak usti bezining tutamli zona hujayralari nima ishlab chiqaradi

a)

glyukokortikoidlarni

b)

oksitotsinni

c)

katexolaminni

d)

androgenlarni

101.

Purinerjik neyronlardagi mediator turi

a)

noradrenalin

b)

adrenalin

c)

ATF

d)

atsetixolin

102.

Ko‘z gavharining asosini hosil qiladi

a)

mushak to‘qimasi

b)

biriktiruvchi to‘qima

c)

nerv to‘qima

d)

epiteliya to‘qima

103.

To‘r pardada yorug‘likni eng yaxshi qabul qiladigan joyi

a)

sariq dog‘ning markaziy chuqurchasi

b)

ko‘r dog‘ning markaziy chuqurchasi

104.

The protein contained in the vitreous body of the eye is:

a)

vitrein

b)

dynein

c)

elastin

d)

eleidin

105.

Photoreceptor cells of the retina are:

a)

neurosensory cells

b)

epithelial sensory cells

c)

cones are neurosensory, rods are epithelial sensory

d)

myoepithelial cells

106.

A characteristic feature of the tonsils is that they:

a)

participate in both humoral and cellular immunity

b)

begin functioning at puberty

c)

are covered with keratinizing epithelium

d)

in some pathologies the crypt lumen becomes smaller

107.

The composition of a mucosa includes:

a)

epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae

b)

epithelium, muscle, and serous coat

c)

epithelium and muscle coat

d)

epithelium and only a lamina propria

108.

The anterior part of the digestive system includes:

a)

structures of the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus

b)

only the oral cavity and its structure

c)

the structure of the oral cavity only

d)

pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and liver

109.

Location of the submucosa in the tongue:

a)

on the inferior (ventral) surface of the tongue

b)

on the inferior, lateral, and superior surfaces

c)

on the lateral and superior surfaces

d)

on the superior (dorsal) surface only

110.

Location of the palatine tonsil:

a)

at the boundary between the oral cavity and the pharynx

b)

within the oral cavity

c)

in the pharynx

d)

in the nasopharynx

111.

In a histologic specimen of the esophagus, the muscular layer is composed of striated skeletal muscle. From which segment of the organ was the specimen taken?

a)

upper one-third

b)

middle one-third

c)

lower one-third

d)

lower two-thirds

112.

A property of the epithelium lining the gastric pits is that it is:

a)

secretory

b)

protective

c)

neuroepithelial

d)

phagocytic

113.

A gastric cell with well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex and numerous apical zymogen granules is a:

a)

chief (zymogenic) cell

b)

lining epithelial cell

c)

enteroendocrine cell

d)

parietal (oxyntic) cell

114.

Sensory cells of the maculae (auditory spots) possess:

a)

a kinocilium

b)

stereocilia only

c)

microvilli

d)

simple cilia

115.

The anterior epithelium of the cornea is:

a)

simple squamous epithelium

b)

simple cuboidal epithelium

c)

nonkeratinizing stratified epithelium

d)

simple epithelium with two rows

116.

Liver sinusoids belong to which type of microvessels?

a)

type IV capillaries

b)

type III capillaries

c)

type I capillaries

d)

postcapillary venules

117.

A characteristic feature of liver sinusoids is:

a)

absence of a basal lamina

b)

wide lumen

c)

irregular tortuosity

d)

thick vascular wall

118.

The lining epithelium of the auditory (Eustachian) tube is:

a)

pseudostratified ciliated epithelium

b)

stratified squamous epithelium

c)

simple squamous epithelium

d)

simple cuboidal epithelium

119.

The pupil of the eye is:

a)

the opening at the center of the iris

b)

the opening at the center of the sclera

c)

the opening at the center of the cornea

d)

the opening at the center of the vascular tunic

120.

The composition of milk includes:

a)

fat droplets, proteins, carbohydrates, salts, water

b)

carbohydrates and fats only

c)

lactic acid and fat droplets

d)

triglycerides only and fatty acids

121.

The internal lining of the uterus is called the:

a)

endometrium

b)

perimetrium

c)

endothelium

d)

endomysium

122.

The middle layer of the uterus is called the:

a)

myometrium

b)

endometrium

c)

perimetrium

d)

perimysium

123.

The outer coat of the uterus is called the:

a)

perimetrium

b)

endometrium

c)

parametrium

d)

perimysium

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