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WorksheetsMA clinical and lab review
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 57mins
Which microorganism requires a host cell to replicate and is responsible for illnesses like influenza?
Protozoa that move using flagella in water
Fungi that form spores on moist surfaces
Viruses that need host cells to reproduce
Bacteria that divide independently in tissues
Which list correctly orders the six links in the chain of infection?
Agent, portal of entry, reservoir, exit, transmission, host
Reservoir, exit, entry, transmission, agent, host
Agent, reservoir, exit, transmission, entry, host
Reservoir, agent, exit, transmission, entry, host
Sanitization is best defined as which practice?
Removing dirt and debris from surfaces or tools
Killing most pathogens including bacterial spores
Applying chemicals to sterilize invasive instruments
Using heat to destroy all microbial life and spores
Which PPE item primarily protects the wearer from airborne particles?
Gloves designed to shield the hands
Goggles designed to guard eyes
Masks designed to filter inhaled air
Gowns designed to cover clothing
A patient with a draining wound coughs during dressing removal. Which link in the chain of infection is represented by droplets leaving the body?
Reservoir serving as the pathogen source
Portal of exit allowing pathogen escape
Portal of entry enabling host invasion
Susceptible host with weak defenses
Which action best breaks the mode of transmission for respiratory pathogens in a clinic waiting room?
Wearing gowns to cover personal clothing
Screening visitors for immune disorders
Encouraging cough etiquette and masking
Wiping benches to remove visible soil daily
A clinic must process reusable surgical instruments. Which choice correctly matches the needed level of control with the goal?
Sterilization to eliminate all microbes and their spores
Sanitization to reduce spore counts on metal instruments
Disinfection to destroy all microorganisms including spores
Hand hygiene to remove oils from stainless instruments
Which scenario most likely increases the risk of a susceptible host becoming infected?
A worker wearing gloves during phlebotomy
A healthy adult practicing daily hygiene
A teenager vaccinated against hepatitis B
An older patient with a weakened immune system
Which practice aligns with OSHA/CDC recommendations to prevent bloodborne pathogen exposure from needles?
Dispose used needles directly in sharps containers
Rinse used needles under cold running water
Recap used needles before carrying to the sink
Place used needles in biohazard bags for pickup
Which procedure best describes sterilization (autoclaving) in instrument care?
Soaking instruments overnight in mild detergent
Wiping tools with alcohol pads between patients
Rinsing visible soil with running tap water only
Using steam under pressure to sterilize instruments
Which statement correctly defines the five vital signs set used in clinical practice?
Temperature, blood sugar, respirations, pain level, height
Pulse, respiration, urine output, blood pressure, BMI
Temperature, pulse, pain score, blood pressure, vision
Temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, oxygen saturation
Orthostatic blood pressure is measured in which sequence of body positions?
Lying down, then sitting, then standing sequentially
Standing only after brisk walking for two minutes
Sitting quietly with legs crossed for five minutes
Prone position before and after deep breathing
Which term matches a slow heart rate below 60 beats per minute?
Bradycardia indicates slow heart rate below sixty
Tachycardia indicates slow heart rate below sixty
Hypotension indicates slow heart rate below sixty
Hypertension indicates slow heart rate below sixty
A patient’s systolic and diastolic pressures represent what measurement?
Force of cardiac contractions in the atria
Oxygen dissolved directly in plasma
Volume of air exchanged in the lungs
Arterial blood pressure within the arteries
Which finding best describes a thready pulse during assessment?
Weak pulse that is barely felt on palpation
Very strong pulse that is forceful and bounding
Regular rate with increased pulse volume only
Irregular rhythm with normal pulse amplitude
Which respiratory term refers to high-pitched breathing usually from airway obstruction?
Stridor is high-pitched breathing from obstruction
Wheezing is high-pitched breathing from obstruction
Dyspnea is high-pitched breathing from obstruction
Hyperventilation is high-pitched breathing from obstruction
For infant body measurements, which practice is correct for weight?
Keep diaper and blanket on during weighing
Measure weight immediately after a feeding
Measure weight without clothes for accuracy
Estimate weight using length and age only
Head circumference in infants is primarily used to screen for which conditions?
Otitis media or sinusitis indicating ear infections
Hydrocephalus or microcephaly indicating size changes
Rickets or scurvy indicating vitamin deficiencies
Scoliosis or kyphosis indicating spinal curves
Which term best describes the main reason a patient seeks care during a visit?
Objective info
Open-ended query
Subjective info
Chief complaint
During history taking, which item is objective rather than subjective?
Patient reports fatigue
Patient rates pain
Provider notes rash
Patient describes dizziness
Which patient position places the person on the back with feet in stirrups for pelvic exams?
Fowler’s position
Lithotomy position
Supine position
Prone position
A patient in respiratory distress needs easier breathing. Which position is most appropriate?
Dorsal recumbent
Fowler’s position
Sims’ position
Trendelenburg
Before an exam, which preparation step best supports infection control and efficiency?
Leave room cluttered
Ignore expired supplies
Skip draping process
Sanitize table surfaces
Which test checks distance vision using standardized letters at a set distance?
Ear irrigation
Ishihara test
Jaeger chart
Snellen chart
You must assist a non–weight-bearing patient from the room to imaging. Which walking aid is most suitable?
Crutches device
Cane device
No device
Walker device
A provider orders screening for color vision deficiency. Which assessment should you prepare?
Ishihara test
Jaeger assessment
Snellen chart
Pap smear kit
A patient reports a severe latex allergy prior to a pelvic exam. What is the safest immediate action?
Ignore draping needs
Use nonlatex supplies
Proceed as usual
Delay documenting
Which statement best describes Schedule II controlled substances?
Illegal drugs with no accepted medical use
Medications with low abuse potential, common refills
Medications with high addiction risk, tightly regulated
Medications with moderate risk, some restrictions
Which item is an essential prescription component for validity?
Insurance copay and refill coupons
Provider signature and clear directions
Family history and allergy list
Patient nickname and pharmacy hours
Which example matches the medication category correctly?
Bronchodilators narrow airways in chronic disease
Narcotics relieve strong pain but carry addiction risk
Antibiotics relieve pain and reduce fever primarily
Antihistamines kill bacteria causing severe infections
Which record entry is MOST appropriate immediately after an injection?
Medication name, dose, route, site, patient reaction
Patient weight, family history, preferred pharmacy
Diagnosis, discharge plan, follow‑up appointment
Insurance policy, copay amount, plan deductible
A capsule is ordered 0.5 g. The pharmacy supplies 250 mg capsules. How many capsules are required?
Four capsules divided into two doses
One capsule total for the full dose
Three capsules taken with water
Two capsules total for the full dose
Which option lists the seven rights of medication administration most completely?
Right patient, medication, dose, time, route, technique, documentation
Right diagnosis, consent, storage, needle size, glove use, labeling, billing
Right provider, location, policy, preparation, labeling, transport, storage
Right patient, diagnosis, dilution, timing, syringe, disposal, education
Which route delivers medication under the tongue for rapid absorption?
Buccal route against the cheek
Transdermal route via patches
Topical route on intact skin
Sublingual route under the tongue
A patient develops hives, swelling, and difficulty breathing after penicillin. What is the PRIORITY action?
Give an oral antihistamine
Observe closely for thirty minutes
Administer epinephrine immediately
Offer water and monitor pulse
Which statement accurately distinguishes side effects from adverse effects?
Side effects are allergic only; adverse effects are infectious
Side effects are rare and lethal; adverse effects are expected
Side effects are common and mild; adverse effects are dangerous
Side effects require epinephrine; adverse effects never do
Which instrument category is designed primarily to cut tissue during minor surgery?
Cutting instruments like scalpels and scissors
Grasping instruments like forceps and needle holders
Retracting instruments like hooks and skin spreaders
Occluding instruments like clamps and hemostats
What is the correct order of impulse conduction through the heart?
SA node, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
AV node, SA node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers, bundle branches
SA node, AV bundle, AV node, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
Purkinje fibers, bundle branches, AV bundle, SA node, AV node
During EKG setup, how many leads are recorded in a standard 12‑lead EKG?
Six chest leads only without limb leads
Twelve total leads across limb and chest
Ten electrodes equal ten recorded leads
Eight limb leads plus four chest leads
Which situation most likely causes a wandering baseline on an EKG trace?
Muscle shivering during the recording
Electrical noise from nearby equipment
Loose lead connection or deep breathing
Dried gel on precordial electrodes
A patient must document symptoms while wearing a device for an extended period and activate it when events occur. Which tool fits this use?
Telemetry monitor used continuously in hospital
Stress test performed during treadmill exercise
Holter monitor worn continuously twenty four hours
Event monitor used longer and patient activated
Which statement best distinguishes gram‑positive from gram‑negative bacteria after staining?
Gram‑negative appear purple with a thick wall
Gram‑positive appear purple with a thick wall
Both appear colorless with no visible wall
Gram‑positive appear pink with a thin wall
When choosing a diagnostic method for strep throat in a clinic, which option favors rapid clinical decisions over detailed organism identification?
Traditional culturing provides immediate, highly detailed results
Rapid antigen testing gives faster, less detailed results
Gram staining alone confirms species and resistance patterns
Microscopy alone replaces both culture and rapid tests
Which microscope parts pair is essential for focusing the image on a slide?
Objectives and condenser adjust clarity
Stage clips and diaphragm adjust clarity
Eyepiece and light source adjust clarity
Coarse and fine focus knobs adjust clarity
You obtain an EKG with erratic high‑frequency noise across all leads in a busy clinic. Which troubleshooting step should you prioritize first?
Replace all electrodes with new adhesive pads
Ask the patient to hold breath for full recording
Switch to a three‑lead monitor instead of twelve
Reduce electrical interference from nearby equipment
What are the five types of microorganisms?
Parasites, Spores, Molds, Yeasts, Algae
Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa, Fungi, Rickettsiae
Antibodies, Pathogens, Antigens, Enzymes, Hormones
White cells, Red cells, Plasma, Platelets, Fungi
What is the first step in the chain of infection?
Portal of entry
Infectious agent
Mode of transmission
Susceptible host
What is the purpose of PPE?
Improve nutrition
Assist in surgery
Reduce medication errors
Prevent pathogen exposure
What is the most accurate form of sterilization?
Autoclaving
Sanitization
Handwashing
Disinfection
What vital sign is measured in breaths per minute?
Temperature
Respiration
Oxygen saturation
Pulse
What is bradycardia?
Low oxygen levels
High blood pressure
Slow heart rate
Fast breathing
What is a Pap smear used to detect?
Cervical cancer
Urinary infection
Pregnancy
STDs
Which is a right of medication administration?
Right provider
Right height
Right schedule
Right documentation
What does an AED do?
Starts IV fluids
Measures oxygen saturation
Monitors blood sugar
Shocks the heart to restore rhythm
Which test requires fasting for 8–12 hours?
ESR
A1C
FBS
Hemoglobin
Which of the following is a Schedule II drug?
Aspirin
Ibuprofen
Amoxicillin
Oxycodone
What does PPE stand for?
Provider Performance Evaluation
Personal Protective Equipment
Physician Prepared Equipment
Patient Protection Equipment
Which patient position is used for a pap smear exam?
Fowler’s
Prone
Lithotomy
Supine
What part of the microscope is used to focus the image clearly?
Light source
Focus knobs
Stage
Objective lens
Which blood test shows average glucose levels over several months?
Hematocrit
GTT
FBS
A1c
What is an example of a grasping instrument?
Scalpel
Forceps
Probe
Speculum
What is the purpose of a Safety Data Sheet (SDS)?
Provide medication instructions
Track surgical supplies
Document patient incidents
Give chemical safety information
Which blood cell fights infection?
Platelet
Red blood cell
White blood cell
Plasma
Which of the following describes a “thready pulse”?
Weak and difficult to feel
Deep and slow
Rapid and irregular
Strong and bounding
What is the appropriate action if a patient shows signs of anaphylactic shock?
Give Tylenol and monitor
Administer epinephrine and call 911
Apply ice to the area
Give oxygen and lay them flat
Why do antibiotics destroy bacterial cells but have no effect on viruses?
Viruses are made up of organic molecules that are too small to be targeted by antibiotics.
Viruses are not alive and do not carry out the life functions that are stopped by antibiotics
Viruses do not possess the protein coat that is targeted by all antibiotics
SDS provide important information about product_____
storage
safety
efficacy
disposal
The cleaning process that is required for all instruments that penetrate the skin or that come in contact with normally sterile areas of the tissue and internal organs is
sterilization
sanitization
ultrasonic cleaning
disinfection
Which of the following best describes sinus bradycardia?
A heart rate less than 60 bpm with a regular rhythm
A heart rate more than 100 bpm with an irregular rhythm
A heart rate less than 60 bpm with an irregular rhythm
A heart rate more than 100 bpm with a regular rhythm
Which wave represents ventricular depolarization in an ECG wave?
QRS complex
ST segment
T wave
P wave
What type of bacteria is pictured?
spirillium
bacillus
coccus
What is the name for the shape of this bacteria that causes food poisoning called Staphylococcus aureus?
bacillus
coccus
spirillum
What is the name for the shape of this pathogenic bacteria called Escherichia coli?
bacillus
coccus
spirillum
The bacteria in this image are
Gram positive.
Gram negative.
What is the term used to describe the removal of a sample of tissue for examination under a microscope?
Biopsy
Autopsy
Endoscopy
Laparotomy
What is the main difference between disinfection and sterilisation?
Disinfection kills all microorganisms, while sterilisation only reduces their number
Disinfection is used only on living tissues, while sterilisation is used on equipment
Disinfection reduces the number of harmful microorganisms, while sterilisation kills all microorganisms
There is no difference; they are interchangeable terms
What disinfectant is effective against bacteria, viruses and fungi but not bacterial spores?
Ethyl alcohol
Chlorhexadine
Iodine
Biguanides
An autoclave kills pathogens, viruses and spores using: (circle the correct answer)
Which of the following accurately describes the rhythm and volume of a pulse?
How many sutures would be needed to close a wound that is 5 inches long if the physician puts in one suture every 2 cm (1 in = 2.54 cm)?
Platelets are distinguished by which of the following characteristics or traits?
Single nucleated cells that make up more than 40-50% of the total blood volume
Specialized cells that seek out, identify, and bind to alien protein on bacteria and viruses.
. Contain sugars, salts and fats. Supplies nourishment and removes waste products.
Non-nucleated cell fragments that plug ruptured vessels and release coagulating chemicals.
Michael is an 18 month-old male toddler that is in the 50% percentile for length-age. Using the chart , determine how many more centimeters Michael will need to grow to reach the 95% percentile by 24 months? (circle the correct answer)
6 cm
93 cm
11cm
88 cm
A man suddenly stops chewing, looks frightened, and points to his throat. What should the healthcare worker do FIRST?
Ask the man to sit up straight and raise his arms above his head.
Move the man to a safe location and give five abdominal thrusts.
Perform a mouth sweep.
Ask the man, "Are you choking?
Biohazardous waste should be
separated from other waste and placed in a biohazard bag.
separated from other waste and placed in a clear plastic bag.
discarded in a biohazardous bag with all other trash.
discarded in the nearest waste receptacle
. A doctor changes a dressing on a patient and asks you to disinfect the bedside table because it has become contaminated. What personal protective equipment should you wear?
gloves only
mask only
no PPE
full PPE
You should consult a Material Safety Data Sheet to get information about cleaning up an exposure to
saline
urine
formaldehyde
blood
Which organization sets and enforces protective workplace safety and work standards
JCAHO
CDC
Which of the following artifacts is a result of patient movement with breathing?
60 cycle interference
interrupted baseline
wandering baseline
somatic tremor
Which of the following places should the electrode for lead V4 be placed?
left leg
tight arm
The left side of the sternum, fifth intercostal space, midclavicular line
The left side of the sternum, fifth intercostal space, midaxillary line
A medical assistant notices frequent, regular spikes on the EKG tracing. Which of the following actions should the assistant take?
reattach the faulty electrode
have patient hold their breath 10 sec
turn off nearby electrical equipment
offer patient warm blanket
Which of the following demonstrates how somatic tremors can differentiate from 60-cycle interference?
somatic tremors produce an interrupted baseline
somatic tremors produce irregular spikes
60 cycle interference produces a wandering baseline
60 cycle interference produces irregular QRS
