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Objectives of Fatty Acids and Lipids

Total questions: 96

Worksheet time: 48mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Classify fatty acids on the basis of saturation and shape (cis/Trans).

a)

Fatty acids are classified as saturated or unsaturated, and as cis or trans based on their shape.

b)

Fatty acids are classified only by their chain length.

c)

Fatty acids are classified only as cis or trans, not by saturation.

d)

Fatty acids are classified by their melting point and color.

2.

Study the nomenclature of fatty acids and isomerism in unsaturated fatty acids (Cis and Trans). Which type of isomerism is commonly found in naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids?

a)

Cis isomerism

b)

Trans isomerism

c)

Geometric isomerism

d)

Optical isomerism

3.

The nutritional classification of fatty acids includes which of the following?

a)

Essential and non-essential fatty acids

b)

Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

c)

Short-chain and long-chain fatty acids

d)

Simple and compound fatty acids

4.

Essential fatty acids are characterized by their chemistry, functions, and deficiency manifestations. Which of the following best describes essential fatty acids?

a)

They are polyunsaturated fatty acids required in the diet, involved in cell membrane structure, and their deficiency can cause dermatitis and growth retardation.

b)

They are saturated fatty acids produced by the body and have no role in cell membrane structure.

c)

They are monounsaturated fatty acids that do not cause any deficiency symptoms.

d)

They are trans fatty acids that are essential for energy production and do not cause deficiency symptoms.

5.

Learn the chemistry, properties, and biomedical importance of glycerol.

a)

Glycerol is a simple polyol compound important in biochemistry, with three hydroxyl groups.

b)

Glycerol is a type of protein found in cell membranes.

c)

Glycerol is a carbohydrate used for energy storage in animals.

d)

Glycerol is a mineral essential for bone formation.

6.

List the simple lipids of biological importance.

a)

Fats and oils

b)

Phospholipids

c)

Steroids

d)

Glycolipids

7.

Study in detail the triacylglycerol (TAG) (neutral fat).

a)

Triacylglycerol consists of three fatty acids esterified to a glycerol molecule.

b)

Triacylglycerol is composed of two fatty acids and one glycerol molecule.

c)

Triacylglycerol is a type of phospholipid found in cell membranes.

d)

Triacylglycerol contains only one fatty acid attached to a glycerol backbone.

8.

Which of the following is a saturated fatty acid?

a)

Linoleic acid

b)

Palmitic acid

c)

Linolenic acid

d)

Docosahexaenoic acid

9.

Fatty acids are classified into ______ and unsaturated fatty acids.

a)

saturated

b)

hydrogenated

c)

aromatic

d)

branched

10.

Which of the following is an example of a polyunsaturated fatty acid?

a)

Stearic acid

b)

Palmitic acid

c)

Linoleic acid

d)

Monounsaturated acid

11.

Which category does Docosahexaenoic acid belong to?

a)

Saturated

b)

Omega-3

c)

Omega-6

d)

Monounsaturated

12.

Monounsaturated fatty acids are a type of ______ fatty acids.

a)

unsaturated

b)

saturated

c)

trans

d)

essential

13.

What is the general formula for saturated fatty acids?

a)

CnH2n+1 COOH

b)

CnH2n COOH

c)

CnH2n-1 COOH

d)

CnH2n+2 COOH

14.

Do saturated fatty acids have double bonds in their chain?

a)

Yes

b)

No

15.

Saturated fatty acids having 10 carbon atoms or less are called ________ fatty acids.

a)

lower

b)

higher

c)

medium

d)

long-chain

16.

Give two examples of lower fatty acids.

a)

Acetic acid, butyric acid

b)

Stearic acid, oleic acid

c)

Palmitic acid, linoleic acid

d)

Lauric acid, myristic acid

17.

Milk contains significant amount of ________ fatty acids.

a)

lower

b)

higher

c)

saturated

d)

unsaturated

18.

Saturated fatty acids having more than 10 carbon atoms are called ________ fatty acids.

a)

higher

b)

lower

c)

medium

d)

short

19.

Which of the following is an example of a higher fatty acid?

a)

Acetic acid

b)

Butyric acid

c)

Palmitic acid

d)

None of the above

20.

Fats that are solid at room temperature are made up mainly of ________ fatty acids.

a)

saturated

b)

unsaturated

c)

trans

d)

polyunsaturated

21.

What is the general formula for mono unsaturated fatty acids?

a)

CnH2n–1 COOH

b)

CnH2n+1 COOH

c)

CnH2n–2 COOH

d)

CnH2n COOH

22.

Mono unsaturated fatty acids contain how many double bonds?

a)

One

b)

Two

c)

Three

d)

None

23.

Which fatty acid is found in nearly all fats?

a)

Linoleic acid

b)

Oleic acid

c)

Stearic acid

d)

Palmitic acid

24.

Linoleic acid (18 : 2: 9, 12) contains two double bonds between which carbon atoms?

a)

C9 and C10; and between C12 and C13

b)

C8 and C9; and between C11 and C12

c)

C10 and C11; and between C13 and C14

d)

C7 and C8; and between C14 and C15

25.

There are ______ polyunsaturated fatty acids of biological importance.

a)

three

b)

four

c)

five

d)

two

26.

Which of the following is a dietary source of linoleic acid?

a)

Corn oil

b)

Olive oil

c)

Butter

d)

Lard

27.

Which of the following is a dietary source of linoleic acid?

a)

Soya bean oil

b)

Coconut oil

c)

Palm oil

d)

Fish oil

28.

Which of the following is a dietary source of linoleic acid?

a)

Cottonseed oil

b)

Sunflower oil

c)

Ghee

d)

Margarine

29.

Linolenic acid (18 : 3; 9, 12, 15) contains ______ double bonds.

a)

three

b)

one

c)

two

d)

four

30.

Arachidonic acid (20 : 4; 5, 8, 11, 14) contains ______ double bonds.

a)

four

b)

two

c)

three

d)

five

31.

What is the systematic name for C16:0 Palmitic acid?

a)

n-Hexadecanoic

b)

n-Octadecanoic

c)

cis-9-Hexadecenoic

d)

cis-9,trans-12-Octadecadienoic

32.

What is the systematic name for C18:0 Stearic acid?

a)

n-Hexadecanoic

b)

n-Octadecanoic

c)

cis-9-Hexadecenoic

d)

all cis-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic

33.

The systematic name for C16:1(9) Palmitoleic acid is _________.

a)

cis-9-Hexadecenoic

b)

trans-9-Hexadecenoic

c)

cis-9-Octadecenoic

d)

cis-10-Hexadecenoic

34.

The systematic name for C18:2(9,12) Linoleic acid is _________.

a)

cis-9,trans-12-Octadecadienoic

b)

cis-9,cis-12-Octadecadienoic

c)

trans-9,trans-12-Octadecadienoic

d)

cis-9,trans-11-Octadecadienoic

35.

The systematic name for C18:3(9,12,15) Linolenic acid is _________.

a)

all cis-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic

b)

all cis-9,12,15-Octadecadienoic

c)

all trans-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic

d)

all cis-9,12,15-Heptadecatrienoic

36.

What are the most common systems used to determine the position of double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids?

a)

Delta (Δ) numbering system and Omega (ω) system

b)

Alpha and Beta numbering systems

c)

Sigma and Pi systems

d)

None of the above

37.

In the delta (Δ) numbering system, what does C16:1 Δ9 mean for palmitoleic acid?

a)

It means the fatty acid contains 16 carbon atoms and one double bond at the 9th carbon.

b)

It means the fatty acid contains 9 carbon atoms and one double bond at the 16th carbon.

c)

It means the fatty acid contains 16 carbon atoms and nine double bonds.

d)

It means the fatty acid contains 9 carbon atoms and sixteen double bonds.

38.

In the omega (ω) system, where is the double bond located in palmitoleic acid C16:1,ω7?

a)

The double bond is located at the 7th carbon from the methyl (omega) end.

b)

The double bond is located at the 7th carbon from the carboxyl end.

c)

The double bond is located at the 9th carbon from the methyl (omega) end.

d)

The double bond is located at the 1st carbon from the methyl (omega) end.

39.

Refer to the diagram showing the omega (ω) and delta (Δ) systems for palmitoleic acid. Which carbon is labeled as the omega carbon?

a)

Carbon 1

b)

Carbon 7

c)

Carbon 16

d)

Carbon 9

40.

Unsaturated fatty acids can have which type of double bonds?

a)

Cis

b)

Trans

c)

Both Cis and Trans

d)

None of the above

41.

Double bonds in naturally occurring fatty acids in mammals are always in ______ form (configuration), not as trans form.

a)

Cis

b)

Linear

c)

Branched

d)

Ring

42.

The difference between Cis and Trans is that the two H atoms are on the same side of the double bond in ______, compared to being on opposite sides in ______.

a)

cis, trans

b)

trans, cis

c)

cis, cis

d)

trans, trans

43.

Which molecule represents a cis-fat molecule?

a)

The molecule with H atoms on the same side of the double bond

b)

The molecule with H atoms on opposite sides of the double bond

44.

Which statement is true about essential fatty acids?

a)

They can be synthesized in the body

b)

They must be obtained from the diet

c)

They contain only one double bond

d)

They are not important for health

45.

Fatty acids that contain more than one double bond include:

a)

Linoleic, arachidonic, and lenolenic acid

b)

Palmitic acid

c)

Stearic acid

d)

Oleic acid

46.

The human body has an enzyme system that can form only ______ double bond.

a)

one

b)

two

c)

three

d)

four

47.

Arachidonic acid can be synthesized from linoleic acid.

a)

True

b)

False

48.

Fats with high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (EFA) tend to ______ serum level of cholesterol.

a)

lower

b)

increase

c)

not affect

d)

fluctuate

49.

What is one function of essential fatty acids?

a)

Normal growth.

b)

Blood clotting.

c)

Vision improvement.

d)

Bone strengthening.

50.

Essential fatty acids enter in the structure of ________ and cholesterol esters.

a)

phospholipids.

b)

triglycerides.

c)

glycogen.

d)

nucleic acids.

51.

Essential fatty acids are required for the fluidity of membrane structure.

a)

True

b)

False

52.

Deficiency of EFA produces fatty liver.

a)

True

b)

False

53.

Arachidonic acid is a precursor of a group of compounds called Eicosanoids. Which of the following is NOT an Eicosanoid?

a)

Thromboxanes

b)

Leukotrienes

c)

Prostaglandins

d)

Insulin

54.

Arachidonic acid is a precursor of a group of compounds called _________.

a)

Eicosanoids

b)

Steroids

c)

Amino acids

d)

Nucleotides

55.

Eicosanoids protect against atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease by decreasing free cholesterol and LDL (low density lipoprotein).

a)

True

b)

False

56.

Deficiency manifestations of EFA: A deficiency of EFA has not yet been demonstrated in humans.

a)

True

b)

False

57.

Symptoms of EFA deficiency are: ________ of growth.

a)

Cessation

b)

Acceleration

c)

Stimulation

d)

Enhancement

58.

Symptoms of EFA deficiency are: Skin lesions: ________ (thickening of the skin).

a)

Acanthosis

b)

Erythema

c)

Petechiae

d)

Macule

59.

Symptoms of EFA deficiency are: Abnormalities of ________ in adult females.

a)

pregnancy

b)

vision

c)

hearing

d)

digestion

60.

Symptoms of EFA deficiency are: ________ liver.

a)

Fatty

b)

Enlarged

c)

Shrunken

d)

Inflamed

61.

Symptoms of EFA deficiency are: ________ damage.

a)

Kidney

b)

Liver

c)

Heart

d)

Lung

62.

What are non-essential fatty acids? Non-essential fatty acids are fatty acids which can be ________ in the body.

a)

synthesized

b)

stored

c)

absorbed

d)

excreted

63.

Which types of fatty acids are included as non-essential fatty acids?

a)

Only saturated fatty acids

b)

Only monounsaturated fatty acids

c)

Both saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids

d)

Only polyunsaturated fatty acids

64.

Non-essential fatty acids can be synthesized from which molecule? They can be synthesized from ________.

a)

acetyl COA

b)

glucose

c)

amino acids

d)

cholesterol

65.

Glycerol is a polyhydric alcohol containing how many OH groups?

a)

3 OH groups

b)

2 OH groups

c)

4 OH groups

d)

1 OH group

66.

Which of the following describes the physical properties of glycerol?

a)

Colored, odorless, and has bitter taste

b)

Colorless, odorless, and has sweet taste

c)

Colorless, has odor, and is tasteless

d)

Colored, has odor, and is sweet

67.

Glycerol is soluble in water and insoluble in nonpolar solvents.

a)

True

b)

False

68.

Glycerol combines with one fatty acid to form ________.

a)

monoacylglycerol

b)

diacylglycerol

c)

triglyceride

d)

phospholipid

69.

Glycerol combines with two fatty acids to form ________.

a)

diacylglycerol

b)

triacylglycerol

c)

phospholipid

d)

monoglyceride

70.

Glycerol combines with three fatty acids to form ________.

a)

triacylglycerol

b)

phospholipid

c)

cholesterol

d)

monoglyceride

71.

The combination of glycerol with fatty acids is through ______ linkage.

a)

ester linkage

b)

glycosidic linkage

c)

peptide linkage

d)

hydrogen linkage

72.

Which of the following is a use of glycerol?

a)

Used as a drug for dilation of coronary artery

b)

Used in manufacturing of creams and lotions for dry skin

c)

Both A and B

d)

None of the above

73.

Simple lipids are called simple because they are formed only from ______ and ______.

a)

alcohols and fatty acids

b)

proteins and carbohydrates

c)

glycerol and amino acids

d)

sugars and nucleic acids

74.

There are two classes of simple lipids (according to the type of alcohol): ______ and ______.

a)

acylglycerols and waxes

b)

phospholipids and steroids

c)

glycolipids and sphingolipids

d)

cholesterol and triglycerides

75.

Triacylglycerol (triglycerides) are called ______ because they carry ______.

a)

neutral fat, no charge

b)

polar fat, a charge

c)

essential fat, a charge

d)

saturated fat, no charge

76.

TAGs are stored mainly in the ______ of ______ tissue cells.

a)

cytoplasm, adipose

b)

nucleus, muscle

c)

mitochondria, epithelial

d)

cell membrane, connective

77.

Which of the following is NOT a class of simple lipids?

a)

Acylglycerols

b)

Waxes

c)

Phospholipids

d)

Both A and B

78.

Triacylglycerol are esters of ______ with fatty acids.

a)

glycerol

b)

glucose

c)

cholesterol

d)

amino acids

79.

Which process is responsible for the formation of a triglyceride molecule from glycerol and fatty acids?

a)

Hydrolysis

b)

Dehydration synthesis

c)

Oxidation

d)

Reduction

80.

How many water molecules are removed during the formation of a triglyceride molecule from glycerol and fatty acids?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

81.

What are the reactants required to form a triglyceride molecule as shown in the diagram?

a)

Glycerol and amino acids

b)

Glycerol and fatty acids

c)

Fatty acids and glucose

d)

Glycerol and glucose

82.

What is a Simple TAG?

a)

3 same fatty acids are attached to glycerol

b)

3 different fatty acids are attached to glycerol

c)

Only 1 fatty acid is attached to glycerol

d)

No fatty acids are attached to glycerol

83.

What is a Mixed TAG?

a)

3 same fatty acids are attached to glycerol

b)

3 different fatty acids are attached to glycerol

c)

Only 1 fatty acid is attached to glycerol

d)

No fatty acids are attached to glycerol

84.

Tristearin is an example of a _________?

a)

simple triglyceride

b)

complex carbohydrate

c)

essential amino acid

d)

unsaturated fatty acid

85.

Which type of TAG has three identical fatty acids attached to glycerol?

a)

Simple TAG

b)

Mixed TAG

86.

Physical properties of triglycerides depend on the ______ components.

a)

fatty acid

b)

glycerol

c)

phosphate

d)

sugar

87.

The melting point of triglycerides changes as the number of carbons in its hydrocarbon chains increases and as the number of double bonds decreases. What happens to the melting point?

a)

It increases.

b)

It decreases.

c)

It remains unchanged.

d)

It fluctuates unpredictably.

88.

Oils: Triglycerides rich in unsaturated fatty acids are generally ______ at room temperature.

a)

liquid

b)

solid

c)

gaseous

d)

crystalline

89.

Fats: Triglycerides rich in saturated fatty acids are generally semisolids or solids at ______ temperature.

a)

room

b)

high

c)

low

d)

boiling

90.

Which of the following statements is true about triglycerides?

a)

Triglycerides rich in unsaturated fatty acids are generally solid at room temperature.

b)

Triglycerides rich in saturated fatty acids are generally liquid at room temperature.

c)

Triglycerides rich in unsaturated fatty acids are generally liquid at room temperature.

d)

Triglycerides rich in saturated fatty acids are generally gases at room temperature.

91.

What is hydrolysis? Hydrolysis means breakdown of substance by addition of _______.

a)

water

b)

oxygen

c)

heat

d)

acid

92.

Which enzyme present in the digestive system can hydrolyze TAG into fatty acids and glycerol?

a)

Lipase

b)

Amylase

c)

Pepsin

d)

Trypsin

93.

What are the products when alkalis such as NaOH and KOH react with TAG?

a)

Glycerol and salts of fatty acids

b)

Glycerol and esters

c)

Fatty acids and water

d)

TAG and water

94.

What is the process called when alkalis react with TAG to form soaps and glycerol?

a)

Saponification

b)

Hydrolysis

c)

Fermentation

d)

Esterification

95.

What is the general reaction for saponification? Fat + Base → ______ + ______

a)

Soap, glycerol

b)

Soap, water

c)

Fatty acid, glycerol

d)

Fatty acid, water

96.

What is the term for the process by which soaps break down large fat particles into small ones, aiding in washing away fatty materials?

a)

Emulsification

b)

Saponification

c)

Filtration

d)

Precipitation

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