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WorksheetsBehavioral Therapy
Total questions: 143
Worksheet time: 1hrs 12mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
How often did Brooks Workman stop what she was doing to imagine opening a soft drink?
a)
Five times a day for several days.
b)
One time a day for only one day.
c)
Ten times a day for many months.
d)
Two times a day for just one week.
e)
Three times a day for only two days.
2.
What specific action did she ensure to picture herself doing with the imaginary can?
a)
Bringing the can to her mouth and placing her lips on it.
b)
Shaking the can vigorously and tossing it over her shoulder.
c)
Pouring the entire contents out onto the dusty ground.
d)
Imagining herself crushing the can into a small cube.
e)
Putting the soft drink can down and drinking water.
3.
What poured out of the soft drink can and scurried into Brooks’s mouth as she was about to drink?
a)
Hordes of roaches writhing, twitching, and wiggling their feelers.
b)
A large quantity of very brightly colored earthworms.
c)
Massive amounts of foul-smelling and very thick mud.
d)
Hundreds of tiny and very angry scorpions stinging.
e)
Several small and very poisonous snakes slithering.
4.
What is the primary purpose of someone purposefully imagining a disturbing scene similar to the one described?
a)
To create an aversive association with the undesirable voluntary behavior.
b)
To practice deep muscle relaxation in a systematic way.
c)
To expose oneself to a feared object or situation in a safe place.
d)
To develop a token economy for improving positive self-esteem.
e)
To change irrational expectations through simple persuasion.
5.
How did the text characterize Brooks’s behavior regarding the soft drink can imagination technique?
a)
The text says Brooks’s behavior was not as strange as it might sound.
b)
The text says Brooks's behavior was very strange and unique to her.
c)
The text says Brooks's behavior was completely rational and normal.
d)
The text says Brooks's behavior was a rare form of self-control.
e)
The text says Brooks's behavior was entirely unexpected and peculiar.
6.
What was Brooks's ultimate goal in repeatedly performing this specific visualization exercise?
a)
To successfully cut down on the number of soft drinks she drank each day.
b)
To successfully increase her feelings of general self-worth each day.
c)
To successfully eliminate all of her negative thoughts about herself.
d)
To successfully get a good night's rest for several consecutive days.
e)
To successfully become more assertive in various public situations.
7.
What is the name of the method Brooks Workman used to alter an undesirable voluntary behavior?
a)
Behavior modification, which is a form of behavior therapy.
b)
Cognitive therapy, which is a process of changing one's thoughts.
c)
Rational-emotive therapy, a different form of cognitive therapy.
d)
Systematic desensitization, which is a counterconditioning technique.
e)
Token economy, which is a complex system of conditioned rewards.
8.
What two types of psychological therapies will this section of the text proceed to examine?
a)
The two types discussed are behavior and the cognitive therapies.
b)
The two types discussed are humanistic and the psychodynamic therapies.
c)
The two types discussed are aversion and the counterconditioning therapies.
d)
The two types discussed are gestalt and the systematic desensitization therapies.
e)
The two types discussed are psychoanalysis and the operant conditioning methods.
9.
What is the primary goal that the general cognitive therapies specifically focus on achieving?
a)
Changing the way that human beings think (Beck, 1991).
b)
Modifying the way that people engage in observable actions.
c)
Eliminating the undesireable voluntary behaviors in a person.
d)
Unlearning a disturbed person’s undesirable ways of behavior.
e)
Teaching the patient to learn new and more helpful behaviors.
10.
What do cognitive therapies share as a basic assumption about faulty cognitions and behavior?
a)
That faulty cognitions distort human behaviors, attitudes, and emotions.
b)
That undesirable voluntary behaviors must first be directly eliminated.
c)
That people behave in deliberate, fully rational, and reasonable ways.
d)
That a disturbed person has learned a very undesirable way to act.
e)
That the environment directly causes all negative emotional consequences.
11.
What step must people specifically work toward in order to improve their lives, according to this therapy?
a)
People must work to change their specific patterns of thinking.
b)
People must work to completely eliminate all of their learned behaviors.
c)
People must work to create a specific anxiety hierarchy of fears.
d)
People must work to focus exclusively on their external circumstances.
e)
People must work to only focus on all of their positive life events.
12.
The sentence 'In what other ways are cognitive therapies similar?' serves what function in the text?
a)
It introduces the concepts of disconfirmation, reconceptualization, and insight.
b)
It functions as an example of a dichotomous or a binary question.
c)
It functions as the primary thesis statement of the current section.
d)
It introduces the major differences in Ellis's rational-emotive therapy.
e)
It provides a transition to the topics of behavior therapy methods.
13.
What three principles do these cognitive theories follow, according to some psychologists?
a)
Disconfirmation, reconceptualization, and a key element called insight.
b)
Rationality, emotionality, and a belief system known as the ABCs.
c)
Operant, aversive, and the important technique of counterconditioning.
d)
Modeling, role playing, and the use of simple persuasive humor.
e)
Elimination, modification, and the process of selective abstraction.
14.
What is the meaning of the principle called disconfirmation in the context of cognitive therapy?
a)
Clients are shown evidence that directly contradicts their existing beliefs.
b)
Clients work toward creating an alternative belief system for life.
c)
Clients are given positive reinforcement for desirable new behaviors.
d)
Clients attempt to eliminate their negative thoughts through meditation.
e)
Clients imagine feared situations while learning to be fully relaxed.
15.
What is the objective for clients in the cognitive therapy principle known as reconceptualization?
a)
They work toward an alternative belief system for explaining observations.
b)
They work toward understanding and deriving new or revised beliefs.
c)
They are exposed to a feared object or situation for a short duration.
d)
They are confronted with compelling evidence that contradicts their beliefs.
e)
They are asked to perform an undesirable voluntary behavior five times.
16.
What is the fundamental goal for clients working under the cognitive therapy principle of insight?
a)
Clients work toward understanding and deriving new or revised beliefs.
b)
Clients must develop a new, alternative belief system to explain things.
c)
Clients must be confronted with evidence that strongly contradicts their beliefs.
d)
Clients must assign homework to get practice in acting more reasonably.
e)
Clients must use conditioning techniques first discovered in animal laboratories.
17.
What is the name of the form of therapy that Albert Ellis developed in 1973?
a)
Rational-emotive therapy (RET) is the name of the form of therapy.
b)
Systematic desensitization is the name of the form of therapy.
c)
Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) is the name of the form of therapy.
d)
Aversive conditioning (AC) is the name of the form of therapy.
e)
Beck’s cognitive therapy (BCT) is the name of the form of therapy.
18.
What did Ellis believe was true about how people behave, given their assumptions about life?
a)
He believed people behave in deliberate and fully rational ways.
b)
He believed people behave only in reaction to an activating event.
c)
He believed people behave mostly in illogical and entirely faulty ways.
d)
He believed people behave primarily based on aversive conditioning.
e)
He believed people behave by only focusing on all of the negative events.
19.
When do emotional problems arise, according to Ellis’s beliefs about an individual’s assumptions?
a)
Emotional problems arise when an individual’s assumptions are unrealistic.
b)
Emotional problems arise when clients are confronted with new evidence.
c)
Emotional problems arise when desirable behavior goes unrewarded.
d)
Emotional problems arise when a negative event causes the consequence.
e)
Emotional problems arise when clients are unable to relax completely.
20.
What is the specific scenario presented in the text where a man might seek therapy?
a)
Suppose a man seeks therapy when a woman leaves him unexpectedly.
b)
Suppose a man seeks therapy when he cannot cut down on soft drinks.
c)
Suppose a man seeks therapy when he begins to blame his circumstances.
d)
Suppose a man seeks therapy when he starts to believe all his beliefs are false.
e)
Suppose a man seeks therapy when he starts collecting token money.
21.
What is the single fact that this man is explicitly stated as being unable to withstand?
a)
He cannot stand the significant fact that the woman has completely rejected him.
b)
He cannot stand the fact that his life is currently empty and very miserable.
c)
He cannot stand the fact that he must try to get the woman back in his life.
d)
He cannot stand the fact that she has made him feel utterly worthless.
e)
He cannot stand the fact that he has rigid roles for various behaviors.
22.
According to the man's feelings in the scenario, what happens to his life without the woman?
a)
Without her, the man believes his life is entirely empty and extremely miserable.
b)
Without her, the man believes his life is mostly desirable but not perfect.
c)
Without her, the man believes his life is unpleasant but definitely bearable.
d)
Without her, the man believes his life is going his way but is not fun.
e)
Without her, the man believes his life is now full of many new opportunities.
23.
What feeling has the woman made the man experience, according to his current belief system?
a)
She has successfully made him feel utterly and completely worthless in his life.
b)
She has successfully made him feel significantly more capable of coping.
c)
She has successfully made him feel very relaxed and perfectly calm.
d)
She has successfully made him feel much more assertive in all situations.
e)
She has successfully made him feel the ability to think more reasonably.
24.
What is the action that the man determines he absolutely must take in this specific situation?
a)
He must find a way to successfully get the woman back into his life immediately.
b)
He must learn to take substantial new risks and practice self-discipline.
c)
He must learn to distinguish between need for her and just a strong desire.
d)
He must work to break all of his old habits of thought and of behavior.
e)
He must change his assumptions from being unrealistic to fully realistic.
25.
To what is the man’s demand for the woman to love him compared in the presented scenario?
a)
The man's demand for her love is compared to acting like a spoiled child.
b)
The man's demand for her love is compared to the work of a psychoanalyst.
c)
The man's demand for her love is compared to the use of operant conditioning.
d)
The man's demand for her love is compared to a desire for a new token economy.
e)
The man's demand for her love is compared to a systematic desensitization.
26.
What is the man expecting and even insisting upon regarding how things will proceed in his life?
a)
He insists and expects that things will always completely go his desired way.
b)
He insists and expects that his feelings will finally change from need to desire.
c)
He insists and expects that his feelings will finally change from desire to need.
d)
He insists and expects that he will now be able to stand all forms of rejection.
e)
He insists and expects that his self-esteem will soon be much more positive.
27.
Given the man’s assumption, what is the only possible explanation he can derive for her behavior?
a)
That something is dreadfully wrong, either with him or with the woman.
b)
That the woman is exhibiting entirely unrealistic and false assumptions.
c)
That her behavior is the result of an activating event and a consequence.
d)
That he has finally learned to think in completely realistic terms.
e)
That she is intentionally trying to test his ability to practice self-discipline.
28.
In the therapist’s view, what is the actual cause of the problem in this entire scenario?
a)
The thing that is wrong is the man’s specific faulty way of thinking.
b)
The thing that is wrong is the woman’s decision to successfully leave the man.
c)
The thing that is wrong is the specific activating event that has occurred.
d)
The thing that is wrong is the therapist’s inability to assign enough homework.
e)
The thing that is wrong is the negative consequence that has now followed.
29.
What is the man causing, according to the therapist, by defining his feelings as need instead of desire?
a)
He—and not the woman—is causing his own personal depression.
b)
He is causing her to eventually return to him with a new belief system.
c)
He is causing her to believe that he is acting like a spoiled little child.
d)
He is causing a perfect example of a desirable voluntary behavior.
e)
He is causing a strong desire for him to perform a new voluntary behavior.
30.
What will happen when you successfully convince yourself that you urgently need someone?
a)
You will be totally unable to carry on without that specific person in your life.
b)
You will be much more capable of standing up to all forms of rejection.
c)
You will be able to successfully replace the anxiety with complete relaxation.
d)
You will be much less likely to develop depression in the following situation.
e)
You will successfully acquire a new, completely desirable voluntary behavior.
31.
What happens when you believe that you absolutely cannot endure any rejection?
a)
You will in fact completely fall apart when you encounter rejection.
b)
You will successfully engage in actual tests of all of your beliefs.
c)
You will be able to cope with things not going in your desired way.
d)
You will be entirely able to still think in realistic terms about the situation.
e)
You will successfully begin to lead a more active and more involved life.
32.
What is this kind of faulty thinking based upon, according to the text provided?
a)
Unreasonable attitudes, false premises, and rigid roles for behaviors.
b)
Activating events, belief systems, and resulting clear consequences.
c)
An anxiety hierarchy, deep muscle relaxation, and imagination.
d)
Positive reinforcement, aversive conditioning, and token economies.
e)
Disconfirmation, reconceptualization, and a key element called insight.
33.
What is the ultimate goal that rational-emotive therapy aims to accomplish for the client?
a)
To correct the false and all the self-defeating beliefs of the client.
b)
To determine the right pace and direction of the treatment for the client.
c)
To determine what is specifically troubling the person in his current life.
d)
To encourage all the clients to engage in actual tests of their own beliefs.
e)
To successfully help clients differentiate between real and imagined problems.
34.
In realistic terms, how should rejection be viewed by a person in rational-emotive therapy?
a)
Rejection is unpleasant but is absolutely not unbearable for a person.
b)
Rejection is the consequence of an irrational and purely false assumption.
c)
Rejection is the activating event that results in the negative consequence.
d)
Rejection is a clear, definitive example of a fully real and serious problem.
e)
Rejection is an opportunity to practice systematic desensitization.
35.
How should a relationship be viewed, according to the realistic terms taught in rational-emotive therapy?
a)
A relationship may be desirable, but it is certainly not irreplaceable.
b)
A relationship is something that a person absolutely needs to carry on.
c)
A relationship is the ultimate reward that a person must try to acquire.
d)
A relationship is something that must always completely go your way.
e)
A relationship is the only possible explanation for feeling completely worthless.
36.
What may RET therapists use to successfully teach an individual to think in realistic terms?
a)
A significant number of diverse and different behavioral techniques.
b)
Only the specific technique of exposure to a single feared object.
c)
Only the psychological technique of deep muscle relaxation practice.
d)
Only the systematic application of positive or negative reinforcement.
e)
Only the three distinct principles of disconfirmation and reconceptualization.
37.
What is one specific technique where the client can see how his beliefs affect his relationships?
a)
Role playing is one specific technique used for a clear demonstration.
b)
Modeling is one specific technique used for a clear demonstration.
c)
Humor is one specific technique used for a clear demonstration.
d)
Simple persuasion is one specific technique used for a clear demonstration.
e)
Homework is one specific technique used for a clear demonstration.
38.
What technique is used to demonstrate other effective ways of acting and thinking for the client?
a)
The technique that is used to demonstrate is called behavioral modeling.
b)
The technique that is used to demonstrate is called role playing.
c)
The technique that is used to demonstrate is called humor.
d)
The technique that is used to demonstrate is called simple persuasion.
e)
The technique that is used to demonstrate is called homework.
39.
What technique is used to successfully underline the absurdity of the client's irrational beliefs?
a)
Humor is the specific technique used to underline the absurdity of beliefs.
b)
Modeling is the specific technique used to underline the absurdity of beliefs.
c)
Role playing is the specific technique used to underline the absurdity of beliefs.
d)
Homework is the specific technique used to underline the absurdity of beliefs.
e)
Simple persuasion is the specific technique used to underline the absurdity of beliefs.
40.
What is another technique that RET therapists use, which is characterized as being simple?
a)
Simple persuasion is yet another technique used by the therapists.
b)
Simple modeling is yet another technique used by the therapists.
c)
Simple role playing is yet another technique used by the therapists.
d)
Simple conditioning is yet another technique used by the therapists.
e)
Simple self-discipline is yet another technique used by the therapists.
41.
What may the therapist assign to the man to give him practice in acting more reasonably in his life?
a)
The therapist may also assign specific behavioral homework for the man.
b)
The therapist may also assign the man a brief period of aversive conditioning.
c)
The therapist may also assign the man a thorough deep muscle relaxation.
d)
The therapist may also assign the man a cognitive thinking pattern test.
e)
The therapist may also assign the man a review of an anxiety hierarchy.
42.
What is the specific example of homework that the therapist may instruct the man to do?
a)
To ask women who are likely to reject him out on a date for practice.
b)
To vividly imagine roaches pouring from a soft drink can into his mouth.
c)
To write down all of his irrational or uninformed negative expectations.
d)
To begin a personal program of developing positive self-esteem immediately.
e)
To make a specific list of all the different frightening aspects of talking.
43.
The sentence 'Why?' serves what primary function in the context of this specific example?
a)
It asks for the reason for instructing the man to ask women out on dates.
b)
It asks about the therapist’s reasoning for his specific faulty thinking pattern.
c)
It asks for the reason why the woman decided to successfully leave the man.
d)
It asks about the reason why rejection is considered to be unpleasant.
e)
It asks for the reason why a relationship is said to be not irreplaceable.
44.
What is the specific lesson the man will learn by asking women who are likely to reject him on dates?
a)
He will learn that he can effectively cope with things not going his desired way.
b)
He will learn that the woman is exhibiting entirely unrealistic assumptions.
c)
He will learn that he will in fact completely fall apart when rejected.
d)
He will learn that she has successfully made him feel utterly worthless.
e)
He will learn that he must find a way to successfully get the woman back.
45.
What did Ellis successfully teach that all behaviors are fundamentally the result of in his model?
a)
Ellis taught that all behaviors are the clear result of the specific ABCs.
b)
Ellis taught that all behaviors are the clear result of systematic desensitization.
c)
Ellis taught that all behaviors are the clear result of behavior modification.
d)
Ellis taught that all behaviors are the clear result of aversive conditioning.
e)
Ellis taught that all behaviors are the clear result of operant conditioning.
46.
What does the letter A refer to in Ellis's famous concept of the ABCs of behavior?
a)
A refers to the specific Activating event that has taken place recently.
b)
A refers to the person's specific Attitude about their unrealistic assumptions.
c)
A refers to the specific Answer option that is definitely most correct.
d)
A refers to the technique known as Aversive conditioning for treatment.
e)
A refers to the principle known as a client’s level of social Assertiveness.
47.
What does the letter B represent in Ellis’s well-known concept of the ABCs of human behavior?
a)
B represents the person’s key Belief system about the activating event.
b)
B represents the undesirable Voluntary Behavior that is being modified.
c)
B represents the ultimate goal of the therapy which is to be Bearable.
d)
B represents the systematic use of the technique known as behavioral Bouncing.
e)
B represents the client’s ability to successfully Break their old habits.
48.
What does the letter C refer to in Ellis’s important concept of the ABCs of human behavior?
a)
C refers to the specific Consequences that follow the activating event.
b)
C refers to the specific type of therapy known as Cognitive therapy.
c)
C refers to the concept of having to successfully Cope with all rejections.
d)
C refers to the act of Successfully Cashing in tokens for different privileges.
e)
C refers to the idea of working to successfully Correct the false assumptions.
49.
What did Ellis assert was the cause of trouble, rather than the event itself?
a)
He claimed it is the way a person thinks about the activating event.
b)
He claimed it is the event that causes the negative consequences.
c)
He claimed it is the consequence that causes the initial belief.
d)
He claimed it is the specific technique used to change the behavior.
e)
He claimed it is the woman who is completely causing the depression.
50.
What is the relationship among A, B, and C, according to Ellis's model of psychological issues?
a)
A does not cause C, but instead the specific belief B causes the consequence C.
b)
A causes C, and the belief system B is completely irrelevant to the consequence.
c)
B causes A, and the consequence C is the result of the activating event A.
d)
C causes A, and the belief system B is the direct result of the consequence C.
e)
C causes B, and the activating event A determines the final consequence C.
51.
In the therapeutic setting, what do the therapist and the client work to successfully change in the ABC model?
a)
The therapist and client work together to successfully change B, the belief.
b)
The therapist and client work together to successfully change A, the event.
c)
The therapist and client work together to successfully change C, the consequence.
d)
The therapist and client work together to successfully change A and C.
e)
The therapist and client work together to successfully change A, B, and C.
52.
How many distinct steps does Ellis believe the individual must take to effectively cure or correct himself?
a)
Ellis believes the individual must take exactly three distinct steps to correct himself.
b)
Ellis believes the individual must take exactly five distinct steps to correct himself.
c)
Ellis believes the individual must take exactly two distinct steps to correct himself.
d)
Ellis believes the individual must take exactly four distinct steps to correct himself.
e)
Ellis believes the individual must take exactly six distinct steps to correct himself.
53.
What is the very first step Ellis insists the individual must successfully realize about himself?
a)
He must successfully realize that some of his assumptions are completely false.
b)
He must successfully realize that he is making himself severely disturbed.
c)
He must successfully realize that he has learned a completely undesirable behavior.
d)
He must successfully realize that the activating event is causing his trouble.
e)
He must successfully realize that he can totally stand any form of rejection.
54.
What is the second step Ellis instructs the individual to successfully see about his own condition?
a)
He must see he is making himself disturbed by actively acting on false beliefs.
b)
He must see that the woman is fully causing his feelings of total worthlessness.
c)
He must see that his ultimate goal is to simply reduce his anxiety levels.
d)
He must see that he is actually using deep muscle relaxation effectively.
e)
He must see that he is successfully implementing aversive conditioning.
55.
What is the final step the individual must work toward in order to achieve a cure or correction?
a)
He must work to successfully break all of his old habits of thought and behavior.
b)
He must work to successfully eliminate all of his negative external circumstances.
c)
He must work to successfully convince himself that he desperately needs someone.
d)
He must work to successfully find the perfect woman to replace his current one.
e)
He must work to successfully develop a new, alternative belief system to explain things.
56.
What two essential actions does the individual have to practice and learn as part of this final step?
a)
He has to practice self-discipline and learn to successfully take risks.
b)
He has to practice deep muscle relaxation and learn to successfully cope.
c)
He has to practice being assertive and learn to cut in line at the store.
d)
He has to practice selective abstraction and learn to ignore negative events.
e)
He has to practice operant conditioning and learn to give himself rewards.
57.
What is the heading given to the next section of the reading on different therapy techniques?
a)
The next section heading is named Beck’s Cognitive Therapy.
b)
The next section heading is named Operant Conditioning.
c)
The next section heading is named Cognitive-Behavior Therapy.
d)
The next section heading is named Aversive Conditioning.
e)
The next section heading is named BEHAVIOR THERAPIES.
58.
Who introduced another form of cognitive therapy, and when were his key works published?
a)
Aaron T. Beck (1967, 1970) introduced another form of cognitive therapy.
b)
Albert Ellis (1973) introduced another form of cognitive therapy.
c)
Joseph Wolpe (1961) introduced another form of cognitive therapy.
d)
Ross (1977) introduced another form of cognitive therapy.
e)
Ullmann & Krasner (1969, 1975) introduced another form of cognitive therapy.
59.
What is the single primary difference in Beck’s therapy when compared to Ellis's rational-emotive therapy?
a)
The focus is primarily on a person's illogical or false thought processes.
b)
The focus is primarily on the person’s past life and their dreams.
c)
The focus is primarily on determining what is specifically troubling them.
d)
The focus is primarily on eliminating an undesirable voluntary behavior.
e)
The focus is primarily on creating an effective and helpful token economy.
60.
In addition to using persuasion and logic, what does Beck have therapists encourage clients to engage in?
a)
Therapists encourage clients to engage in actual tests of their own beliefs.
b)
Therapists encourage clients to engage in deep muscle relaxation techniques.
c)
Therapists encourage clients to engage in writing down all their false assumptions.
d)
Therapists encourage clients to engage in a detailed review of all their dreams.
e)
Therapists encourage clients to engage in making an anxiety hierarchy of all fears.
61.
If a client believes, "I never have a good time," what might the therapist point out about this belief?
a)
The therapist might point out that this is a hypothesis, not a confirmed fact.
b)
The therapist might point out that this is an undesirable voluntary behavior.
c)
The therapist might point out that this is a true and accurate observation.
d)
The therapist might point out that this is an example of an activating event.
e)
The therapist might point out that this is a clear sign of severe depression.
62.
How might the therapist then ask the client to successfully test this specific hypothesis?
a)
By looking at the evidence differently and noting the times she did have a good time.
b)
By successfully creating a new, completely alternative belief system for herself.
c)
By actively engaging in an actual test of aversive conditioning immediately.
d)
By successfully exposing herself to a specific feared object or a situation.
e)
By engaging in specific new behaviors outside of the therapy office.
63.
What is the ultimate goal of the therapist in demonstrating this reality to the client?
a)
To show her automatic thinking may be incorrect and things aren't as bad as they seem.
b)
To show that her belief system, B, is the actual cause of her painful consequence, C.
c)
To show that her rejection is truly unpleasant but is definitely not unbearable for her.
d)
To show that her negative thinking is mostly based on the presence of false premises.
e)
To show that she can definitely cope with things not completely going her way.
64.
With what specific group of people has Beck’s work successfully been very successful in his career?
a)
Beck’s work has been very successful with people who are severely depressed.
b)
Beck’s work has been very successful with people who are highly assertive.
c)
Beck’s work has been very successful with people who are alcoholics.
d)
Beck’s work has been very successful with people who have severe phobias.
e)
Beck’s work has been very successful with people who have severe compulsions.
65.
What did Beck believe depressed people do instead of acknowledging their external circumstances?
a)
He believed depressed people successfully blame only themselves for everything.
b)
He believed depressed people successfully focus only on positive events.
c)
He believed depressed people successfully ignore the positive life events.
d)
He believed depressed people successfully make rational, positive projections.
e)
He believed depressed people successfully work to change their specific thoughts.
66.
What two types of events did Beck believe that all depressed people are focused on and ignore, respectively?
a)
They focus on negative events and then successfully ignore all positive events.
b)
They focus on activating events and then successfully ignore all consequences.
c)
They focus on false assumptions and then successfully ignore the rational beliefs.
d)
They focus on voluntary behaviors and then successfully ignore their thoughts.
e)
They focus on real problems and then successfully ignore all distorted problems.
67.
What kind of projections about the uncertain future do all depressed people successfully make?
a)
Depressed people successfully make very pessimistic projections about the future.
b)
Depressed people successfully make very optimistic projections about the future.
c)
Depressed people successfully make very rational projections about the future.
d)
Depressed people successfully make very realistic projections about the future.
e)
Depressed people successfully make very assertive projections about the future.
68.
What did he finally believe they make negative conclusions about based on insignificant events?
a)
They make negative conclusions about a person's total self-worth.
b)
They make negative conclusions about a person's level of deep muscle relaxation.
c)
They make negative conclusions about the effectiveness of operant conditioning.
d)
They make negative conclusions about the utility of a token economy.
e)
They make negative conclusions about the success of all behavior modification.
69.
What is the single ultimate goal of Beck’s specific form of cognitive therapy for his clients?
a)
The goal is to successfully change the way the specific people think.
b)
The goal is to successfully modify the observable behavior of the client.
c)
The goal is to successfully eliminate all undesirable voluntary behavior.
d)
The goal is to successfully help clients differentiate between need and desire.
e)
The goal is to successfully replace all anxiety with a state of total relaxation.
70.
What is the therapist’s job in Beck’s cognitive therapy regarding the pace and thinking patterns?
a)
To determine the pace and direction of therapy and to help detect negative thinking patterns.
b)
To determine the client’s level of assertion and to find the perfect reward.
c)
To determine the core cause of the trouble and to change the man’s thinking.
d)
To determine the appropriate homework and to assign challenging dating requests.
e)
To determine the belief system and to successfully break all the old habits.
71.
What else do therapists successfully help the client to use in their evaluations of themselves?
a)
Therapists help clients use much more reasonable standards for self-evaluation.
b)
Therapists help clients use their feelings as a basis for all self-evaluation.
c)
Therapists help clients use a precise word count for all their option selections.
d)
Therapists help clients use the number of soft drinks consumed for evaluation.
e)
Therapists help clients use only aversive conditioning for their evaluation.
72.
What may Beck also have clients do to assess the actual true value of his or her beliefs?
a)
Beck may also have clients do specific homework assignments to test their beliefs.
b)
Beck may also have clients build a clear and detailed anxiety hierarchy of fears.
c)
Beck may also have clients simply rely on simple persuasion for their beliefs.
d)
Beck may also have clients try to find evidence that contradicts all their beliefs.
e)
Beck may also have clients use the powerful technique known as role playing.
73.
What may the clients be asked to do with regard to testing their beliefs outside of the office setting?
a)
They may be asked to successfully engage in behaviors that test these beliefs.
b)
They may be asked to successfully get a good night's rest for many days.
c)
They may be asked to successfully use their token money to buy some goods.
d)
They may be asked to successfully imagine roaches pouring from soft drink cans.
e)
They may be asked to successfully write down their positive, rational projections.
74.
What is the example behavior a person who is not very assertive may be asked to engage in for homework?
a)
They may be asked to cut into a line, interrupt people, or ask a person for a favor.
b)
They may be asked to make a detailed list of all their current undesirable behaviors.
c)
They may be asked to stop worrying about their past life or the details of all their dreams.
d)
They may be asked to develop a completely new and alternative belief system to explain things.
e)
They may be asked to vividly imagine a feared object or a specific situation.
75.
What is the specific heading for the next new section that the reading now introduces?
a)
The specific heading for the next section is BEHAVIOR THERAPIES.
b)
The specific heading for the next section is BECK'S COGNITIVE THERAPY.
c)
The specific heading for the next section is COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY.
d)
The specific heading for the next section is OPERANT CONDITIONING.
e)
The specific heading for the next section is AVERSIVE CONDITIONING.
76.
In behavior therapy, what is the emphasis placed on rather than a person’s thoughts, as in cognitive therapy?
a)
There is emphasis placed on one’s observable behavior rather than one’s thoughts.
b)
There is emphasis placed on one’s past life and their old and forgotten dreams.
c)
There is emphasis placed on one’s illogical thought processes and faulty cognitions.
d)
There is emphasis placed on one’s self-worth and their automatic thinking patterns.
e)
There is emphasis placed on one’s unrealistic assumptions and all their false premises.
77.
On what does the behavior therapist successfully concentrate, instead of the patient’s past or dreams?
a)
Determining what is specifically troubling and taking steps to successfully change it.
b)
Changing the client's current interpretation of his or her own situation.
c)
Working to successfully change all of the patient’s false beliefs and attitudes.
d)
Using simple persuasion and logic to successfully change the existing beliefs.
e)
Successfully exposing the client to a feared object or a specific situation.
78.
What is the single ultimate goal of all the different forms of general behavior therapy?
a)
The ultimate goal of the therapy is to successfully modify one’s specific behavior.
b)
The ultimate goal of the therapy is to successfully change the way people think.
c)
The ultimate goal of the therapy is to successfully work to break all old habits.
d)
The ultimate goal of the therapy is to successfully achieve total deep relaxation.
e)
The ultimate goal of the therapy is to successfully detect all negative thoughts.
79.
What is the main idea behind behavior therapy concerning a disturbed person and learned behavior?
a)
A disturbed person has learned an undesirable way and learned behavior can be unlearned.
b)
A disturbed person has illogical thoughts and changing thoughts changes behavior.
c)
A disturbed person has unrealistic assumptions which must be successfully corrected.
d)
A disturbed person has only negative events and ignores all the positive events.
e)
A disturbed person is always seeking therapy when a woman successfully leaves him.
80.
What is the primary job of the therapist when trying to help the patient in this type of therapy?
a)
The therapist’s job is to successfully help the patient learn new behaviors.
b)
The therapist’s job is to successfully focus on what is specifically troubling them.
c)
The therapist’s job is to successfully eliminate all of their current false beliefs.
d)
The therapist’s job is to successfully determine the pace and direction of the therapy.
e)
The therapist’s job is to successfully teach the patient to take significant risks.
81.
What is considered unimportant, and what is considered important in behavior therapy regarding the behavior?
a)
The reasons for the undesirable behavior are not important; changing the behavior is.
b)
The Activating Event is not important; the Consequences that follow are.
c)
The illogical thoughts are not important; the unrealistic assumptions are.
d)
The specific undesirable behavior is not important; the person's thoughts are.
e)
The negative conclusions are not important; the self-worth is significant.
82.
What changes as well, according to the text, once an individual successfully changes his or her specific behavior?
a)
According to the text, the person’s specific thoughts change as well.
b)
According to the text, the person’s external circumstances change as well.
c)
According to the text, the person’s Activating event changes as well.
d)
According to the text, the person’s unconscious dreams change as well.
e)
According to the text, the person’s old and false assumptions change as well.
83.
What is the patient asked to successfully list once they have committed to this type of therapy?
a)
The person is asked to list concrete examples of desired behaviors and goals.
b)
The person is asked to list all of the troubling aspects of their past life.
c)
The person is asked to list all of their unreasonable and rigid behavior roles.
d)
The person is asked to list every single one of their illogical thought processes.
e)
The person is asked to list all of their past life events that caused depression.
84.
What specific action is immediately developed once these desirable behaviors have been successfully targeted?
a)
A specific program to successfully achieve these desired goals is actively developed.
b)
A token economy system of rewards is immediately established for the client.
c)
An alternative belief system to explain all of their experiences is developed.
d)
An aversive conditioning plan is developed for any undesirable voluntary behavior.
e)
An anxiety hierarchy of their fears and anxieties is immediately developed.
85.
What does the therapist use to bring about these types of behavioral changes in the client?
a)
The therapist uses conditioning techniques from successful animal laboratories.
b)
The therapist uses persuasion and logic to change the client's current beliefs.
c)
The therapist uses deep muscle relaxation to replace any client anxiety.
d)
The therapist uses simple role playing to demonstrate other ways of acting.
e)
The therapist uses a simple form of humor to underline the absurdity of beliefs.
86.
What is the name of one specific technique that is regularly used by behavior therapists?
a)
One specific technique used by them is called counterconditioning.
b)
One specific technique used by them is called reconceptualization.
c)
One specific technique used by them is called systematic desensitization.
d)
One specific technique used by them is called rational-emotive therapy.
e)
One specific technique used by them is called behavior modification.
87.
What specific thing does this technique pair the stimulus that triggers an unwanted behavior with?
a)
It pairs the stimulus with a new, much more desirable behavior that is wanted.
b)
It pairs the stimulus with an aversive (negative) feeling that is unwanted.
c)
It pairs the stimulus with a token money reward that is greatly desired.
d)
It pairs the stimulus with the feeling of intense and complete anxiety.
e)
It pairs the stimulus with an illogical thought process that is unhelpful.
88.
What does the therapist successfully help the client to reduce by pairing relaxation with anxiety-producing situations?
a)
The therapist helps the client successfully reduce their level of intense anxiety.
b)
The therapist helps the client successfully reduce their number of false premises.
c)
The therapist helps the client successfully reduce their dependence on tokens.
d)
The therapist helps the client successfully reduce their reliance on self-blame.
e)
The therapist helps the client successfully reduce their reliance on self-discipline.
89.
What are the three distinct steps that the counterconditioning process is successfully composed of?
a)
Builds hierarchy, learns deep relaxation, imagines or experiences each step.
b)
Realizes false assumptions, sees he is disturbed, works to break old habits.
c)
Activating event, belief system about the event, and resulting consequences.
d)
Monitoring behaviors, setting goals, reinforcing, and substituting thoughts.
e)
Disconfirmation, reconceptualization, and the important element of insight.
90.
What is the ultimate idea of counterconditioning, since relaxation and anxiety cannot be maintained together?
a)
To teach the person the situation does not have to be anxiety producing.
b)
To teach the person that their thinking patterns are actually fully correct.
c)
To teach the person that they must successfully practice self-discipline.
d)
To teach the person that they must seek therapy when a woman leaves them.
e)
To teach the person that all behaviors are results of the ABCs sequence.
91.
After successfully completing each preceding step, what does the person proceed to do using the anxiety hierarchy?
a)
The person successfully progresses through each subsequent step in the hierarchy.
b)
The person successfully develops a new, desirable voluntary behavior immediately.
c)
The person successfully focuses on only negative events and ignores all positive ones.
d)
The person successfully begins a new program of developing positive self-esteem.
e)
The person successfully confronts all of their illogical and false thought processes.
92.
What is the specific name for the counterconditioning technique used to overcome irrational fears and anxieties?
a)
Systematic desensitization is the specific name for the technique.
b)
Rational-emotive therapy is the specific name for the technique.
c)
Aversive conditioning is the specific name for the technique.
d)
Operant conditioning is the specific name for the technique.
e)
Cognitive-behavior therapy is the specific name for the technique.
93.
What is the main goal of systematic desensitization therapy in terms of the fear response?
a)
To encourage people to imagine the feared situation while relaxing to extinguish fear.
b)
To encourage people to develop more reasonable standards for self-evaluation.
c)
To encourage people to fully blame themselves instead of their circumstances.
d)
To encourage people to associate the aversive feeling with taking the alcohol.
e)
To encourage people to develop a set of flexible and fully realistic assumptions.
94.
What is the example scenario given to illustrate the technique of systematic desensitization?
a)
A student is terrified of speaking in front of a significantly large group of people.
b)
A person is deathly afraid of the sight of many very long and slithering snakes.
c)
A person is trying to cut down on the number of soft drinks they drink daily.
d)
A man is seeking therapy when a woman has successfully decided to leave him.
e)
A patient is rewarded with token money for cleaning up his hospital room.
95.
The sentence 'How would systematic desensitization therapy effectively change this person’s behavior?' serves what function?
a)
It introduces the successful steps that the therapist will successfully follow.
b)
It is a rhetorical question that makes the technique seem impossible to use.
c)
It asks about the therapist’s reasoning for his specific faulty thinking pattern.
d)
It is a statement that is an example of an impossible negative polarity item.
e)
It serves as a transition to the topic of operant conditioning techniques.
96.
What might the therapist initially have the student successfully make regarding his public fears?
a)
The therapist might have the student make a list of the frightening aspects of talking.
b)
The therapist might have the student make a list of his current irrational beliefs.
c)
The therapist might have the student make a list of his specific behavioral goals.
d)
The therapist might have the student make a list of his past voluntary behaviors.
e)
The therapist might have the student make a list of his current false assumptions.
97.
What are the two aspects of the student's fear that are described as most frightening and least frightening?
a)
Standing before an audience is most frightening; speaking to one person is least frightening.
b)
Speaking to one person is most frightening; standing before an audience is least frightening.
c)
Thinking about speaking is most frightening; being called upon in class is least frightening.
d)
Delivering an unrehearsed speech is most frightening; being called upon in class is least frightening.
e)
Asking someone for a favor is most frightening; interrupting a talker is least frightening.
98.
What does the client do with these specific fears, starting from the most frightening one and moving down?
a)
The client successfully ranks these specific fears, from the most frightening on down.
b)
The client successfully eliminates these specific fears through simple persuasion.
c)
The client successfully practices deep muscle relaxation when thinking of these fears.
d)
The client successfully confronts all of these fears in a real-life situation.
e)
The client successfully works toward an alternative belief system for all of these fears.
99.
What specific skill does the therapist begin teaching the client immediately after the ranking is done?
a)
The therapist begins successfully teaching the client deep muscle relaxation.
b)
The therapist begins successfully teaching the client simple behavioral modeling.
c)
The therapist begins successfully teaching the client a new set of self-discipline.
d)
The therapist begins successfully teaching the client to use humor effectively.
e)
The therapist begins successfully teaching the client to play a specific role.
100.
Once the client knows how to successfully relax completely, what are they finally ready to begin?
a)
The client is finally ready for the next immediate step in the treatment plan.
b)
The client is finally ready to successfully deliver a speech to an entire auditorium.
c)
The client is finally ready to successfully engage in aversive conditioning.
d)
The client is finally ready to successfully use their new token money to buy goods.
e)
The client is finally ready to successfully ask a woman who will reject him on a date.
101.
What does the client specifically try to imagine as vividly as possible from his list of fears?
a)
The client tries to imagine the least disturbing scene on his specific list of fears.
b)
The client tries to imagine the specific activating event that caused his distress.
c)
The client tries to imagine the most frightening scene on his specific list of fears.
d)
The client tries to imagine the resulting severe consequences that followed the fear.
e)
The client tries to imagine the hordes of roaches pouring from the soft drink can.
102.
Thinking about what specific scenario from the list may cause the patient to experience mild anxiety?
a)
Thinking about speaking to a single stranger may cause the mild anxiety.
b)
Thinking about standing before an audience may cause the mild anxiety.
c)
Thinking about interrupting a person talking may cause the mild anxiety.
d)
Thinking about cutting into a line at the store may cause the mild anxiety.
e)
Thinking about being totally unable to carry on may cause the mild anxiety.
103.
What specific skill does the patient successfully learn because the therapist taught him how to relax completely?
a)
He learns to think about the experience without successfully feeling anxious.
b)
He learns to focus only on all of his positive events and ignore the negative.
c)
He learns to successfully make pessimistic projections about his future life.
d)
He learns to make all of his negative conclusions about his self-worth immediately.
e)
He learns to use more reasonable standards for his personal self-evaluation.
104.
What is the fundamental or basic logic behind using the systematic desensitization technique?
a)
A person cannot feel completely anxious and perfectly relaxed at the same time.
b)
A person cannot make an alternative belief system to explain their experiences.
c)
A person cannot engage in undesirable voluntary behavior that has been reinforced.
d)
A person cannot use unreasonable standards for their own self-evaluation.
e)
A person cannot work to successfully change their specific patterns of thinking.
105.
What does the therapist successfully attempt to replace anxiety with using the process of counterconditioning?
a)
The therapist attempts to replace the anxiety with its direct opposite, relaxation.
b)
The therapist attempts to replace the anxiety with the feeling of total worthlessness.
c)
The therapist attempts to replace the anxiety with the clear feeling of utter misery.
d)
The therapist attempts to replace the anxiety with a deep desire to be assertive.
e)
The therapist attempts to replace the anxiety with a feeling of general self-worth.
106.
What do the patient and the therapist do next in the systematic desensitization process?
a)
They successfully progress step-by-step through the list of anxiety-arousing events.
b)
They successfully work to change B, the specific belief about the situation.
c)
They successfully look at the evidence differently and note the positive times.
d)
They successfully assign specific behavioral homework to the student immediately.
e)
They successfully set up a whole miniature system of rewards for the client.
107.
To what specific point does the patient successfully reach regarding the most threatening situations?
a)
He is able to imagine the most threatening situations without successfully feeling anxiety.
b)
He is able to deliver an unrehearsed speech to a very full auditorium of people.
c)
He is able to successfully perform the voluntary behavior without any problems.
d)
He is able to successfully associate the aversive feeling with taking the alcohol.
e)
He is able to successfully get the woman back into his unhappy life immediately.
108.
What does the therapist start to successfully expose the person to next in the treatment plan?
a)
The therapist starts to successfully expose the person to all real-life situations.
b)
The therapist starts to successfully expose the person to simple persuasion and logic.
c)
The therapist starts to successfully expose the person to new behavioral modeling.
d)
The therapist starts to successfully expose the person to a complex token economy system.
e)
The therapist starts to successfully expose the person to the absurdity of all his beliefs.
109.
What is the final achievement of the therapy for the student who was afraid of public speaking?
a)
The student is able to successfully deliver an unrehearsed speech to a full auditorium.
b)
The student is able to successfully stand before an audience without any anxiety.
c)
The student is able to successfully use deep muscle relaxation in a new situation.
d)
The student is able to successfully cut down on all of his soft drink consumption.
e)
The student is able to successfully confront all of his negative thinking patterns.
110.
What specific term refers to a new treatment in which the therapist exposes the client to a feared object?
a)
The specific term for this treatment is commonly referred to as flooding.
b)
The specific term for this treatment is commonly referred to as modeling.
c)
The specific term for this treatment is commonly referred to as insight.
d)
The specific term for this treatment is commonly referred to as reconceptualization.
e)
The specific term for this treatment is commonly referred to as role playing.
111.
What is the specific object that the text uses as an explicit example of a deathly fear?
a)
The text uses the example of being deathly afraid of the sight of many snakes.
b)
The text uses the example of being deathly afraid of a specific soft drink can.
c)
The text uses the example of being deathly afraid of the concept of rejection.
d)
The text uses the example of being deathly afraid of speaking in front of people.
e)
The text uses the example of being deathly afraid of going to a grocery store.
112.
What might the therapist have the client successfully do in the treatment of flooding for this example?
a)
Imagine yourself in a room full of snakes or successfully hold a snake.
b)
Imagine hordes of roaches pouring from the can into your mouth.
c)
Imagine the woman returning to you and successfully declaring her love.
d)
Imagine yourself getting a very good grade on the upcoming exam.
e)
Imagine yourself successfully purchasing some cigarettes with your tokens.
113.
What is the initial physical response to this flooding experience, and what can it not do forever?
a)
This makes your heart rate soar, but it absolutely cannot stay that way forever.
b)
This makes your body feel very relaxed, but it absolutely cannot stay that way forever.
c)
This makes your thoughts race, but they absolutely cannot stay that way forever.
d)
This makes your anxiety decrease, but it absolutely cannot stay that way forever.
e)
This makes your assumptions change, but they absolutely cannot stay that way forever.
114.
What two things are realized when the heart rate eventually successfully returns to a normal state?
a)
You realize you survived this test and successfully faced your personal fear.
b)
You realize you successfully unlearned a learned undesirable behavior completely.
c)
You realize you successfully earned a specific token reward for your progress.
d)
You realize you successfully convinced yourself that you desperately need someone.
e)
You realize you successfully made a pessimistic projection about your future.
115.
What is the final result of successfully realizing that you have survived the entire test of facing your fear?
a)
You have finally begun the active process of overcoming your intense fear.
b)
You have finally developed a new negative conclusion about your self-worth.
c)
You have finally successfully associated the desirable feeling with the alcohol.
d)
You have finally successfully defined your feelings as a profound need.
e)
You have finally begun to successfully blame only yourself for your circumstances.
116.
What specific technique do behavior therapists also successfully use to teach a client something new?
a)
Behavior therapists also successfully use the technique known as modeling.
b)
Behavior therapists also successfully use the technique known as persuasion.
c)
Behavior therapists also successfully use the technique known as humor.
d)
Behavior therapists also successfully use the technique known as insight.
e)
Behavior therapists also successfully use the technique known as flooding.
117.
What might a therapist successfully do when specifically teaching clients how to be much more assertive?
a)
A therapist might demonstrate all of the effective ways to be very assertive.
b)
A therapist might assign homework like cutting into a line at the grocery store.
c)
A therapist might instruct the client to only focus on their own body language.
d)
A therapist might ask the client to look at the past evidence differently.
e)
A therapist might encourage the client to successfully practice deep muscle relaxation.
118.
What two actions does the client successfully perform after watching the demonstration of the new behavior?
a)
The client watches and then successfully tries to imitate the new behavior.
b)
The client watches and then successfully works to change the specific belief.
c)
The client watches and then successfully builds a specific anxiety hierarchy.
d)
The client watches and then successfully makes pessimistic projections.
e)
The client watches and then successfully buys something with his token money.
119.
What is the specific heading for the next brief section of the reading about behavioral techniques?
a)
The next section heading is named Aversive Conditioning.
b)
The next section heading is named Operant Conditioning.
c)
The next section heading is named Counterconditioning.
d)
The next section heading is named Systematic Desensitization.
e)
The next section heading is named Beck’s Cognitive Therapy.
120.
What is the ultimate goal in the specific behavioral technique known as aversive conditioning?
a)
To successfully make certain undesirable acts unpleasant so that they will be avoided.
b)
To successfully eliminate all of the client's current negative thought patterns.
c)
To successfully set a progressively difficult set of new behavioral goals.
d)
To successfully replace the high levels of anxiety with complete relaxation.
e)
To successfully teach clients to always think in specific realistic terms.
121.
What is a specific example of the use of aversive conditioning given for treating alcoholics?
a)
Alcoholics can be given medication that will make them sick when they successfully take alcohol.
b)
Alcoholics can be given token money as a reward for not successfully drinking alcohol.
c)
Alcoholics can be given a list of their illogical thoughts to successfully work on changing.
d)
Alcoholics can be given a specific anxiety hierarchy to successfully progress through.
e)
Alcoholics can be given a therapist’s demonstration of other ways of successfully acting.
122.
What is the relearning process involved in aversive conditioning trying to successfully associate?
a)
To associate the aversive feeling with alcohol to successfully reduce its appeal and use.
b)
To associate the new token money with the privilege to successfully reduce its appeal.
c)
To associate the soft drink with roaches to successfully reduce its appeal and use.
d)
To associate the relaxation with the anxiety to successfully reduce its intense appeal.
e)
To associate the negative event with self-blame to successfully reduce its appeal.
123.
What is the rate of successful improvement, and how long does the positive effect typically last for this method?
a)
Improvement is about 50 percent, with the effect lasting about six months.
b)
Improvement is about 90 percent, with the effect lasting about twelve months.
c)
Improvement is about 25 percent, with the effect lasting about two months.
d)
Improvement is about 100 percent, with the effect lasting about one month.
e)
Improvement is about 75 percent, with the effect lasting about three months.
124.
What is aversive conditioning considered to be, rather than a final and complete solution for alcoholics?
a)
It is a good and significant beginning for a number of the alcoholics.
b)
It is a definitive and permanent cure for all of the alcoholics.
c)
It is a clear example of illogical thought processes and faulty cognitions.
d)
It is a simple form of persuasion and a quick and easy suggestion.
e)
It is a full and complete program for developing positive self-esteem.
125.
What is the specific heading for the next section that the reading now introduces to the client?
a)
The specific heading for the next section is Operant Conditioning.
b)
The specific heading for the next section is Behavior Modification.
c)
The specific heading for the next section is Cognitive-Behavior Therapy.
d)
The specific heading for the next section is Rational-Emotive Therapy.
e)
The specific heading for the next section is Systematic Desensitization.
126.
What is operant conditioning based on the assumption about reinforced and unreinforced behavior?
a)
Reinforced behavior is repeated, while unreinforced behavior is successfully extinguished.
b)
Reinforced behavior is forgotten, while unreinforced behavior is successfully repeated.
c)
Reinforced behavior is eliminated, while unreinforced behavior is successfully modified.
d)
Reinforced behavior is unlearned, while unreinforced behavior is completely modified.
e)
Reinforced behavior is created, while unreinforced behavior is fully unlearned.
127.
What is decided in the operant conditioning method known as contingency management?
a)
What old undesirable behavior needs to be eliminated and what desirable behavior needs to appear.
b)
What three specific steps must be successfully taken to correct the self.
c)
What activating event caused the negative belief system of the client.
d)
What specific thoughts need to be successfully changed and what beliefs must be corrected.
e)
What new belief system to explain the experiences is necessary to successfully create.
128.
What arrangements are successfully made for the old behavior and the desired new behavior?
a)
The old behavior goes unrewarded and the desired behavior is positively reinforced.
b)
The old behavior goes unrewarded and the desired behavior is simply modeled.
c)
The old behavior is punished and the desired behavior is completely ignored.
d)
The old behavior is reinforced and the desired behavior goes unrewarded.
e)
The old behavior is extinguished and the desired behavior is successfully punished.
129.
What specific form does contingency management consist of in its most simple and pure form?
a)
The therapist agreeing with the patient: “If you do X, I will successfully give you Y.”
b)
The therapist and client engaging in successful role playing for a specific scenario.
c)
The therapist successfully exposing the client to a feared object or situation.
d)
The therapist successfully confronting the client with evidence that contradicts their beliefs.
e)
The therapist teaching the client deep muscle relaxation to replace their anxiety.
130.
To what is this specific form of agreement similar that people often successfully use on themselves?
a)
It is similar to all the systems of reward that people often use on themselves or children.
b)
It is similar to the irrational and completely unrealistic assumptions that are shared.
c)
It is similar to the illogical thought processes that a depressed person often possesses.
d)
It is similar to the negative conclusions about self-worth that are often successfully made.
e)
It is similar to the clear difference between a profound need and a simple desire.
131.
What is the single word that describes the reward's relationship to getting a good grade on the exam?
a)
The reward is considered to be contingent (meaning dependent) upon getting the good grade.
b)
The reward is considered to be necessary (meaning a need) upon getting the good grade.
c)
The reward is considered to be voluntary (meaning desired) upon getting the good grade.
d)
The reward is considered to be abstract (meaning illogical) upon getting the good grade.
e)
The reward is considered to be emotional (meaning miserable) upon getting the good grade.
132.
What are four specific places where the process of contingency management is successfully used?
a)
Used in prisons, mental hospitals, schools, army bases, and with individual patients.
b)
Used in Beck's therapy, Ellis's therapy, Wolpe's therapy, and for self-help.
c)
Used for alcoholics, people who are depressed, people with phobias, and assertive people.
d)
Used for activating events, belief systems, consequences, and for old habits of thought.
e)
Used for reconceptualization, disconfirmation, insight, and for role playing.
133.
What specific action do psychologists in some mental hospitals take regarding patient behavior?
a)
Psychologists select behavior that they personally judge to be very desirable.
b)
Psychologists select behavior that they personally judge to be very undesirable.
c)
Psychologists select a specific activating event that causes the consequence.
d)
Psychologists select an old habit of thought and successfully break it.
e)
Psychologists select a specific illogical thought process to successfully focus on.
134.
What is a specific example of a desirable behavior that results in a patient being rewarded with token money?
a)
If a patient cleans his room or works in the specific hospital garden area.
b)
If a patient asks a woman who will reject him out on a specific date.
c)
If a patient develops a completely new and alternative belief system to explain things.
d)
If a patient successfully blames all of his own troubles on his circumstances.
e)
If a patient successfully believes that he cannot totally stand all rejection.
135.
For what two categories of things are the patients able to successfully cash in their token money?
a)
For things they want, like candy or cigarettes, or for specific privileges.
b)
For things they want, like new soft drinks or another anxiety hierarchy list.
c)
For things they want, like a desired new CD or a full and complete pardon.
d)
For things they want, like a new woman or a completely revised list of assumptions.
e)
For things they want, like a new job or a new therapist to successfully talk to.
136.
In inducing patients to begin leading what kind of lives are these methods specifically successful?
a)
These methods are successfully inducing patients to begin leading active lives.
b)
These methods are successfully inducing patients to begin leading passive lives.
c)
These methods are successfully inducing patients to begin leading miserable lives.
d)
These methods are successfully inducing patients to begin leading dependent lives.
e)
These methods are successfully inducing patients to begin leading isolated lives.
137.
What do the patients learn to successfully take on instead of having to be constantly cared for by others?
a)
They learn to successfully take care of themselves and to successfully take on responsibility.
b)
They learn to successfully make pessimistic projections about their future life.
c)
They learn to successfully make negative conclusions about their self-worth.
d)
They learn to successfully use illogical thought processes in their daily life.
e)
They learn to successfully focus on all the negative events and ignore the positive.
138.
What is the specific heading for the very last new section that the reading introduces?
a)
The specific heading for the last section is COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY.
b)
The specific heading for the last section is BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION.
c)
The specific heading for the last section is COUNTERCONDITIONING.
d)
The specific heading for the last section is RATIONAL-EMOTIVE THERAPY.
e)
The specific heading for the last section is BECK’S COGNITIVE THERAPY.
139.
What two specific aspects of therapy do many therapists successfully combine into one new form?
a)
Many therapists successfully combine aspects of cognitive and behavior therapies.
b)
Many therapists successfully combine aspects of aversive and operant conditioning.
c)
Many therapists successfully combine aspects of systematic desensitization and flooding.
d)
Many therapists successfully combine aspects of reconceptualization and disconfirmation.
e)
Many therapists successfully combine aspects of rational-emotive and Beck’s cognitive.
140.
How does cognitive-behavior therapy place more emphasis on a client's interpretation, unlike other behavior therapies?
a)
It focuses on goals for changing behavior and then changing the client’s interpretation.
b)
It focuses only on eliminating an undesirable behavior and completely ignoring the client's thoughts.
c)
It focuses exclusively on the illogical thought processes of the severely depressed client.
d)
It focuses on teaching the client that rejection is totally unbearable and very serious.
e)
It focuses on creating an alternative belief system for explaining their current experiences.
141.
What is the specific goal of this type of combined therapy in relation to the client's different problems?
a)
This therapy seeks to help clients differentiate between real problems and imagined or distorted problems.
b)
This therapy seeks to successfully have clients work toward understanding and deriving new or revised beliefs.
c)
This therapy seeks to successfully provide clients with an aversive negative feeling for their bad habits.
d)
This therapy seeks to successfully help clients to make positive, optimistic projections about their future.
e)
This therapy seeks to successfully demonstrate to the client that her automatic thinking is absolutely fully correct.
142.
What five different actions might a cognitive-behavior therapist successfully work with a client to change behaviors?
a)
Monitoring behaviors, setting goals, reinforcing, substituting thoughts, and practicing new behaviors.
b)
Making an anxiety hierarchy, learning relaxation, imagining or experiencing each step, and role playing.
c)
Assigning homework, using humor, simple persuasion, behavioral modeling, and self-discipline.
d)
Blaming themselves, focusing on negative events, ignoring positive events, and making pessimistic projections.
e)
Realizing assumptions are false, seeing they are disturbed, working to break old habits, and taking risks.
143.
For what two characteristics is cognitive-behavior therapy becoming increasingly well-known in the treatment field?
a)
They are becoming increasingly widespread and have proven effective for treating a wide range of problems.
b)
They are becoming increasingly focused on only the client's past life and their old and forgotten dreams.
c)
They are becoming increasingly focused on only the physiological effects of deep muscle relaxation and anxiety.
d)
They are becoming increasingly focused on only the external environments of aversive and operant conditioning.
e)
They are becoming increasingly focused on only the ultimate necessity of receiving a token economy reward.
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