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Worksheets6.2 Roman Empire: Rise and Decline
Total questions: 138
Worksheet time: 1hrs 9mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
What expanded after conquering the Italian peninsula?
a)
The Roman government
b)
The Carthaginian navy
c)
The Greek city-state of Athens
d)
The Egyptian kingdom
e)
The Persian military
2.
What action did Rome take after securing the Italian peninsula?
a)
Built a Mediterranean empire
b)
Created a northern alliance
c)
Established a desert colony
d)
Founded a mountain kingdom
e)
Developed a hidden fortress
3.
Which process brought riches but caused social division?
a)
The imperial expansion
b)
The local agricultural
c)
The internal migration
d)
The religious practice
e)
The scientific research
4.
What was the ultimate result of the internal conflicts?
a)
Crushed the republic
b)
Stabilized the senate
c)
Protected the border
d)
Enriched the farmers
e)
Improved the schools
5.
What entity emerged from the destruction of the old system?
a)
The Roman empire
b)
The Punic states
c)
The Alpine tribes
d)
The Senate council
e)
The tribal leagues
6.
What followed the rise of the Roman empire in history?
a)
A brand new chapter
b)
A short peaceful era
c)
A long silent period
d)
A brief golden age
e)
A fast fading time
7.
Which event caused contact with a North African city-state?
a)
Italian conquest
b)
Spanish expansion
c)
Egyptian trade
d)
Greek warfare
e)
French alliance
8.
Which city-state did Rome encounter in North Africa?
a)
The city of Carthage
b)
The city of Alexandria
c)
The city of Syracuse
d)
The city of Corinth
e)
The city of Athens
9.
Which group of people settled the city of Carthage?
a)
Phoenicians and Africans
b)
Greeks and Macedonians
c)
Italians and Etruscans
d)
Persians and Syrians
e)
Spaniards and Gauls
10.
What did the city of Carthage rule over?
a)
A vast trading empire
b)
A small island nation
c)
A distant forest tribe
d)
A single port harbor
e)
A snowy mountain peak
11.
Which power spread into the Mediterranean region?
a)
The Roman nation
b)
The Carthaginian navy
c)
The Persian army
d)
The Greek people
e)
The Syrian forces
12.
What happened as Rome moved into the Mediterranean?
a)
Conflict was inevitable
b)
Peace was established
c)
Trade was restricted
d)
Laws were forgotten
e)
Gold was discovered
13.
Which group fought three wars against Carthage?
a)
The Roman people
b)
The Greek allies
c)
The Spanish tribes
d)
The Gallic forces
e)
The Asian states
14.
What took place between 264 B.C. and 146 B.C.?
a)
Three distinct wars
b)
Several trade pacts
c)
Multiple peace deals
d)
Large social shifts
e)
Major law changes
15.
Which term is used to describe these specific wars?
a)
The Punic Wars
b)
The Italian Wars
c)
The African Wars
d)
The Great Wars
e)
The Sea Wars
16.
Where does the specific name for these wars originate?
a)
The word Phoenician
b)
The word conqueror
c)
The word destroyer
d)
The word mountain
e)
The word alliance
17.
Which military power defeated Carthage in the first war?
a)
The Roman forces
b)
The Greek navy
c)
The Spanish army
d)
The Alpine tribes
e)
The Persian state
18.
What islands were won by Rome during the first war?
a)
Sicily and Corsica
b)
Cyprus and Crete
c)
Rhodes and Malta
d)
Lesbos and Aegina
e)
Elba and Ischia
19.
Which people wanted to get back at Rome in the second war?
a)
The Carthaginians
b)
The Macedonians
c)
The Egyptians
d)
The Athenians
e)
The Spartans
20.
What did the Carthaginians desire during the second war?
a)
Military revenge
b)
Cultural exchange
c)
Agricultural aid
d)
Financial credit
e)
Religious unity
21.
Which specific leader led an army toward Italy in 218 B.C.?
a)
General Hannibal
b)
General Scipio
c)
General Caesar
d)
General Pompey
e)
General Sulla
22.
What animals were included in the march toward Italy?
a)
Many war elephants
b)
Large desert camels
c)
Strong mountain goats
d)
Swift forest horses
e)
Great black bulls
23.
Which individual lost one-third of his army on the trek?
a)
The general Hannibal
b)
The senator Cato
c)
The consul Scipio
d)
The ruler Alexander
e)
The leader Pyrrhus
24.
What was the cost of the march across the mountains?
a)
One third of army
b)
All of the supplies
c)
Half of the gold
d)
Most of the ships
e)
Two dozen horses
25.
Which two factors brought incredible riches into the Roman state?
a)
Conquests and trade
b)
Farming and fishing
c)
Mining and pottery
d)
Banking and weaving
e)
Hunting and gathering
26.
What was the result of the expansion of Roman conquests and trade?
a)
Brought huge riches
b)
Caused severe famine
c)
Led to total isolation
d)
Ended all the wars
e)
Reduced the population
27.
Which groups of people gained fortunes from loot and commerce?
a)
Generals and traders
b)
Teachers and artists
c)
Farmers and workers
d)
Sailors and doctors
e)
Monks and scholars
28.
How did elite Roman officials obtain their massive fortunes?
a)
Loot and tax revenue
b)
Selling local timber
c)
Breeding work horses
d)
Mining common stones
e)
Writing history books
29.
What social group developed because of the new Roman wealth?
a)
Class of rich Romans
b)
Group of poor slaves
c)
Tribe of desert nomads
d)
Order of silent monks
e)
Guild of copper smiths
30.
What happened to the social structure as wealth increased?
a)
A rich class emerged
b)
The poor class vanished
c)
Everyone became equal
d)
Most people left town
e)
Trade guilds dissolved
31.
Which specific group constructed lavish mansions for themselves?
a)
The wealthy Romans
b)
The local peasants
c)
The foreign sailors
d)
The young students
e)
The humble farmers
32.
What did wealthy Romans put inside their expensive mansions?
a)
Luxuries from east
b)
Tools from the north
c)
Grain from the south
d)
Fish from the west
e)
Wood from the hills
33.
Who purchased the massive farming estates known as latifundia?
a)
The wealthy families
b)
The escaped prisoners
c)
The foreign merchants
d)
The village councils
e)
The military scouts
34.
What name was given to the huge farming estates in Rome?
a)
The latifundia lands
b)
The communal gardens
c)
The northern forests
d)
The desert outposts
e)
The mountain valleys
35.
What did Rome acquire more of with every new conquest?
a)
Many more slaves
b)
Fewer gold coins
c)
Less fertile land
d)
More peace treaties
e)
Small wooden ships
36.
What was the impact of continued Roman military victories?
a)
Acquired more slaves
b)
Lost trading routes
c)
Reduced city borders
d)
Ended local farming
e)
Stopped all commerce
37.
Which nationality of highly skilled people were among the slaves?
a)
The Greek people
b)
The British tribes
c)
The German clans
d)
The Persian scouts
e)
The Indian monks
38.
What were the characteristics of some people taken as slaves?
a)
They were educated
b)
They were unskilled
c)
They were very young
d)
They were quite old
e)
They were unhealthy
39.
Which group did Romans bring into homes as private teachers?
a)
Enslaved Greek men
b)
Foreign army scouts
c)
Local street traders
d)
Northern fur hunters
e)
Western gold miners
40.
What role did enslaved Greeks play in Roman households?
a)
Taught the children
b)
Guarded the gates
c)
Cooked the meals
d)
Cleaned the floors
e)
Tended the horses
41.
Which specific group of people endured brutally harsh lives?
a)
The unskilled slaves
b)
The wealthy traders
c)
The military leaders
d)
The senate members
e)
The foreign kings
42.
What kind of existence did unskilled enslaved people face?
a)
Brutally harsh lives
b)
Quiet peaceful days
c)
Rich wealthy times
d)
Fast exciting lives
e)
Short healthy years
43.
What phenomenon significantly altered the Roman way of life?
a)
Growth of slavery
b)
Loss of territory
c)
Change in climate
d)
Lack of resources
e)
End of monarchy
44.
What was the result of the increase in enslaved populations?
a)
Greatly changed Rome
b)
Improved the farming
c)
Helped small owners
d)
Reduced city growth
e)
Ended all conflict
45.
What practice caused financial harm to the small farmers?
a)
Using slave labor
b)
Hunting wild game
c)
Selling iron tools
d)
Building new roads
e)
Trading rare spices
46.
Why were small farmers unable to compete with latifundia?
a)
Higher production cost
b)
Lower quality seeds
c)
Smaller water supply
d)
Longer work hours
e)
Better soil quality
47.
What specific commodity poured in from conquered territories?
a)
Huge grain amounts
b)
Large salt deposits
c)
Heavy iron blocks
d)
Thick silk fabrics
e)
Dark wine bottles
48.
What happened to the price of grain due to high supply?
a)
Prices were driven down
b)
Costs remained stable
c)
Prices rose quickly
d)
Trade was stopped
e)
Taxes were removed
49.
Who fell into debt and was forced to sell their property?
a)
The many farmers
b)
The rich generals
c)
The palace guards
d)
The city builders
e)
The senate leaders
50.
What was the consequence for farmers who could not pay debts?
a)
Sold their land
b)
Joined the senate
c)
Went to the army
d)
Left the country
e)
Bought more slaves
51.
Where did the landless farmers go after losing their property?
a)
Rome and cities
b)
Farms and fields
c)
Woods and forests
d)
Ships and oceans
e)
Caves and tunnels
52.
What were the displaced farmers searching for in the cities?
a)
Looking for jobs
b)
Seeking for gold
c)
Waiting for rain
d)
Asking for help
e)
Looking for wood
53.
Which group did the landless farmers join in the urban areas?
a)
Unemployed people
b)
Wealthy merchants
c)
Foreign travelers
d)
Secret societies
e)
Religious orders
54.
What was the social state of the unemployed class in Rome?
a)
Already very restless
b)
Completely satisfied
c)
Very well educated
d)
Highly disciplined
e)
Extremely peaceful
55.
What social condition widened and caused mobs to riot?
a)
Gap of rich and poor
b)
Size of the empire
c)
Number of the gods
d)
Length of the wars
e)
Depth of the ocean
56.
What was the reaction of the angry mobs to social inequality?
a)
Began to riot
b)
Started to farm
c)
Refused to work
d)
Left the city
e)
Joined the army
57.
What did the influx of new wealth produce in Roman society?
a)
Increased corruption
b)
Improved honesty
c)
Better education
d)
Higher happiness
e)
Total stability
58.
What was a negative side effect of Rome's newfound riches?
a)
Increased corruption
b)
Decreased taxation
c)
Faster travel
d)
Longer lifespans
e)
More festivals
59.
Which two plebeian brothers were the first to attempt reform?
a)
Tiberius and Gaius
b)
Romulus and Remus
c)
Caesar and Pompey
d)
Sulla and Marius
e)
Antonius and Lepidus
60.
What was the primary goal of the Gracchus brothers?
a)
To attempt reform
b)
To start a war
c)
To build a wall
d)
To kill the king
e)
To buy more land
61.
Which leader was elected as a tribune in 133 B.C.?
a)
Tiberius Gracchus
b)
Julius Caesar
c)
Mark Antony
d)
Scipio Africanus
e)
General Hannibal
62.
What did Tiberius ask the state to do for poor farmers?
a)
Distribute the land
b)
Provide new tools
c)
Lower the taxes
d)
Build new homes
e)
Give away seeds
63.
Who sought reforms ten years after his brother was elected?
a)
The leader Gaius
b)
The general Sulla
c)
The consul Pompey
d)
The orator Cicero
e)
The poet Virgil
64.
What did Gaius want to buy with public funds to help the poor?
a)
Grain for feeding
b)
Cloth for clothing
c)
Wood for heating
d)
Oil for lighting
e)
Wine for drinking
65.
Which governing body felt threatened by the proposed reforms?
a)
The Roman senate
b)
The local council
c)
The army officers
d)
The merchant guild
e)
The priest order
66.
How did the senate view the reforms of the brothers?
a)
Threat to power
b)
Way to peace
c)
Gift to people
d)
Plan for growth
e)
Tool for trade
67.
Which individuals were killed during the waves of violence?
a)
Brothers and followers
b)
Senators and guards
c)
Farmers and slaves
d)
Traders and sailors
e)
Women and children
68.
Who set off the street violence that killed the reformers?
a)
Senators and thugs
b)
Farmers and mobs
c)
Slaves and rebels
d)
Soldiers and kings
e)
Priests and monks
69.
What period of time characterized by civil wars engulfed Rome?
a)
A century of turmoil
b)
A decade of peace
c)
A month of silence
d)
A year of growth
e)
A week of trading
70.
What happened to Rome after the murders of the Gracchus brothers?
a)
Engulfed in turmoil
b)
United in purpose
c)
Expanded into Asia
d)
Stabilized the laws
e)
Ended all slavery
71.
What was the central issue regarding who should hold power?
a)
The governing body
b)
The ocean routes
c)
The forest lands
d)
The mountain mines
e)
The temple wealth
72.
Who wanted to govern as in the past or enact new reforms?
a)
Senate and leaders
b)
Priests and monks
c)
Sailors and cooks
d)
Poets and actors
e)
Doctors and maids
73.
What did the domestic turmoil spark within the Roman borders?
a)
The slave uprisings
b)
The garden parties
c)
The fishing contests
d)
The building projects
e)
The school sessions
74.
What occurred among the allies of Rome during the turmoil?
a)
Revolts among allies
b)
Peace with enemies
c)
Trade with neighbors
d)
Gifts from friends
e)
Help from tribes
75.
Which group of soldiers became professional armies?
a)
Old Roman legions
b)
Young Greek scouts
c)
Brave Persian guards
d)
Strong Syrian men
e)
New Gallic forces
76.
To whom did the professional armies give their first loyalty?
a)
Their commanders
b)
The city senate
c)
The local people
d)
The distant gods
e)
The foreign kings
77.
Who could march into Rome once they had their own armies?
a)
The rival commanders
b)
The farm workers
c)
The temple priests
d)
The small children
e)
The silver traders
78.
What was the purpose of commanders marching into Rome?
a)
Advance ambitions
b)
Plant more crops
c)
Teach the youth
d)
Build new roads
e)
Clean the streets
79.
What would help weaken the republic and lead to its overthrow?
a)
Ambitious generals
b)
Humble teachers
c)
Honest merchants
d)
Lazy sailors
e)
Quiet scholars
80.
What was the result of the power struggles among generals?
a)
Weakened republic
b)
Strengthened law
c)
Improved banking
d)
Increased safety
e)
Expanded rights
81.
Which ambitious military commander emerged out of the chaos?
a)
The Julius Caesar
b)
The Marcus Cato
c)
The Lucius Sulla
d)
The Gaius Marius
e)
The Marcus Brutus
82.
From what state of affairs did Julius Caesar emerge?
a)
Out of this chaos
b)
Out of total peace
c)
Out of the desert
d)
Out of the ocean
e)
Out of the forest
83.
Which two individuals dominated Roman politics for a time?
a)
Caesar and Pompey
b)
Remus and Romulus
c)
Antonius and Lepidus
d)
Brutus and Cassius
e)
Cato and Cicero
84.
What did Caesar and Pompey do within the political sphere?
a)
Dominated politics
b)
Ignored the laws
c)
Left the country
d)
Closed the senate
e)
Burned the books
85.
Which three men joined together to form the First Triumvirate?
a)
Caesar Pompey Crassus
b)
Sulla Marius Lepidus
c)
Octavian Antony Nero
d)
Cicero Cato Brutus
e)
Titus Nerva Hadrian
86.
What alliance did these three influential men form?
a)
The First Triumvirate
b)
The Great Council
c)
The Military Pact
d)
The Senate Alliance
e)
The Merchant Guild
87.
Who used the unofficial alliance to win a consulship in 59 B.C.?
a)
The leader Caesar
b)
The wealthy Crassus
c)
The general Pompey
d)
The orator Cicero
e)
The tribune Gaius
88.
What was the result of the unofficial alliance for Caesar?
a)
Won a consulship
b)
Lost his wealth
c)
Fled the country
d)
Joined the navy
e)
Became a priest
89.
How long did the First Triumvirate influence Roman politics?
a)
Until death in 53
b)
Until the new year
c)
Until the Great War
d)
Until the fire started
e)
Until the ships sank
90.
What happened to the First Triumvirate in 53 B.C.?
a)
Crassus passed away
b)
Rome was burned
c)
Trade was stopped
d)
Taxes were halved
e)
Peace was declared
91.
Which two men became political rivals soon after 53 B.C.?
a)
Caesar and Pompey
b)
Mark and Antony
c)
Brutus and Cassius
d)
Cato and Cicero
e)
Sulla and Marius
92.
What was the relationship between Caesar and Pompey later?
a)
Became rivals
b)
Stayed partners
c)
Became brothers
d)
Became students
e)
Stayed friends
93.
Who set out with an army in 58 B.C. for new conquests?
a)
The general Caesar
b)
The leader Pompey
c)
The wealthy Crassus
d)
The senator Cicero
e)
The tribune Tiberius
94.
What did Caesar do with his army starting in 58 B.C.?
a)
Made new conquests
b)
Built many walls
c)
Taught the tribes
d)
Sold the horses
e)
Left the service
95.
What region, now France and Belgium, was conquered by Caesar?
a)
The area of Gaul
b)
The area of Spain
c)
The area of Egypt
d)
The area of Syria
e)
The area of Greece
96.
How long did the fighting in Gaul last before completion?
a)
Total of nine years
b)
Total of two weeks
c)
Total of five months
d)
Total of six decades
e)
Total of one century
97.
Who persuaded the senate to order Caesar to disband his army?
a)
The rival Pompey
b)
The wealthy Crassus
c)
The speaker Cicero
d)
The brother Gaius
e)
The general Sulla
98.
What did the senate order Caesar to do after his success?
a)
Disband his army
b)
Buy more land
c)
Attack the east
d)
Marry the queen
e)
Build a palace
99.
Which individual defied the order to disband the military?
a)
The commander Caesar
b)
The general Pompey
c)
The senator Cicero
d)
The consul Crassus
e)
The tribune Gaius
100.
What was Caesar's response to the senate's order?
a)
Defied the order
b)
Obeyed the law
c)
Left his post
d)
Burned his camp
e)
Sent more gold
101.
What river did Caesar lead his army across into northern Italy?
a)
The Rubicon River
b)
The Tiber River
c)
The Nile River
d)
The Rhone River
e)
The Po River
102.
How did Caesar move his army into northern Italy?
a)
Swiftly and secretly
b)
Loudly and slowly
c)
Bravely and openly
d)
Safely and calmly
e)
Poorly and weakly
103.
Which city was plunged into civil war once again?
a)
The city of Rome
b)
The city of Gaul
c)
The city of Athens
d)
The city of Sparta
e)
The city of Tyre
104.
What was the consequence of Caesar's march into Italy?
a)
Plunged into war
b)
Reached total peace
c)
Started new trade
d)
Found more gold
e)
Ended the famine
105.
Which political rival and his supporters did Caesar crush?
a)
Pompey and allies
b)
Crassus and staff
c)
Brutus and friends
d)
Cato and family
e)
Sulla and troops
106.
What did Caesar do to the followers of his rival?
a)
Crushed the group
b)
Helped the men
c)
Joined the side
d)
Freed the party
e)
Fed the people
107.
Where did Caesar sweep to suppress various rebellions?
a)
The Mediterranean
b)
The northern woods
c)
The eastern hills
d)
The western plains
e)
The southern sands
108.
What did Caesar do while traveling around the Mediterranean?
a)
Suppressed rebels
b)
Planted new trees
c)
Built small docks
d)
Wrote many poems
e)
Bought more silk
109.
What famous Latin phrase did Caesar announce after a victory?
a)
Veni Vidi Vici
b)
Carpe Diem Now
c)
Pax Romana Time
d)
Cave Canem Here
e)
Et Tu Brute
110.
What does the phrase "Veni, vidi, vici" mean in English?
a)
Came Saw Conquered
b)
Bought Sold Traded
c)
Read Wrote Spoke
d)
Ran Jumped Swam
e)
Lived Loved Died
111.
Who was forced by Caesar to name him dictator?
a)
The Roman senate
b)
The local people
c)
The army guards
d)
The foreign kings
e)
The trade guilds
112.
What title did Caesar force the senate to give him?
a)
The title dictator
b)
The title merchant
c)
The title teacher
d)
The title peasant
e)
The title student
113.
Which individual was in fact the absolute ruler of Rome?
a)
The leader Caesar
b)
The general Pompey
c)
The consul Crassus
d)
The senator Cicero
e)
The tribune Tiberius
114.
What did Caesar maintain despite being an absolute ruler?
a)
Features of republic
b)
Laws of the tribes
c)
Trade of the east
d)
Rites of the north
e)
Books of the west
115.
Who pushed through reforms between 48 B.C. and 44 B.C.?
a)
The dictator Caesar
b)
The general Pompey
c)
The senator Cicero
d)
The consul Crassus
e)
The tribune Gaius
116.
What was the intention of Caesar's various reforms?
a)
Deal with problems
b)
Start more wars
c)
Buy more slaves
d)
Build more walls
e)
Close more shops
117.
What did Caesar launch to employ the jobless people?
a)
Programs of works
b)
Schools for kids
c)
Teams for sports
d)
Groups for music
e)
Clubs for games
118.
To whom did Caesar give public land?
a)
The poor people
b)
The rich traders
c)
The foreign kings
d)
The army scouts
e)
The city guards
119.
What did Caesar reorganize regarding the distant territories?
a)
Province government
b)
Mountain mining
c)
Forest hunting
d)
Ocean fishing
e)
Desert trading
120.
To whom did Caesar grant Roman citizenship?
a)
Many more people
b)
Fewer city men
c)
Only the rich
d)
Just the lords
e)
None of the folks
121.
What was Caesar's most lasting reform for society?
a)
The new calendar
b)
The new bridge
c)
The new school
d)
The new market
e)
The new temple
122.
Upon whose system was the new Roman calendar based?
a)
The Egyptian people
b)
The Greek people
c)
The Persian people
d)
The Spanish people
e)
The Gallic people
123.
How long was the Julian calendar used in Western Europe?
a)
More than 1600 years
b)
Less than ten weeks
c)
Exactly five decades
d)
About nine months
e)
Nearly two centuries
124.
What is the status of the Julian calendar today?
a)
Still our calendar
b)
Long since deleted
c)
Totally forgotten
d)
Now strictly illegal
e)
Only for holidays
125.
Who worried that Caesar planned to make himself king?
a)
Enemies of Caesar
b)
Friends of Pompey
c)
Guards of Rome
d)
Priests of Mars
e)
Poets of Italy
126.
What did Caesar's enemies worry he would become?
a)
King of the city
b)
Priest of the temple
c)
Trader of the silk
d)
Farmer of the land
e)
Sailor of the sea
127.
Why did the enemies of Caesar plot against him?
a)
To save republic
b)
To build a road
c)
To start a fire
d)
To buy some gold
e)
To win a game
128.
What action did the enemies take to save the republic?
a)
Plotted against him
b)
Sang for the man
c)
Gave him a gift
d)
Built him a home
e)
Sent him a horse
129.
Where was Caesar when his enemies stabbed him to death?
a)
Within the senate
b)
Inside the market
c)
Near the harbor
d)
On the bridge
e)
At the school
130.
What happened to Caesar in March of 44 B.C.?
a)
Stabbed to death
b)
Elected as king
c)
Sent to the war
d)
Lost all money
e)
Fled the country
131.
What happened to Rome after the death of Julius Caesar?
a)
New civil wars
b)
Long total peace
c)
More gold found
d)
Less rain fell
e)
New walls built
132.
What did the death of Caesar plunge the city into?
a)
Round of civil wars
b)
Time of great joy
c)
Year of heavy rain
d)
Week of large sales
e)
Month of no work
133.
Which two men joined forces to hunt Caesar's murderers?
a)
Antony and Octavian
b)
Pompey and Crassus
c)
Brutus and Cassius
d)
Cato and Cicero
e)
Sulla and Marius
134.
What was the goal of Mark Antony and Octavian?
a)
Hunt the murderers
b)
Find the treasure
c)
Build the temple
d)
Buy the horses
e)
Catch the fish
135.
What happened between Antony and Octavian soon after?
a)
The two quarreled
b)
The two married
c)
The two retired
d)
The two traded
e)
The two danced
136.
What did the quarrel between the two men set off?
a)
Struggle for power
b)
Search for gold
c)
Need for water
d)
Lack of bread
e)
End of the city
137.
Who finally defeated Antony in 31 B.C.?
a)
The leader Octavian
b)
The general Pompey
c)
The consul Crassus
d)
The senator Cicero
e)
The tribune Gaius
138.
Which Egyptian queen was the powerful ally of Antony?
a)
The Queen Cleopatra
b)
The Queen Nefertiti
c)
The Queen Hatshepsut
d)
The Queen Zenobia
e)
The Queen Boudica
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