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WorksheetsBehavioral Therapy
Total questions: 143
Worksheet time: 48mins
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Class
Date
1.
For several days, how many times each day did Brooks Workman stop what she was doing to vividly imagine opening a can?
a)
She stopped her activities five separate times during the course of each day.
b)
She imagined the process three distinct times every day of the week.
c)
She ceased her work four different times throughout her daily schedule.
d)
She halted her schedule two particular times during every single day.
e)
She paused her day six individual times throughout each specific day.
2.
What specific action did the woman make a point of visualizing in the next stage of her imaginary scenario?
a)
She specifically pictured the act of bringing the soda can up to her lips and placing her mouth on it.
b)
She deliberately thought about the action of gripping the metallic top and peeling the tab backward.
c)
She carefully imagined the action of shaking the entire aluminum container to check for liquid inside.
d)
She focused on the process of placing the chilled beverage on a solid counter surface and wiping condensation.
e)
She strongly considered the action of grasping the ring pull and applying sudden backward pressure.
3.
Just before she was going to take a drink, what disgusting sight did the woman imagine emerging from the container and scurrying into her mouth?
a)
She imagined a large number of crawling insects quickly leaving the beverage container and moving into her mouth while they squirmed.
b)
She pictured a frightening quantity of slimy, green water pouring out of the open lid and rapidly choking her breathing.
c)
She envisioned an alarming amount of long, black hairs rapidly escaping the tiny opening and clinging tightly to her tongue.
d)
She pictured a massive swarm of flying insects exiting the opened soda container and then crawling immediately down her throat.
e)
She envisioned a great many sticky, brown spider webs crawling quickly from the can and wrapping around her teeth.
4.
Based on the description provided, what reason would someone have for intentionally creating such a repulsive mental visualization?
a)
The person was attempting to decrease the quantity of sweetened beverages consumed daily.
b)
The person was seeking to overcome a severe, long-standing fear of tiny, multi-legged bugs.
c)
The person was working to increase the mental concentration used for daily mundane visualization exercises.
d)
The person was attempting to understand how to apply the principles of counter-conditioning to her diet.
e)
The person was trying to determine if her anxiety levels would increase after a short period of focused thought.
5.
What conclusion is made about the woman's actions in relation to how unusual they might first appear to an observer?
a)
The individual's conduct was not quite as odd as a first quick consideration might suggest.
b)
The woman's actions were considered much more peculiar than originally assumed by the therapist.
c)
The observed conduct was determined to be extremely typical for a person in this kind of experiment.
d)
The strange behavior was deemed totally unexplainable upon initial close examination of her history.
e)
The oddity of the woman's conduct was not the focus of the current therapeutic intervention.
6.
What specific goal was the woman attempting to accomplish by using this strange visualization practice?
a)
She was actively working to reduce the total consumption of sugary soda drinks every twenty-four hour period.
b)
She was actively trying to increase the quantity of plain water she drank during the course of the day.
c)
She was working to completely eliminate any and all sugary foods from her restricted dietary routine.
d)
She was diligently attempting to reduce the number of hours she spent on frivolous and unproductive activity.
e)
She was hoping to significantly reduce the frequency of her overall anxiety attacks.
7.
What therapeutic approach is identified as the method Brooks Workman used to achieve her objective of changing her soft drink habit?
a)
Brooks utilized a process known as behavioral change, a type of therapy often employed to modify voluntary unwanted actions.
b)
Brooks employed a process identified as cognitive restructuring, a distinct type of therapy used to change distorted thinking.
c)
Brooks utilized a method called aversion therapy, a form of counseling frequently used to change deeply embedded personality traits.
d)
Brooks employed a strategy called systematic desensitization, a way of treatment used to reduce fears of specific animals.
e)
Brooks utilized a form of psychoanalytic exploration, a method of counseling often used to understand childhood influences.
8.
What two specific types of psychological treatments are going to be explored in the subsequent paragraphs of this reading section?
a)
The upcoming discussion will cover approaches focused on actions and methods centered around thought processes.
b)
The upcoming discussion will analyze therapies based on humanism and those focused on biological functioning.
c)
The upcoming discussion will examine techniques from Gestalt and procedures from psychodynamic perspectives.
d)
The upcoming discussion will look at methods related to interpersonal and those focused on group interaction.
e)
The upcoming discussion will look at treatments that are drug-based and those focused on electrical stimulation.
9.
According to Beck's 1991 findings, what is the central purpose or aim of all cognitive treatment approaches?
a)
The main aim of the cognitive treatments is changing the manner in which various people reason and perceive information.
b)
The primary goal of the behavioral treatments is modifying the way individuals react to their external surroundings.
c)
The essential purpose of the psychodynamic treatments is helping patients recall important repressed early-life memories.
d)
The foundational aim of the humanistic treatments is changing how people view their own personal value and existence.
e)
The initial goal of the biological treatments is to alter the essential chemical balance within the brain’s neural circuitry.
10.
What shared concept is a fundamental assumption of cognitive therapies regarding how faulty cognitions impact people's lives?
a)
The belief is that flawed thinking patterns alter our actions, feelings, and general outlook on life and its events.
b)
The belief is that repressed traumatic events influence all our adult behaviors, emotional states, and interpersonal bonds.
c)
The belief is that an individual's self-actualization potential is completely limited by their ability to maintain positive self-regard.
d)
The belief is that a person's undesirable behavior is always the direct result of a lack of proper reinforcement and punishment.
e)
The belief is that mental problems are always directly caused by imbalances in critical, naturally occurring neurotransmitters.
11.
In order to achieve a better life experience, what is the required primary action that one must undertake regarding internal mental processes?
a)
Individuals are required to actively work to modify their established personal style and habits of thinking.
b)
Individuals are required to completely change all their social surroundings and relationships with others.
c)
Individuals must actively attempt to change the observable actions of other people in their immediate environment.
d)
Individuals must concentrate only on finding better ways to increase the total number of positive feelings experienced.
e)
Individuals must focus on altering all the significant events that occur in their daily personal routines.
12.
Beyond the central goal, what additional aspect of cognitive treatments is brought up for discussion?
a)
The passage requests an explanation of other ways that cognitive therapies might be considered to be quite similar.
b)
The passage asks for a full explanation of different ways that cognitive therapies might be significantly different.
c)
The passage questions the exact number of therapists who actively use only cognitive therapy in their regular practice.
d)
The passage asks about the effectiveness of various cognitive techniques when compared to behavioral ones.
e)
The passage questions whether cognitive therapies are only effective for treating specific psychiatric illnesses.
13.
According to some psychological professionals, what is the maximum number of shared principles that all of these theories will incorporate?
a)
These theories will adhere to at least one but no more than a total of three different foundational principles.
b)
These theories will follow exactly four main concepts that guide the application of all the techniques involved.
c)
These theories will follow a minimum of five basic and interconnected philosophical ideas regarding human nature.
d)
These theories will adhere to only a single, unified, and universally accepted philosophical guiding concept.
e)
These theories will follow a wide and unspecified quantity of foundational ideas and guiding principles.
14.
In the principle of disconfirmation, what are clients directly confronted with in relation to their current set of established beliefs?
a)
Clients may be shown material that explicitly disputes the fundamental convictions they currently maintain.
b)
Clients may be presented with new ways of thinking that support their current, faulty convictions.
c)
Clients are given a selection of various techniques to change all their strongly held and emotional convictions.
d)
Clients are encouraged to simply ignore any data that does not match their own immediate and personal convictions.
e)
Clients are asked to openly admit that their current collection of convictions are fundamentally wrong and misleading.
15.
What activity are clients engaged in during the process that is identified as reconceptualization?
a)
Clients actively strive to develop an alternative explanatory framework for their past experiences and current observations.
b)
Clients actively work to fully eliminate all of their existing beliefs about themselves and their personal future.
c)
Clients are attempting to modify the actions of other people that affect them by changing their external reactions.
d)
Clients are actively working on finding a new therapist to address all their complex interpersonal relationship difficulties.
e)
Clients are focused on learning how to apply behavioral reinforcement principles to their own personal behaviors.
16.
During the process known as insight, what is the primary objective that clients are focused on achieving with respect to their beliefs?
a)
Clients are striving to comprehend and formulate an improved or newly revised set of personal beliefs and understandings.
b)
Clients are working on identifying the exact moment in their past when their original and faulty beliefs were created.
c)
Clients are focused on learning to fully accept that their previous set of beliefs were correct but are now simply outdated.
d)
Clients are attempting to change their personal actions and outward behaviors without modifying their deep internal beliefs.
e)
Clients are seeking to find out what type of new evidence supports all of their current observations and personal conclusions.
17.
Who is credited with introducing and developing the therapeutic approach called rational-emotive therapy (RET)?
a)
A psychologist named Albert Ellis was responsible for introducing this specific type of psychological treatment in the 1970s.
b)
A therapist known as Aaron T. Beck was responsible for developing this particular form of cognitive intervention.
c)
A prominent figure named Joseph Wolpe originally introduced this specific method of reducing generalized anxiety.
d)
A well-known psychologist named B.F. Skinner was responsible for the initial development of this technique of self-control.
e)
A recognized expert named Sigmund Freud initially developed this specific method for dream analysis and interpretation.
18.
What did Ellis generally believe about the typical way that people conduct themselves concerning their personal life assumptions?
a)
Ellis maintained that individuals conduct themselves in ways that are planned and logical based on personal assumptions about existence.
b)
Ellis theorized that people tend to act in ways that are disorganized and impulsive regardless of their personal assumptions about existence.
c)
Ellis believed that all people behave in highly emotional ways regardless of their personal assumptions about the future consequences.
d)
Ellis maintained that all individuals conduct themselves in ways that are determined by biological programming rather than assumptions.
e)
Ellis theorized that people behave in ways that are completely irrational until they receive the correct therapeutic intervention.
19.
When do problems involving a person’s emotional state typically begin to present themselves, according to Ellis's view?
a)
When the personal expectations and underlying assumptions held by a person are unrealistic, emotional difficulties start.
b)
When the individual is continuously exposed to emotionally unsupportive social surroundings, the issues begin.
c)
When the person has no way of effectively communicating their emotional requirements to close family members, they start.
d)
When the individual’s daily routines become too challenging to handle independently, the emotional problems start.
e)
When the person’s childhood experiences involve a high degree of physical and emotional neglect, the issues begin.
20.
What fictional scenario is introduced to illustrate a man seeking therapeutic assistance?
a)
A man starts seeking therapeutic services after a romantic partner decides to suddenly end their relationship with him.
b)
A man is currently looking for therapeutic help after he suddenly loses his well-paying, long-term employment position.
c)
A man begins seeking professional help after experiencing a sudden and deep feeling of generalized anxiety in public.
d)
A man is currently looking for a therapist to help him process a deeply traumatic emotional memory from his childhood.
e)
A man starts seeking assistance from a counselor due to his continuous inability to make new friends easily in life.
21.
Regarding the rejection by his romantic partner, what is the man’s deep-seated and persistent mental position?
a)
He has a deep conviction that he cannot endure the harsh reality that his partner has decided to disregard him.
b)
He feels that he is directly to blame for all the relationship’s failings and the subsequent emotional disregard by his partner.
c)
He believes that he can easily cope with the situation because he has many supportive and loving friends to help him.
d)
He has the deep sense that his former partner never truly cared for him during the time they spent together.
e)
He understands that while the event is difficult, he will be able to manage the feelings of being dismissed over time.
22.
According to the described scenario, what is the man’s perspective on the quality of his existence if he does not have his former partner?
a)
The man’s life will be worthless and completely empty if he is not able to be with his former romantic partner.
b)
The man believes his life will be significantly improved because of the removal of a deeply toxic relationship dynamic.
c)
The man thinks that his life will be filled with many new and exciting opportunities for personal exploration and growth.
d)
The man assumes that his life will simply be different for a while but then will eventually return to the way it was before.
e)
The man suggests that his life will become overwhelmingly difficult because he will not be able to easily find new employment.
23.
What emotional state has the former partner's action reportedly caused the man to feel about his own personal value?
a)
She has supposedly made him feel totally valueless and completely without any self-worth or positive qualities.
b)
She has supposedly made him feel absolutely confused about his own personal identity and overall future plans.
c)
She has supposedly caused him to feel surprisingly relieved to no longer be trapped within an unhealthy relationship.
d)
She has supposedly made him feel intensely angry and deeply resentful toward all other women in his social circle.
e)
She has supposedly caused him to feel overwhelmingly guilty for all the mistakes he made throughout the relationship.
24.
What strong and immediate action does the man feel that he absolutely must successfully complete following the break-up?
a)
He believes that he is absolutely obligated to find a way to make her return to him and resume their prior relationship.
b)
He believes that he is immediately compelled to try and completely forget everything about her and their relationship.
c)
He believes that he has an immediate requirement to seek out a highly competent professional counselor.
d)
He feels that he is completely obligated to spend a lot of time alone to properly understand all of his deep emotional feelings.
e)
He believes that he has an immediate responsibility to move far away to a different geographic location as soon as possible.
25.
In the scenario, the man is described as behaving like what type of person when demanding his former partner’s affection?
a)
The man is described as acting like a self-centered, spoiled young person who insists upon getting exactly what he wants.
b)
The man is described as behaving like a mature, emotionally intelligent individual who understands the circumstances perfectly.
c)
The man is described as acting like an unstable, highly unpredictable person who frequently lashes out at those around him.
d)
The man is described as behaving like a reasonable, highly rational adult who has carefully considered all the relationship issues involved.
e)
The man is described as acting like a confused, disoriented individual who cannot clearly remember the exact details of the break-up.
26.
What type of strong, non-negotiable belief does the man hold about the way that events should unfold in his personal life?
a)
He firmly believes, and sometimes strongly demands, that all events will consistently proceed in his preferred manner.
b)
He firmly believes, and sometimes strongly demands, that his ex-partner will return to him within a few short days.
c)
He understands, and sometimes calmly accepts, that things will not consistently proceed in his preferred way all the time.
d)
He strongly believes, and sometimes insists, that other people should always be the ones held completely responsible for his personal actions.
e)
He calmly believes, and accepts, that he will need to change his personal attitude toward other people in the future.
27.
Considering the man's uncompromising life expectation, what is the only conclusion he can form about his ex-partner’s decision to leave him?
a)
The only conclusion is that there must be an absolutely terrible flaw in either his own character or in her personality.
b)
The only conclusion is that the separation must be due to the natural, gradual decline of their romantic relationship.
c)
The only conclusion is that he must not have been giving his romantic partner enough of his own focused personal attention.
d)
The only conclusion is that her leaving is simply a normal consequence of any romantic relationship that lasts for a very long time.
e)
The only conclusion is that he must have deeply offended her in some way that he has completely forgotten to remember.
28.
According to the therapist's analysis, what is the fundamental problem or issue with the man's emotional situation?
a)
The basic underlying problem, in the therapist's professional opinion, is a defect within the man's own internal thought patterns.
b)
The primary issue, in the therapist's view, is the former partner’s callous and unexpected choice to emotionally abandon him.
c)
The essential concern, in the therapist's opinion, is the man’s current unemployment status and his related financial burdens.
d)
The underlying issue, in the therapist's view, is the highly toxic social environment in which the man currently lives and works.
e)
The most significant problem, in the therapist's professional opinion, is the man's total lack of strong social support from family members.
29.
By incorrectly identifying his feelings for his ex-partner as a necessity instead of just a want, what outcome is the man creating for himself?
a)
By making this error in definition, the man is directly generating his own strong feelings of deep sadness and hopelessness.
b)
By making this classification error, he is actively transferring the root cause of his feelings onto his former partner’s actions.
c)
By this mislabeling, he is unintentionally creating an opportunity for a very long and successful therapeutic treatment.
d)
By this definitional error, the man is properly classifying the true origin of his extremely difficult emotional problem.
e)
By making this mistake in definition, he is helping the therapist to clearly understand the source of his debilitating problem.
30.
What is the consequence of convincing yourself that you have an absolute requirement for another specific individual to remain in your existence?
a)
If you believe this, you will definitely be unable to function properly without the constant presence of that specific person.
b)
If you believe this, you will feel a surprising sense of freedom and independence when that specific person finally leaves.
c)
If you believe this, you will quickly find a suitable replacement for the person who has decided to leave your life.
d)
If you believe this, you will finally realize that you are an extremely capable and emotionally mature person.
e)
If you believe this, you will, in fact, be completely unaffected by the person’s permanent absence from your daily life.
31.
What is the likely emotional result of believing that you are absolutely incapable of tolerating any form of personal disregard or abandonment?
a)
The likely outcome is that you will experience a total emotional collapse when you are eventually confronted with rejection.
b)
The likely outcome is that you will react with surprising anger and extreme resentment towards the person who abandoned you.
c)
The likely outcome is that you will calmly accept the fact of rejection as a normal part of all relationships in your life.
d)
The likely outcome is that you will feel a sense of profound relief when the inevitable experience of rejection finally occurs.
e)
The likely outcome is that you will immediately look for an alternative relationship that will provide you with emotional safety.
32.
What specific elements form the foundation of this particular category of problematic thinking patterns?
a)
This kind of illogical reasoning is built upon unreasonable positions, incorrect assumptions, and inflexible expectations for behavior.
b)
This kind of faulty thinking is based upon an individual's unfortunate childhood circumstances and the actions of their primary caregivers.
c)
This kind of poor reasoning is built upon complex genetic predispositions that were inherited from a person's immediate family line.
d)
This kind of illogical thinking is based entirely on the absence of proper therapeutic intervention for a long, extended period of time.
e)
This kind of problematic reasoning is built upon the idea that the man is inherently a completely unlovable and broken individual.
33.
What is the primary objective and central goal of the therapeutic approach known as rational-emotive therapy?
a)
The main purpose is to correct all of these untrue and personally destructive expectations and convictions that the client holds.
b)
The main goal is to fully explore all the subconscious motivations that drive the client’s irrational and confusing behavior.
c)
The primary purpose is to completely eliminate all of the client's self-defeating behaviors through a system of punishment.
d)
The main objective is to challenge the client to only maintain personal beliefs that are totally congruent with the opinions of his peers.
e)
The primary goal is to identify the childhood events that were responsible for the creation of all the client’s current self-defeating beliefs.
34.
What conclusion is offered regarding the nature of being personally disregarded or dismissed in a relationship context?
a)
Being disregarded by another person is unpleasant to deal with but is certainly not impossible for a person to tolerate.
b)
Being dismissed by a partner is intolerable and will always cause a person to experience a serious and complete emotional breakdown.
c)
Being disregarded is a desirable experience because it forces the person to grow and completely change their life's direction.
d)
Being dismissed is a rare event that is almost never experienced by people who maintain only healthy relationships with others.
e)
Being disregarded by a partner is a positive experience because it finally frees the person to be their authentic self in public.
35.
In the context of a personal relationship, what specific quality is denied concerning the desirability of the bond?
a)
A close personal relationship may be considered a good thing to possess, but it is not an element that can never be replaced.
b)
A close romantic bond is not a desirable thing to have because it always ends in painful and inevitable personal disappointment.
c)
A committed personal relationship is the single most important aspect of a fully realized and completely mature human life.
d)
A close personal relationship is an absolute and non-negotiable requirement for an emotionally stable individual to function properly.
e)
A personal relationship is always considered to be a completely necessary element for a person to maintain a high level of happiness.
36.
In order to instruct the client on how to use more realistic thinking, what is one general method utilized by RET practitioners?
a)
To instruct the client, RET practitioners may use a great variety of therapeutic strategies and techniques in their professional practice.
b)
To educate the client, RET practitioners primarily rely on the use of lengthy periods of quiet, deep, personal introspection.
c)
To instruct the client, RET therapists mainly use the specific technique of analyzing the client’s deeply symbolic dream narratives.
d)
To educate the client, RET therapists typically assign the patient many long, complicated reading assignments on philosophy and logic.
e)
To instruct the client, RET practitioners mostly depend on the application of only a few highly specialized behavioral exercises.
37.
What is the specific purpose of the role-playing technique used by the therapist in this type of treatment approach?
a)
The technique is used so the individual can visually perceive how his personal expectations impact his close personal associations.
b)
The technique is used so the client can better understand the exact point in time when his negative expectations were initially formed.
c)
The technique is used so the person can have an opportunity to practice speaking logically in front of a completely non-judgmental group.
d)
The technique is used so the individual can properly rehearse the specific statements that he plans to use when he contacts his ex-partner.
e)
The technique is used so the person can adequately demonstrate his ability to completely avoid any negative personal feelings.
38.
What is the purpose of the modeling technique as a secondary method of therapeutic instruction?
a)
Modeling is used to show other, different approaches of behaving and thinking that the client can later adopt and practice.
b)
Modeling is used to accurately recreate the exact emotional circumstances in which the client’s faulty beliefs were initially acquired.
c)
Modeling is used to help the client practice avoiding making eye contact with strangers in social settings outside of the office.
d)
Modeling is used to demonstrate how to perform highly complex and advanced relaxation exercises and proper breathing techniques.
e)
Modeling is used to show the client how to ignore all the negative and judgmental opinions of the different people around him.
39.
What is the third technique mentioned that is used to call attention to the inherent senselessness of the client’s deeply held convictions?
a)
The use of joking or comedy is used to highlight the illogical nature of all of the client’s current personal beliefs.
b)
The use of a journal or diary is used to keep an accurate and continuous record of all the client’s problematic behaviors.
c)
The use of a reward or punishment system is used to change the client's illogical actions into more reasonable behaviors.
d)
The use of a written contract or agreement is used to formally state all the expected changes in the client’s behavior.
e)
The use of a family meeting or session is used to show the client how his beliefs affect his closest personal relationships.
40.
What is yet another simple and straightforward technique that the therapist may choose to employ to challenge the client’s illogical thoughts?
a)
The therapist can also use plain forceful reasoning to argue against the client’s deeply irrational and self-destructive expectations.
b)
The therapist can also use simple aversion therapy by pairing an unpleasant stimulus with the client’s negative expectations.
c)
The therapist can also employ the technique of deep meditation to help the client calm his overall emotional responsiveness to the issues.
d)
The therapist can also use a technique of systematic desensitization to reduce the client’s fear of being emotionally rejected by others.
e)
The therapist can also choose to use a form of mild electrical stimulation to help the client change his overall mental state.
41.
Besides in-office techniques, what assignment might the counselor also give the man to practice behaving more soundly and judiciously?
a)
The therapist may assign the man take-home tasks to provide him an opportunity to exercise more balanced actions.
b)
The therapist may require the client to write a long, complex, and detailed apology letter to his former romantic partner.
c)
The therapist may assign the man the task of actively avoiding all social interaction until he successfully changes his negative beliefs.
d)
The therapist may require the man to find a new employment position and to begin immediately earning more money to solve his issues.
e)
The therapist may assign the man to simply wait for a short period of time to see if his former romantic partner eventually returns to him.
42.
What is a specific example of an activity the therapist might encourage the man to participate in to practice the newly learned concepts?
a)
The counselor might ask him to invite potential romantic partners who are likely to turn him down out on social dates.
b)
The counselor might ask him to spend a great deal of time reading from books that focus on a variety of different philosophical topics.
c)
The counselor might ask him to immediately call his former partner and apologize sincerely for all of his past mistakes in the relationship.
d)
The counselor might ask him to actively search for and find a completely new and more understanding romantic partner as soon as possible.
e)
The counselor might ask him to go to a highly unfamiliar location and to spend a lot of time walking alone in nature to reflect on his problems.
43.
What is the goal of having the man engage in activities where he is expected to be turned down by potential partners?
a)
The intention is that he will learn how to handle life when circumstances do not proceed in the specific way he prefers.
b)
The intention is that he will immediately learn how to change the negative and illogical expectations that he has about all women.
c)
The intention is that he will immediately understand that he is a completely unlovable person who will never find a romantic partner.
d)
The intention is that he will learn to transfer all the personal anxiety he feels from his ex-partner onto new social situations.
e)
The intention is that he will quickly learn how to easily persuade all people to completely fulfill his every personal request.
44.
According to Ellis, what is the structure he used to illustrate how an individual’s personal actions are fundamentally generated?
a)
Ellis preferred to teach that an individual’s behaviors are the ultimate consequence of the simple three-part concept of the ABCs.
b)
Ellis preferred to teach that all behaviors are the primary product of three different and competing parts of the human personality.
c)
Ellis preferred to teach that an individual's behaviors are the direct result of a total of five different essential needs for human survival.
d)
Ellis preferred to teach that all behaviors are fundamentally caused by the interaction of a complex series of different environmental stimuli.
e)
Ellis preferred to teach that an individual's behaviors are the result of three specific and deeply rooted unconscious motivational factors.
45.
In Ellis's simple illustrative model, what key concept does the letter 'A' represent in the sequence of events?
a)
The letter 'A' stands for the event that initiates or activates the entire chain of personal emotional and behavioral responses.
b)
The letter 'A' stands for the person’s deeply ingrained ways of thinking and their current personal philosophical outlook on life.
c)
The letter 'A' stands for the negative or positive emotional responses and actions that follow the person’s thought patterns.
d)
The letter 'A' stands for the primary source of anxiety or stress that all individuals feel when they are placed in a challenging situation.
e)
The letter 'A' stands for the person's tendency to avoid any situation that is emotionally challenging or physically painful.
46.
Within Ellis's simple three-part model, what specific element is represented by the middle letter, 'B'?
a)
The letter 'B' signifies the individual's system of beliefs or personal expectations about the nature of the activating incident.
b)
The letter 'B' represents the specific actions and all the observable behavioral outcomes that eventually follow a specific incident.
c)
The letter 'B' stands for the highly negative or positive emotions that the person feels as a direct result of the original incident.
d)
The letter 'B' signifies the body's innate, automatic, and physiological response to a frightening or threatening environmental occurrence.
e)
The letter 'B' represents the therapist’s professional blame regarding the client’s contribution to the original activating incident.
47.
In the ABCs of personal action, what specific outcome is designated by the final letter, 'C'?
a)
The letter 'C' is designated for the various consequences that immediately result from the preceding personal beliefs and actions.
b)
The letter 'C' stands for the original circumstance or event that initiates the entire chain of actions and emotional responses in the person.
c)
The letter 'C' is designated for the highly complex and very difficult emotional feelings that a person experiences after an event.
d)
The letter 'C' stands for the personal conviction or belief system that a person holds about the nature of the entire situation.
e)
The letter 'C' is designated for the cause of the emotional problem, which Ellis believes is always the specific activating circumstance.
48.
What did Ellis state is the true origin of an individual’s emotional or behavioral difficulty, rather than the circumstance itself?
a)
The issue is not the actual situation, but instead the way an individual thinks about the nature of the specific situation that occurred.
b)
The issue is not the person’s pattern of thought, but instead the severity and intensity of the actual situation that took place.
c)
The issue is not the person's way of thinking, but instead the complete and total lack of professional therapeutic help that they received.
d)
The issue is not the actual situation, but instead the number of different situations that all happened simultaneously in the person’s life.
e)
The issue is not the way a person thinks, but instead the degree of emotional support they received from close family and friends.
49.
What conclusion is derived from the statement that the activating event ('A') does not create the consequence ('C')?
a)
The deduction is that the belief system ('B') is the true cause of the resulting consequence ('C') in the person’s life.
b)
The deduction is that the original activating event ('A') must be the actual cause of the resulting consequence ('C') in the person’s life.
c)
The deduction is that the consequence ('C') must always precede the belief system ('B') in the entire sequential chain of events.
d)
The deduction is that the consequence ('C') is actually the primary cause of the activating event ('A') in the person's overall experience.
e)
The deduction is that the belief system ('B') is completely unrelated to the resulting consequence ('C') in a person’s life.
50.
In the therapeutic setting, what is the primary and specific focus of the work performed by both the client and the therapist?
a)
The therapist and the client concentrate on successfully modifying the belief system, which is represented by the letter B.
b)
The therapist and the client focus on successfully modifying the consequence experienced, which is represented by the letter C.
c)
The therapist and the client concentrate on successfully changing the activating event, which is represented by the letter A.
d)
The therapist and the client focus on modifying the person’s initial emotional reaction, which is not directly represented in the simple ABC model.
e)
The therapist and the client concentrate on improving the client’s physical condition, which is not explicitly represented in the simple ABC model.
51.
According to Ellis's model, how many specific, mandatory actions must a client complete in order to successfully correct and completely heal themselves?
a)
Ellis suggests the individual must complete a total of three different required actions to fully correct all of his or her problems.
b)
Ellis suggests the individual must complete a total of two important stages to fully correct all of his or her own emotional problems.
c)
Ellis suggests the individual must complete a total of four complex assignments to fully correct all of his or her behavioral issues.
d)
Ellis suggests the individual must complete a total of five challenging psychological steps to fully correct all of his or her faulty beliefs.
e)
Ellis suggests the individual must complete a single, highly challenging psychological step to fully correct all of his or her current issues.
52.
What is the first essential step a person must accomplish to correct or cure themselves according to Ellis's therapeutic sequence?
a)
The individual must first comprehend that some of their personal expectations and convictions are indeed untrue and misleading.
b)
The individual must first completely eliminate all the negative and toxic people from their own personal and professional social circle.
c)
The individual must first immediately admit that the original activating event was entirely and completely their own personal fault.
d)
The individual must first attempt to find a highly qualified and professional therapeutic counselor to assist them with their issues.
e)
The individual must first identify all the different childhood factors that were responsible for the creation of their current problems.
53.
What is the second essential step a person must complete on the path to healing and self-correction?
a)
The individual must realize that they are creating their own distress by engaging in false expectations and personal beliefs.
b)
The individual must seek to completely discredit the specific psychological principles that Ellis uses to explain their emotional issue.
c)
The individual must learn to blame only the activating event for the creation of all their emotional and highly stressful personal problems.
d)
The individual must work to change the actual, real-world consequences that follow all their negative and problematic actions.
e)
The individual must acknowledge that only the therapist’s intervention can solve all of their underlying, self-destructive emotional problems.
54.
What is the final necessary step an individual must take in order to break the existing patterns of personal conduct and thought?
a)
The client must concentrate on putting an end to all the former routines of behavior and personal thought and taking chances.
b)
The client must focus on working to change all the negative external consequences that follow their emotional and problematic reactions.
c)
The client must concentrate on finding ways to avoid any and all situations that may cause them to feel uncomfortable or distress.
d)
The client must focus on making a decision to permanently avoid all people who cause them to feel any type of highly negative emotion.
e)
The client must concentrate on blaming only the external activating event for the creation of all their problematic thoughts and negative feelings.
55.
What two essential personal qualities must the individual cultivate in order to successfully achieve the final stage of self-correction?
a)
The person has to develop personal self-control and learn how to accept situations that involve personal risk and vulnerability.
b)
The person has to develop a strong dislike for all the individuals who refuse to fully accommodate his every personal wish and preference.
c)
The person has to develop a deep understanding of his emotional problems and learn how to articulate them clearly to others.
d)
The person has to develop personal wealth and learn how to attract many new romantic partners into his social circle.
e)
The person has to develop a great contempt for his former partner and learn how to grieve the loss of the unhealthy relationship they shared.
56.
Who is the person credited with introducing a distinct form of cognitive therapy that has certain similarities to Ellis’s RET?
a)
A person named Aaron T. Beck developed a different therapeutic approach that shares characteristics with rational-emotive therapy.
b)
A psychologist named Sigmund Freud introduced an alternative therapeutic approach that is similar to rational-emotive therapy.
c)
A therapist known as Carl Rogers developed a different therapeutic approach that shares certain elements with rational-emotive therapy.
d)
A person named B. F. Skinner introduced an alternative therapeutic approach that is similar to rational-emotive therapy.
e)
A psychologist known as Joseph Wolpe developed a different therapeutic approach that shares some characteristics with rational-emotive therapy.
57.
What is the key point of differentiation between Beck’s form of therapy and the rational-emotive therapy developed by Ellis?
a)
The central contrast is the significant attention paid to the client’s irrational and flawed mental processing and personal reasoning.
b)
The primary distinction is the significant focus that is placed on completely understanding the client’s deeply repressed childhood memories.
c)
The main difference is the important attention paid to understanding the client’s overall physical health and biological functioning.
d)
The key difference is the great focus that is placed on fully analyzing the client’s highly symbolic and often confusing dream descriptions.
e)
The central contrast is the significant attention paid to the client's use of proper reinforcement and appropriate behavioral punishment.
58.
Besides employing reasoned argument and logical persuasion, what other important action do Beck’s therapists encourage their patients to engage in?
a)
Therapists also motivate clients to conduct genuine and practical experiments to examine the validity of their personal convictions.
b)
Therapists also motivate clients to spend a great deal of time only focusing on engaging in long periods of quiet contemplation.
c)
Therapists also motivate clients to fully accept all their personal convictions as completely accurate and true descriptions of reality.
d)
Therapists also motivate clients to carefully analyze all the subconscious motivations that drive their confusing and odd behaviors.
e)
Therapists also motivate clients to carefully record all the dreams they have during the night in a journal for the therapist’s later analysis.
59.
For the client who insists, “I never have a good time,” what might the therapist suggest about the statement’s objective reality?
a)
The counselor might point out that the claim is a specific, testable proposition and not a documented and verified certainty.
b)
The counselor might point out that the claim is a factual and accurate certainty and not an unverified and testable proposition.
c)
The counselor might point out that the claim is a lie and that the client is simply attempting to seek attention and personal sympathy.
d)
The counselor might point out that the claim is a clear sign of an untreated deep anxiety that has persisted since the client’s childhood.
e)
The counselor might point out that the claim is the direct result of the client’s total lack of proper social skills and interpersonal acumen.
60.
What specific action might the therapist ask the client to perform in order to examine the validity of the hypothesis of never having a good time?
a)
The counselor might ask the person to re-evaluate the existing data and make note of all the enjoyable experiences in her personal past.
b)
The counselor might ask the person to simply believe the therapist when told that this specific negative hypothesis is entirely untrue.
c)
The counselor might ask the person to immediately change her social circle and to stop talking to all her current personal friends.
d)
The counselor might ask the person to avoid any and all future social situations in which she may not have a good time as a precaution.
e)
The counselor might ask the person to write a long apology letter to anyone that she believes she has harmed in the past year.
61.
What is the primary purpose the therapist aims to achieve by having the client test their deeply held personal beliefs?
a)
The professional’s objective is to show the client that their automatic thoughts may be flawed and that the situation is not that dire.
b)
The professional’s objective is to completely eliminate all of the client’s negative feelings through a system of external punishment.
c)
The professional’s objective is to fully demonstrate that the client is entirely responsible for all the negative events in her own personal life.
d)
The professional’s objective is to show the client that her core identity is completely worthless and must be entirely rebuilt from the ground up.
e)
The professional’s objective is to completely recreate the exact childhood environment where the client’s original problems were formed.
62.
What is the specific population of individuals for whom Beck’s therapeutic methods have been especially successful?
a)
Beck’s work has been proven to be highly effective for people who are experiencing profound emotional sadness and dejection.
b)
Beck’s work has been proven to be highly effective for individuals who are experiencing significant anxiety about social situations.
c)
Beck’s work has been proven to be highly effective for people who are struggling with various phobias of animals or specific objects.
d)
Beck’s work has been proven to be highly effective for individuals who are struggling with severe hallucinations and confused reality.
e)
Beck’s work has been proven to be highly effective for people who are struggling with uncontrollable impulse control issues and behavior.
63.
According to Beck's understanding, what mistake do people experiencing profound sadness tend to make regarding the source of their problems?
a)
They generally assign the fault to themselves rather than to the external circumstances and difficult situations of their lives.
b)
They commonly assign the blame to the actions of the other people in their lives rather than acknowledging their own personal choices.
c)
They generally assign the fault to their specific, long-standing and deeply rooted personality flaws and overall character defects.
d)
They commonly blame the government and all the political leaders of the country rather than accepting their own responsibility for the issues.
e)
They typically assign the blame to their parents for all the negative and emotionally damaging things that occurred in their youth.
64.
What specific focus did Beck also believe people experiencing sadness tended to concentrate on while disregarding the good events?
a)
He believed that individuals experiencing deep sadness tend to focus only on the bad events and fail to notice the successful and good ones.
b)
He believed that individuals experiencing deep sadness tend to focus only on the future and completely fail to learn from all their past successes.
c)
He believed that individuals experiencing deep sadness tend to focus only on their dreams and completely fail to understand the current reality.
d)
He believed that individuals experiencing deep sadness tend to focus only on the past and fail to look forward to any future positive outcomes.
e)
He believed that individuals experiencing deep sadness tend to focus only on other people’s failures and completely ignore all their own personal deficiencies.
65.
What type of predictions concerning their own personal future are people struggling with sadness typically inclined to make?
a)
They are inclined to make very bleak and discouraging forecasts about how things will inevitably turn out for them in the future.
b)
They are inclined to make extremely positive and optimistic predictions about the vast number of opportunities awaiting them.
c)
They are inclined to make very accurate and balanced forecasts about how things are likely to turn out for them in the coming years.
d)
They are inclined to make very confused and vague predictions about how their personal situation is likely to unfold over the next few months.
e)
They are inclined to make predictions that include the involvement of other people who are likely to provide them with great assistance.
66.
What is the final conclusion Beck believed depressed individuals arrive at based on events that are actually insignificant in the grand scheme of things?
a)
He believed they form poor conclusions about their own personal value based on occurrences that hold no real importance.
b)
He believed they form very optimistic conclusions about their future potential based on events that hold no real importance.
c)
He believed they arrive at accurate conclusions about their deep and enduring personality flaws based on daily, important occurrences.
d)
He believed they arrive at accurate conclusions about their overall physical health based on daily, minor physical symptoms.
e)
He believed they form confused conclusions about their religious faith based on events that have no theological importance.
67.
What is the overarching objective that guides the practice of Beck’s specific type of cognitive therapy?
a)
The main objective of Beck's approach is to modify the fundamental way that people reason and process information mentally.
b)
The main objective of Beck's approach is to completely eliminate all of the client's self-destructive behaviors through harsh punishment.
c)
The main objective of Beck's approach is to fully examine the client's early childhood experiences and deeply repressed emotional feelings.
d)
The main objective of Beck's approach is to significantly change the client’s daily activities and entire social surrounding to be more supportive.
e)
The main objective of Beck's approach is to help the client properly identify the single activating event that caused all their emotional problems.
68.
What two specific responsibilities are assigned to the therapist in Beck’s approach to assist the client with their negative thought cycles?
a)
The therapist’s duty is to establish the speed and focus of the session and to help locate negative thought processes.
b)
The therapist’s duty is to tell the client precisely what they must do to immediately solve all their negative emotional issues and problems.
c)
The therapist’s duty is to spend hours deeply analyzing the client’s detailed past experiences and all their symbolic, confusing dreams.
d)
The therapist’s duty is to completely avoid discussing the client’s personal history and only focus on the current social problems and issues.
e)
The therapist’s duty is to make the client realize that they must accept all their problems as completely unchangeable and permanent in nature.
69.
What additional action does the therapist take to assist the client in developing a more balanced assessment of themselves?
a)
Therapists also assist the person in using more fair criteria for measuring their own personal value and self-worth.
b)
Therapists also instruct the person to use a much more strict system for judging all their personal failures and weaknesses.
c)
Therapists also teach the person to use only the highest set of ideals for measuring their own personal value and self-worth.
d)
Therapists also assist the person in using external factors to completely justify all their personal negative actions and regrettable choices.
e)
Therapists also instruct the person to stop all forms of personal self-assessment and to instead focus on the actions of other people.
70.
What specific kind of outside-of-session work might Beck also assign to clients in order to fully determine the accuracy of their core beliefs?
a)
Beck might also require clients to perform take-home assignments to judge the actual merit of all their various deep convictions.
b)
Beck might also require clients to perform long writing assignments that summarize and analyze all of their complicated, negative personal feelings.
c)
Beck might also require clients to fully analyze the negative feelings and problematic behaviors of all the important people in their social circle.
d)
Beck might also require clients to perform intensive research on all the complex scientific and theoretical principles that support the therapy’s effectiveness.
e)
Beck might also require clients to perform daily meditation assignments to calm their emotional feelings and reduce their personal distress.
71.
What is the purpose of having clients participate in specific actions outside of the professional setting as part of their homework assignments?
a)
They may be instructed to engage in specific actions that will act as a true examination of all their underlying personal convictions.
b)
They may be instructed to actively avoid all the situations in which their negative personal beliefs might be severely challenged or upset.
c)
They may be instructed to find new ways to support the original and flawed personal convictions that they currently hold about themselves.
d)
They may be instructed to find new people who completely agree with all the negative and unhelpful convictions that they currently hold.
e)
They may be instructed to take a short vacation to a different country so they can completely forget all of their current personal problems.
72.
What is a specific example of an activity a client who is not very forceful might be asked to complete in a real-life setting?
a)
The person may be asked to cut in line at a local grocery store, interrupt a conversation, or ask someone for a favor.
b)
The person may be asked to avoid any and all public places where there are other people present to minimize any personal discomfort.
c)
The person may be asked to watch a large number of video demonstrations of other people successfully acting with great personal forcefulness.
d)
The person may be asked to only talk to people who are much younger or who are perceived to be much weaker in social situations.
e)
The person may be asked to write down a detailed list of all the different ways that she believes that other people are being unfair to her.
73.
In contrast to cognitive therapy, what is the central area of concentration in the alternative method known as behavior therapy?
a)
The main focus in behavior therapy is on a person’s actions and conduct rather than the person's internal thoughts and complex reasoning.
b)
The main focus in behavior therapy is on a person’s childhood experiences rather than the person's immediate observable actions and conduct.
c)
The main focus in behavior therapy is on a person’s deep emotional responses rather than the person's current external conduct and behaviors.
d)
The main focus in behavior therapy is on a person’s biological structure rather than the person's complex and various social interactions.
e)
The main focus in behavior therapy is on a person’s dream narratives rather than the person's current set of personal beliefs and expectations.
74.
In terms of using time, what does the behavior therapist choose to do instead of investigating the client’s background or detailed dream descriptions?
a)
The therapist focuses on identifying the specific personal problem in the client's existence and taking the necessary steps to change it.
b)
The therapist concentrates on finding all the specific reasons that the client’s personal problem began in their very early childhood development.
c)
The therapist chooses to spend all the available time examining all the important and meaningful relationships that the client has with their friends.
d)
The therapist concentrates on discovering all the biological and genetic factors that are entirely responsible for the client’s current undesirable actions.
e)
The therapist chooses to spend all the available time developing a strong personal relationship with the client to build their total confidence.
75.
What is the one singular objective that represents the central purpose and overall goal of all types of behavior therapy?
a)
The ultimate goal of this form of psychological assistance is to successfully change the observable actions of the client.
b)
The ultimate goal of this form of psychological assistance is to completely eliminate all of the client's irrational and problematic thought patterns.
c)
The ultimate goal of this form of psychological assistance is to fully examine the client's subconscious and highly symbolic dream narratives.
d)
The ultimate goal of this form of psychological assistance is to thoroughly understand the core psychological reasons why the client acts the way they do.
e)
The ultimate goal of this form of psychological assistance is to clearly identify all of the client's past, repressed traumatic memories.
76.
What is the foundational idea of behavior therapy regarding the origin of a troubled individual's problematic actions?
a)
The idea is that a troubled person has acquired an undesirable manner of acting and that any learned action can be unlearned.
b)
The idea is that a troubled person has inherited an undesirable way of acting and that only a small part of it can be successfully unlearned.
c)
The idea is that a troubled person has avoided an undesirable way of acting and that they must be forced to finally learn the correct behavior.
d)
The idea is that a troubled person has forgotten a desirable way of acting and that the desired behavior cannot be successfully taught again.
e)
The idea is that a troubled person has resisted an undesirable way of acting and that this resistance must be completely eliminated by the therapist.
77.
As a result of this foundational idea, what becomes the therapist’s sole responsibility in the process of behavioral change?
a)
The therapist’s duty, consequently, is to assist the client in successfully acquiring new and more effective personal actions.
b)
The therapist’s duty, consequently, is to fully explain to the client why they have learned the current set of undesirable personal actions.
c)
The therapist’s duty, consequently, is to completely determine the exact point in time when the client originally learned their undesirable personal actions.
d)
The therapist’s duty, consequently, is to fully demonstrate to the client how the entire process of learning new actions is physically impossible.
e)
The therapist’s duty, consequently, is to help the client remember all the desirable actions that they previously had learned and successfully performed.
78.
Regarding the client’s problematic actions, what is considered to be of secondary importance, and what is considered to be the most essential aspect?
a)
The underlying causes of the problematic actions are not considered important, but the need to change the actions is crucial.
b)
The underlying causes of the problematic actions are considered the most crucial factor, and the immediate need to change them is secondary.
c)
The client’s emotions regarding their problematic actions are not important, but the need to understand the origin of the actions is crucial.
d)
The underlying causes of the problematic actions are not important, and the need to avoid changing the client’s actions is crucial.
e)
The client’s emotions regarding their problematic actions are the most important factor, and the need to change the actions is secondary.
79.
What is the expected subsequent effect on an individual’s internal reasoning once they have successfully altered their outward personal actions?
a)
By modifying their actions, the person’s internal thought patterns and beliefs are expected to change as well.
b)
By modifying their actions, the person’s internal thought patterns and beliefs are expected to remain completely unaffected and permanent.
c)
By modifying their actions, the person’s internal thought patterns are expected to become much more illogical and confusing to others.
d)
By modifying their actions, the person’s internal thoughts are expected to focus only on blaming others for their personal choices and actions.
e)
By modifying their actions, the person’s internal thoughts are expected to become much more depressed and negative about their overall situation.
80.
What is the client specifically asked to provide a detailed list of at the beginning of the behavioral change process?
a)
The client is requested to list clear instances of desired actions and all the related behavioral objectives to be accomplished.
b)
The client is requested to list clear instances of all the specific people who have caused their problems and all their negative memories.
c)
The client is requested to list clear instances of all the various situations that they must actively avoid and all their negative thoughts.
d)
The client is requested to list clear instances of all the different feelings they have about the situation and all their personal dreams for the future.
e)
The client is requested to list clear instances of all the biological reasons for their current actions and all the required medication to fix them.
81.
Once the client’s desired actions have been established, what is the next necessary step taken in the therapeutic process?
a)
Once the behaviors are selected, an organized plan to successfully accomplish these personal objectives is established and created.
b)
Once the behaviors are selected, the client is immediately required to perform the desired actions without any additional practice or planning.
c)
Once the behaviors are selected, a plan to completely eliminate all of the desired actions is immediately established and created by the therapist.
d)
Once the behaviors are selected, the client is required to write a long story about the psychological reasons for these desired actions and goals.
e)
Once the behaviors are selected, a plan to identify all the people who will oppose the achievement of these goals is immediately established and created.
82.
In order to successfully initiate these changes in the client’s behavior, what specific kinds of techniques does the therapist employ?
a)
The therapist uses therapeutic methods related to conditioning that were first discovered in research laboratories involving animals.
b)
The therapist uses therapeutic methods related to psychodynamic exploration that were first discovered in various psychological clinics involving humans.
c)
The therapist uses therapeutic methods related to humanistic exploration that were first developed in various psychological hospitals involving group discussion.
d)
The therapist uses therapeutic methods related to biological modification that were first discovered in various brain research facilities involving electrical stimulation.
e)
The therapist uses therapeutic methods related to creative visualization that were first developed in various spiritual retreats involving meditation.
83.
What is the name of the initial therapeutic technique that is specifically used by behavior therapists to modify a client’s actions?
a)
A first method utilized by professionals in this field is the procedure known as reciprocal inhibition, or simply counter-conditioning.
b)
A first method utilized by professionals in this field is the procedure known as cognitive restructuring, or simply thought modification.
c)
A first method utilized by professionals in this field is the procedure known as covert sensitization, or simply visual imagery.
d)
A first method utilized by professionals in this field is the procedure known as positive reinforcement, or simply reward systems.
e)
A first method utilized by professionals in this field is the procedure known as systematic analysis, or simply dream interpretation.
84.
How does the process of counterconditioning function to replace an unwanted personal action, such as a strong phobia?
a)
It links the object that triggers the unwanted behavior to a different, more desirable personal action or response.
b)
It attempts to link the specific undesirable behavior to a highly unpleasant feeling in order to encourage the client to completely stop the action.
c)
It attempts to link the specific undesirable behavior to a specific type of punishment in order to encourage the client to feel deep remorse.
d)
It links the object that triggers the unwanted behavior to a specific type of reinforcement in order to encourage the client to repeat the action.
e)
It attempts to link the specific undesirable behavior to a repressed childhood memory in order to encourage the client to understand its true origin.
85.
By pairing a state of being completely calm with situations that typically cause worry, what is the therapist trying to accomplish?
a)
The therapist helps the client decrease the feeling of anxiety by linking personal peacefulness with the situations that produce the fear.
b)
The therapist helps the client increase the feeling of anxiety by linking personal calmness with the situations that produce the fear.
c)
The therapist helps the client understand the feeling of anxiety by linking personal history with the situations that produce the fear.
d)
The therapist helps the client control the feeling of anxiety by linking personal anger with the situations that produce the fear.
e)
The therapist helps the client transfer the feeling of anxiety by linking personal guilt with the situations that produce the fear.
86.
How many distinct and identifiable stages are involved in the overall systematic process of counterconditioning?
a)
The process of counterconditioning is an organized progression that involves a total of three clearly defined and individual steps.
b)
The process of counterconditioning is an organized progression that involves a total of two clearly defined and individual steps.
c)
The process of counterconditioning is an organized progression that involves a total of four clearly defined and individual steps.
d)
The process of counterconditioning is an organized progression that involves a total of five clearly defined and individual steps.
e)
The process of counterconditioning is a single, continuous, and highly complex process that has no clearly defined individual steps.
87.
What is the specific principle that explains why it is possible to successfully teach a person that a scary situation does not need to cause fear?
a)
Because an individual cannot successfully maintain the feelings of calmness and fear at the exact same moment in time.
b)
Because an individual can easily maintain the feelings of calmness and fear at the exact same moment in time.
c)
Because an individual is able to use their strong personal willpower to completely eliminate all of their feelings of intense fear.
d)
Because an individual is able to use their long history of repression to force down all the emotional feelings of fear and anxiety.
e)
Because an individual is able to easily transfer the feeling of fear onto a different object that is less threatening or frightening.
88.
In the process of using the hierarchy of fears, when is the person allowed to advance to the next level of anxiety?
a)
The person advances to the next step after they have successfully finished the preceding, less frightening emotional stage.
b)
The person advances to the next step before they have successfully finished the preceding, less frightening emotional stage.
c)
The person can advance to the next step whenever they feel ready, regardless of their success in the previous emotional stage.
d)
The person can advance to the next step only when the therapist decides they are ready, regardless of the person’s own success.
e)
The person only advances to the next step after they have been shown how to be completely unaffected by the final, most frightening stage.
89.
What is the term for the counterconditioning method used to conquer the learned, illogical anxieties and fears of a patient?
a)
The method is called systematic desensitization, and it is used to overcome acquired, unreasonable worries and fears.
b)
The method is called aversive conditioning, and it is used to overcome acquired, illogical worries and fears.
c)
The method is called contingency management, and it is used to overcome acquired, unreasonable worries and fears.
d)
The method is called rational-emotive therapy, and it is used to overcome acquired, illogical worries and fears.
e)
The method is called Beck's cognitive therapy, and it is used to overcome acquired, unreasonable worries and fears.
90.
What is the central goal of systematic desensitization with respect to the client’s fearful reaction to a situation?
a)
The main objective is to motivate people to picture the terrifying circumstance while feeling calm, which will end the fearful response.
b)
The main objective is to motivate people to experience the terrifying circumstance in real life while feeling calm, which will end the fearful response.
c)
The main objective is to motivate people to write about the terrifying circumstance while feeling fear, which will help maintain the fearful response.
d)
The main objective is to motivate people to talk about the terrifying circumstance while feeling calm, which will increase the fearful response.
e)
The main objective is to motivate people to avoid the terrifying circumstance while feeling calm, which will prevent the fearful response.
91.
What common fear scenario is provided as an example of an intense anxiety that makes a student unable to perform a required task?
a)
The example involves a student who is paralyzed by fear when having to speak in front of a large group of other people.
b)
The example involves a student who is paralyzed by fear when having to take an extremely difficult examination in front of other people.
c)
The example involves a student who is paralyzed by fear when having to confront a hostile professor during their normal office consultation time.
d)
The example involves a student who is paralyzed by fear when having to present their artistic creation to a group of professional art critics.
e)
The example involves a student who is paralyzed by fear when having to speak to a single person who is a complete stranger to them.
92.
The passage asks a rhetorical question about the student's stage fright. What is the fundamental nature of that question?
a)
The question is asking how systematic desensitization can successfully modify the student's problematic public speaking conduct.
b)
The question is asking why the student developed a fear of public speaking in the first place and what caused the deep anxiety.
c)
The question is asking whether systematic desensitization is the only type of therapy that can successfully treat the stage fright.
d)
The question is asking who is the most qualified professional to successfully implement systematic desensitization for the student.
e)
The question is asking when is the best moment to begin the process of systematic desensitization to maximize the overall outcome for the student.
93.
What might the therapist initially have the student client do regarding all the elements of interpersonal communication that cause distress?
a)
The therapist might have the student prepare a list of all the aspects of talking to others that are highly frightening to them personally.
b)
The therapist might have the student prepare a speech that is focused on all the different reasons that they are feeling so much personal fear.
c)
The therapist might have the student prepare a long journal entry that details the exact moment in their life when the stage fright first began.
d)
The therapist might have the student prepare a short presentation that details all the different methods they currently use to avoid public speaking.
e)
The therapist might have the student prepare a drawing that attempts to symbolically represent the intensity of all their current fears.
94.
Considering the student's fear of public speaking, which specific part of the scenario is cited as the least frightening aspect of communicating?
a)
The least frightening aspect of communicating is mentioned as the action of speaking directly to a single other person who is near them.
b)
The least frightening aspect of communicating is cited as the action of imagining a very small group of people sitting in a large auditorium.
c)
The least frightening aspect of communicating is mentioned as the action of standing quietly in front of a completely empty room or space.
d)
The least frightening aspect of communicating is cited as the action of writing down the specific words that they want to say to a group of people.
e)
The least frightening aspect of communicating is mentioned as the action of speaking in a very loud whisper to a small group of people who are far away.
95.
What specific action does the client perform with the compiled list of personal worries and fears regarding public speaking?
a)
The client systematically orders the fears, beginning with the most terrifying and proceeding all the way to the least terrifying one.
b)
The client systematically orders the fears, beginning with the least terrifying and proceeding all the way to the most terrifying one.
c)
The client completely destroys the list of fears to show a final commitment to ending the anxiety through sheer willpower and force.
d)
The client gives the completed list of fears to the therapist and demands that the therapist begin working on the fears in a random order.
e)
The client shares the completed list of fears with all their close friends and family members to increase their own personal accountability.
96.
What is the specific next step the therapist initiates once the client has successfully compiled and ranked their entire list of fears?
a)
The therapist starts the process of teaching the client how to achieve a deep and sustained muscle relaxation technique.
b)
The therapist starts the process of requiring the client to immediately confront the most frightening situation at the very top of their list.
c)
The therapist starts the process of instructing the client on how to use logical persuasion to change all their negative and distorted thoughts.
d)
The therapist starts the process of teaching the client how to write a detailed journal that focuses on all the different times they felt anxious.
e)
The therapist starts the process of demonstrating how to use different physical punishment techniques to reduce their overall feelings of fear.
97.
What is the consequence of the client achieving a full and comprehensive ability to completely calm themselves?
a)
Once the person knows how to achieve complete calmness, they are fully prepared to advance to the next step of the therapeutic process.
b)
Once the person knows how to achieve complete calmness, they are fully required to permanently end all their professional therapeutic sessions.
c)
Once the person knows how to achieve complete calmness, they are fully compelled to find a new therapist who focuses on emotional control.
d)
Once the person knows how to achieve complete calmness, they are fully obligated to tell the therapist the exact location of the start of the problem.
e)
Once the person knows how to achieve complete calmness, they are fully authorized to change the order of the remaining items on the list of fears.
98.
What action does the client subsequently attempt to perform, focusing on the easiest anxiety-provoking item on their list?
a)
The client attempts to imagine in the most detailed way possible the least disturbing scene that is currently included on their written list of fears.
b)
The client attempts to avoid any thought of the least disturbing scene that is currently included on their written list of fears.
c)
The client attempts to immediately confront in real life the least disturbing scene that is currently included on their written list of fears.
d)
The client attempts to change the actual circumstances of the least disturbing scene that is currently included on their written list of fears.
e)
The client attempts to write a long and detailed report about the least disturbing scene that is currently included on their written list of fears.
99.
What is the expected emotional result for the client when they think about the least anxiety-producing scene, such as talking to one stranger?
a)
Thinking about the least disturbing scene has the potential to cause the client to experience a small amount of nervousness or mild discomfort.
b)
Thinking about the least disturbing scene has the potential to cause the client to experience an extreme amount of intense fear and deep anxiety.
c)
Thinking about the least disturbing scene has the potential to cause the client to experience a sense of great relief and complete personal calm.
d)
Thinking about the least disturbing scene has the potential to cause the client to experience an overwhelming feeling of profound anger and resentment.
e)
Thinking about the least disturbing scene has the potential to cause the client to experience a confusing sense of personal boredom and complete detachment.
100.
Because the therapist has taught the client a relaxation technique, what successful outcome is the person able to achieve regarding their worrisome thoughts?
a)
The person succeeds in contemplating the experience without feeling worried or nervous.
b)
The person succeeds in contemplating the experience while feeling a high degree of worrying and personal nervousness.
c)
The person succeeds in avoiding any contemplation of the experience entirely, thus preventing all the worrying and nervousness.
d)
The person succeeds in arguing with the therapist that the worrisome thought is a completely accurate reflection of reality.
e)
The person succeeds in transferring the feeling of worrying and nervousness onto a different, unrelated object.
101.
What is the fundamental, underlying logical premise that supports the entire process of systematic desensitization?
a)
The underlying premise is that a person cannot simultaneously experience the emotional state of fear and the state of relaxation.
b)
The underlying premise is that a person can simultaneously experience the emotional state of fear and the state of relaxation.
c)
The underlying premise is that a person can completely eliminate all of their fear by using only their own strong personal willpower.
d)
The underlying premise is that a person can completely control all of their emotional feelings by using specific medication and prescription drugs.
e)
The underlying premise is that a person cannot successfully learn a new behavior unless they have first experienced a significant emotional trauma.
102.
Through the application of counter-conditioning, what is the therapist's deliberate intention regarding the client’s emotional experience of anxiety?
a)
The therapist attempts to substitute the feeling of fear with its opposite, which is a state of calmness and quiet relaxation.
b)
The therapist attempts to substitute the feeling of fear with its opposite, which is a feeling of intense anger and extreme emotional resentment.
c)
The therapist attempts to substitute the feeling of fear with a different type of fear that is less intense and less overwhelming to the person.
d)
The therapist attempts to substitute the feeling of fear with a state of complete confusion and total disorientation regarding the circumstances.
e)
The therapist attempts to substitute the feeling of fear with a new feeling of profound sadness and deep emotional depression.
103.
How do the client and the therapist move forward through the established collection of events that produce intense anxiety?
a)
The patient and the counselor move through the written list of fear-inducing situations in a slow and sequential, step-by-step fashion.
b)
The patient and the counselor move through the written list of fear-inducing situations in a random and completely unpredictable order.
c)
The patient and the counselor move through the written list of fear-inducing situations by only addressing the most frightening items first.
d)
The patient and the counselor move through the written list of fear-inducing situations by only addressing the least frightening items first.
e)
The patient and the counselor move through the written list of fear-inducing situations by only addressing the items selected by the client.
104.
At what stage of the process does the client demonstrate the ability to mentally process the most terrifying scenarios without experiencing distress?
a)
The person reaches a final stage where he is able to picture the most threatening situations without feelings of personal worry.
b)
The person reaches a first stage where he is able to picture the most threatening situations with extreme feelings of personal worry.
c)
The person reaches an intermediate stage where he is able to picture the most threatening situations only if he is completely alone and quiet.
d)
The person reaches a final stage where he is able to picture the most threatening situations only if he is taking medication to reduce his personal worry.
e)
The person reaches a final stage where he is able to picture the most threatening situations only if he is actively avoiding the entire concept of the worry.
105.
What is the next significant phase of the process that the therapist introduces after the client can imagine the scenarios without anxiety?
a)
The therapist starts to present the client to actual circumstances in life that have historically been personally alarming to him.
b)
The therapist starts to present the client to imagined circumstances in life that have historically been personally alarming to him.
c)
The therapist starts to present the client to easy, non-alarming circumstances in life that have historically been personally calm for him.
d)
The therapist starts to present the client to complex, confusing circumstances in life that have historically been personally alarming to him.
e)
The therapist starts to present the client to artificial, fabricated circumstances in life that have historically been personally alarming to him.
106.
What specific, successful behavioral outcome is eventually achieved by the student who was initially paralyzed by the fear of public speaking?
a)
Therapy finally reaches a stage where the student is able to deliver a spontaneous speech in front of an entire and full concert hall.
b)
Therapy finally reaches a stage where the student is able to deliver a planned speech only to a single, supportive, and kind family member.
c)
Therapy finally reaches a stage where the student is able to deliver a written report only to the therapist during the final office session.
d)
Therapy finally reaches a stage where the student is able to deliver a spontaneous speech only while taking a high dose of anti-anxiety medication.
e)
Therapy finally reaches a stage where the student is able to deliver a prepared speech in front of a small group of people who are also afraid of public speaking.
107.
What specific type of psychological treatment is described as exposing the client to a feared object or specific situation?
a)
The specific treatment method that involves exposing the patient to a feared object is referred to by the term implosion, or flooding.
b)
The specific treatment method that involves exposing the patient to a feared object is referred to by the term systematic desensitization.
c)
The specific treatment method that involves exposing the patient to a feared object is referred to by the term aversive conditioning.
d)
The specific treatment method that involves exposing the patient to a feared object is referred to by the term rational-emotive therapy.
e)
The specific treatment method that involves exposing the patient to a feared object is referred to by the term operant conditioning.
108.
What is the single-phrase example provided to illustrate a deep and intense fear that might be treated with this method?
a)
The example provided is an intense and all-consuming fear of snakes and their unique physical characteristics.
b)
The example provided is an intense and all-consuming fear of heights and the sudden lack of physical security in space.
c)
The example provided is an intense and all-consuming fear of spiders and all the other different varieties of small insects.
d)
The example provided is an intense and all-consuming fear of closed spaces and the feeling of sudden and profound personal claustrophobia.
e)
The example provided is an intense and all-consuming fear of flying in an airplane and the potential for a sudden mechanical failure.
109.
What are two specific actions a therapist might have a client do to confront their extreme fear of snakes?
a)
The therapist might have the client picture a room full of snakes or have the person physically hold one of the animals.
b)
The therapist might have the client write a long story about the last time they saw a snake or draw a picture of one of the animals.
c)
The therapist might have the client read a complex book about the biological makeup of snakes or watch a nature documentary about them.
d)
The therapist might have the client touch a rubber toy snake or watch a short video of a person who is not afraid of the animals.
e)
The therapist might have the client imagine a room full of flowers or have the person physically hold an object they find comforting and enjoyable.
110.
What immediate, natural, and physical reaction is expected from the client when first exposed to the frightening situation?
a)
This initial exposure is expected to cause the client’s pulse and overall cardiac rate to rapidly increase to a much higher level.
b)
This initial exposure is expected to cause the client’s pulse and overall cardiac rate to rapidly decrease to a much lower level.
c)
This initial exposure is expected to cause the client’s breathing to rapidly slow down and to become very shallow in overall depth.
d)
This initial exposure is expected to cause the client’s body temperature to rapidly decrease to a much lower level.
e)
This initial exposure is expected to cause the client’s muscles to immediately relax and their personal anxiety to completely disappear.
111.
In the process of flooding, why is the sudden increase in a physical reaction, like heart rate, not considered a permanent or sustainable state?
a)
The physical reaction cannot continue at the elevated pace indefinitely and will inevitably return to its normal rate over a short time.
b)
The physical reaction can continue at the elevated pace indefinitely and will only return to its normal rate after a very long period of time.
c)
The physical reaction is always completely controlled by the client's own personal willpower and specific thoughts, not by the external situation.
d)
The physical reaction will always increase to a dangerous level and must be immediately stopped by the therapist through the use of an injection of medication.
e)
The physical reaction will only decrease to a normal level once the client is given a very specific and helpful set of verbal instructions by the therapist.
112.
Once the person's physical reaction has subsided and returned to a normal level, what is the crucial realization they arrive at?
a)
The individual understands that they have successfully endured this experience and have properly confronted the object of their personal fear.
b)
The individual understands that they must immediately escape this experience to prevent the possibility of a permanent physical injury.
c)
The individual understands that they must completely avoid all the situations in which they may ever encounter the object of their personal fear.
d)
The individual understands that they must immediately find a much more effective and faster therapeutic technique to solve their current problem.
e)
The individual understands that they must immediately blame the therapist for putting them in such an emotionally difficult and highly terrifying situation.
113.
What is the final consequence of the client successfully enduring the exposure to the terrifying situation in the flooding technique?
a)
The client has effectively begun the process of overcoming their specific and long-standing personal fear.
b)
The client has effectively begun the process of increasing their specific and long-standing personal fear.
c)
The client has effectively begun the process of transferring their specific and long-standing personal fear onto a different and less frightening object.
d)
The client has effectively begun the process of forgetting why they originally had the specific and long-standing personal fear.
e)
The client has effectively begun the process of creating a brand new and much more intense personal fear than the previous one.
114.
What is another technique that behavior therapists utilize to instruct a client on how to perform a specific action?
a)
They also employ the process of imitation, which is teaching an action by having the client observe another individual performing it successfully.
b)
They also employ the process of systematic desensitization, which is teaching an action by having the client imagine another individual performing it successfully.
c)
They also employ the process of rational-emotive therapy, which is teaching an action by having the client listen to another individual describe their logical reasoning.
d)
They also employ the process of aversive conditioning, which is teaching an action by having the client watch another individual receive punishment for a specific action.
e)
They also employ the process of psychodynamic analysis, which is teaching an action by having the client examine the childhood of another individual who performs it successfully.
115.
What is a specific example provided of a therapist using the technique of modeling to teach a client a new type of conduct?
a)
To instruct on being forceful, a therapist might demonstrate various ways to act with personal assertiveness.
b)
To instruct on being forceful, a therapist might assign a client to write a long and detailed report about various ways to act with assertiveness.
c)
To instruct on being forceful, a therapist might punish a client whenever they fail to act with complete personal assertiveness.
d)
To instruct on being forceful, a therapist might reward a client whenever they act with complete personal passivity and quietness.
e)
To instruct on being forceful, a therapist might ask a client to simply imagine various ways to act with personal assertiveness.
116.
After watching the therapist demonstrate the new action, what is the client expected to do with the observed behavior?
a)
The client watches the demonstration and then makes an attempt to replicate the specific, new personal action shown to them.
b)
The client watches the demonstration and then completely rejects the specific, new personal action shown to them.
c)
The client watches the demonstration and then is asked to write an extensive and detailed analysis of the specific, new personal action shown to them.
d)
The client watches the demonstration and then makes an attempt to forget the specific, new personal action shown to them.
e)
The client watches the demonstration and then is asked to argua with the therapist that the specific, new personal action is entirely unnecessary.
117.
What is the main objective and central purpose behind the therapeutic technique known as aversive conditioning?
a)
The purpose is to make specific actions disagreeable for the client so that they will actively avoid engaging in them in the future.
b)
The purpose is to make specific actions agreeable for the client so that they will actively engage in them more often in the future.
c)
The purpose is to make specific actions completely unimportant for the client so that they will not pay any attention to them in the future.
d)
The purpose is to make specific actions seem highly desirable for the client so that they will actively seek out more opportunities to perform them.
e)
The purpose is to make specific actions seem completely necessary for the client so that they will feel compelled to perform them constantly.
118.
What is the specific example provided of a client population that can be treated with medication to induce sickness for aversive conditioning?
a)
A common example is giving heavy drinkers a medication that will make them become ill when they consume any type of alcoholic beverage.
b)
A common example is giving heavy smokers a medication that will make them feel hungry when they consume any type of tobacco product.
c)
A common example is giving people with phobias a medication that will make them feel calm when they are exposed to the object of their fear.
d)
A common example is giving people with depression a medication that will make them feel sad when they think about a negative personal event.
e)
A common example is giving people with anxiety a medication that will make them feel sleepy when they are exposed to a stressful situation.
119.
What is the main cognitive process involved in the technique of aversive conditioning that leads to a reduction in alcohol consumption?
a)
The relearning process is trying to connect the unpleasant feeling with the consumption of alcohol to lessen its desire and overall use.
b)
The relearning process is attempting to disconnect the unpleasant feeling from the consumption of alcohol to lessen its desire and overall use.
c)
The relearning process is attempting to associate a positive feeling with the consumption of alcohol to increase its desire and overall use.
d)
The relearning process is trying to connect a neutral feeling with the consumption of alcohol to make it completely unimportant and unnoticeable.
e)
The relearning process is attempting to associate a confused feeling with the consumption of alcohol to make it seem completely illogical and irrational.
120.
What is the reported percentage of patients who experience an improvement using this specific conditioning method, and how long does the effect typically last?
a)
The rate of positive change is around fifty percent, and the therapeutic result usually lasts for approximately half a year.
b)
The rate of positive change is around thirty percent, and the therapeutic result usually lasts for approximately one entire year.
c)
The rate of positive change is around seventy percent, and the therapeutic result usually lasts for approximately one month.
d)
The rate of positive change is around ninety percent, and the therapeutic result usually lasts for approximately two entire years.
e)
The rate of positive change is around ten percent, and the therapeutic result usually lasts for approximately three entire months.
121.
What conclusion is offered about the effectiveness of the aversive conditioning method for treating individuals who struggle with alcohol dependence?
a)
It is seen as a decent starting point for many people but not necessarily a complete and total long-term cure for the issue.
b)
It is seen as a complete and total long-term cure for all people and not necessarily a decent starting point for treatment.
c)
It is seen as an extremely dangerous method that should never be attempted and always ends in complete failure for all people.
d)
It is seen as a highly complex method that must always be paired with extensive psychological counseling to be effective for anyone.
e)
It is seen as a unique method that is only effective for people who are struggling with a severe and long-standing phobia of something.
122.
What is the fundamental assumption that operant conditioning is based upon regarding the repetition and elimination of personal behaviors?
a)
The assumption is that actions that are rewarded are generally repeated, and actions that are not rewarded are generally eliminated.
b)
The assumption is that actions that are punished are generally repeated, and actions that are not punished are generally eliminated.
c)
The assumption is that actions that are rewarded are generally eliminated, and actions that are not rewarded are generally repeated.
d)
The assumption is that actions that are punished are generally eliminated, and actions that are not punished are generally repeated.
e)
The assumption is that actions are unrelated to whether they are rewarded or not rewarded and are repeated randomly by the person.
123.
In the therapeutic technique of contingency management, what two specific actions do the therapist and client determine together?
a)
They determine which old, unwanted action must be removed and what new, desired action must be introduced and begin to appear.
b)
They determine which old, unwanted action must be ignored and what new, desired action must be fully explored in long, detailed discussions.
c)
They determine which old, unwanted action must be rewarded and what new, desired action must be punished with negative consequences.
d)
They determine which old, unwanted action must be analyzed by the therapist and what new, desired action must be immediately forgotten.
e)
They determine which old, unwanted action must be avoided and what new, desired action must be completely repressed by the client's subconscious mind.
124.
After the desired and undesired actions are identified, what specific arrangements are established in the contingency management plan?
a)
Arrangements are made for the old action to receive no positive outcome and for the new action to receive a positive incentive.
b)
Arrangements are made for the old action to receive a positive outcome and for the new action to receive no positive incentive.
c)
Arrangements are made for the old action to receive a positive outcome and for the new action to receive a negative punishment.
d)
Arrangements are made for the old action to receive a negative punishment and for the new action to receive a negative punishment.
e)
Arrangements are made for the old action to be completely ignored and for the new action to be fully avoided by all parties involved.
125.
In its most basic form, the therapeutic agreement in contingency management is expressed by what simple conditional statement?
a)
The simplest agreement is stated as: “If you perform this action ('X'), I will provide this reward ('Y') for your efforts.”
b)
The simplest agreement is stated as: “If you perform this action ('X'), I will withhold this reward ('Y') for your efforts.”
c)
The simplest agreement is stated as: “If you avoid this action ('X'), I will provide this reward ('Y') for your efforts.”
d)
The simplest agreement is stated as: “If you perform this action ('X'), I will provide a punishment ('Y') for your efforts.”
e)
The simplest agreement is stated as: “If you avoid this action ('X'), I will provide a punishment ('Y') for your efforts.”
126.
This form of therapeutic agreement is compared to what other familiar systems of incentives and positive consequences?
a)
This agreement is analogous to various incentive systems that people use on themselves or that parents use when raising their young children.
b)
This agreement is analogous to various control systems that are used by governments or that religious leaders use on their followers.
c)
This agreement is analogous to various negotiation systems that are used by professional attorneys or that union leaders use during bargaining.
d)
This agreement is analogous to various control systems that are used by employers or that military generals use when training their soldiers for war.
e)
This agreement is analogous to various social systems that are used by universities or that scientific researchers use in their daily laboratory experiments.
127.
What is the specific example provided of a student creating a self-imposed incentive program for successfully completing an academic task?
a)
A student might think, “If I receive a high grade on the test, I will buy myself a brand new music disc as a special prize.”
b)
A student might think, “If I receive a low grade on the test, I will prevent myself from buying a new music disc as a negative consequence.”
c)
A student might think, “If I receive a high grade on the test, I will give all my allowance away to charity as a form of personal sacrifice.”
d)
A student might think, “If I receive a low grade on the test, I will ask my professor for additional, harder assignments as a form of self-punishment.”
e)
A student might think, “If I receive a high grade on the test, I will immediately call my parents and demand that they buy me a new car.”
128.
What specific term is used to describe the relationship between getting a good grade on an exam and earning the self-imposed reward?
a)
The reward is described as being dependent upon, or contingent upon, achieving the successful academic accomplishment.
b)
The reward is described as being unrelated to, or independent of, achieving the successful academic accomplishment.
c)
The reward is described as being a prerequisite for, or required before, even taking the actual academic examination.
d)
The reward is described as being detrimental to, or negative for, achieving the successful academic accomplishment.
e)
The reward is described as being an antecedent of, or required before, the actual academic examination can be successfully written.
129.
What are four specific types of institutions or settings mentioned where the contingency management technique is commonly employed?
a)
This technique is commonly used in detention facilities, mental care centers, educational settings, and military installations.
b)
This technique is commonly used in private homes, local churches, gymnasiums, and public transportation systems.
c)
This technique is commonly used in political offices, courtrooms, financial institutions, and large retail establishments.
d)
This technique is commonly used in movie theaters, music concert halls, public parks, and small family-owned businesses.
e)
This technique is commonly used in car repair shops, doctor's offices, dental clinics, and veterinary hospitals.
130.
In these large institutional settings, what is the name for the complete, specialized systems of positive consequences that can be established?
a)
In these settings, it is possible to create complete small-scale systems of rewards, known as symbolic exchange centers, or token economies.
b)
In these settings, it is possible to create complete small-scale systems of punishments, known as negative deterrent systems.
c)
In these settings, it is possible to create complete small-scale systems of behavioral analysis, known as self-report observation centers.
d)
In these settings, it is possible to create complete small-scale systems of forced compliance, known as authoritarian control networks.
e)
In these settings, it is possible to create complete small-scale systems of emotional support, known as peer counseling groups.
131.
What is the specific role of mental health professionals in some hospital settings with respect to the behavior of the patients?
a)
Psychologists in some hospital environments specifically choose the type of conduct that they deem to be appropriate and desirable.
b)
Psychologists in some hospital environments specifically force the type of conduct that they deem to be appropriate and desirable.
c)
Psychologists in some hospital environments specifically avoid the type of conduct that they deem to be appropriate and desirable.
d)
Psychologists in some hospital environments specifically allow the type of conduct that they deem to be inappropriate and undesirable.
e)
Psychologists in some hospital environments specifically demand the type of conduct that they deem to be inappropriate and undesirable.
132.
What do the patients receive as a positive consequence after they have successfully performed one of the specified desired actions?
a)
The patients are then given a form of credit or small plastic chips as a positive consequence for demonstrating the appropriate behaviors.
b)
The patients are then given an opportunity to attend a long educational lecture as a positive consequence for demonstrating the appropriate behaviors.
c)
The patients are then given a form of physical punishment as a negative consequence for demonstrating the appropriate behaviors.
d)
The patients are then given a new written assignment or a long report to write as a positive consequence for demonstrating the appropriate behaviors.
e)
The patients are then given an opportunity to verbally criticize the behaviors of all the other people in the institution.
133.
What is an example of a desired action that a patient could perform to receive the positive consequence of token money in the hospital?
a)
If a patient cleans their sleeping quarters or performs gardening work, they are given a small unit of money as a positive consequence.
b)
If a patient makes a public complaint or refuses to cooperate, they are given a small unit of money as a positive consequence.
c)
If a patient receives a visit from a close family member or receives a gift, they are given a small unit of money as a positive consequence.
d)
If a patient sleeps for a long time or avoids all social interaction, they are given a small unit of money as a positive consequence.
e)
If a patient reads a long book or watches a new movie, they are given a small unit of money as a positive consequence.
134.
What are patients able to do with the symbolic money they have received for their positive and desirable behaviors?
a)
The patients have the option to exchange their tokens for small items like candy or cigarettes or for special privileges like time off the floor.
b)
The patients have the option to deposit their tokens in a special savings account that will allow them to accumulate personal wealth for the future.
c)
The patients have the option to exchange their tokens for an opportunity to write a long letter of complaint to the hospital administrator about their treatment.
d)
The patients have the option to use their tokens to buy special educational books or to pay for attendance at various educational lectures that the hospital offers.
e)
The patients have the option to use their tokens to purchase tickets for various local social events that are taking place outside of the hospital setting.
135.
What is the overall conclusion regarding the effectiveness of these token economy methods in helping hospitalized patients?
a)
These methods are considered successful in assisting patients to start living a more engaged and active daily existence.
b)
These methods are considered unsuccessful in assisting patients to start living a more engaged and active daily existence.
c)
These methods are considered successful in assisting patients to remain quiet and isolated in their personal rooms.
d)
These methods are considered unsuccessful in assisting patients to become more dependent on the hospital staff for their daily care.
e)
These methods are considered successful in assisting patients to become more confused and less able to handle their daily responsibilities.
136.
What is the key long-term outcome for the patients in terms of self-sufficiency and accepting personal obligations?
a)
They learn to manage their personal needs and to accept responsibility instead of constantly requiring the care of other people.
b)
They learn to rely heavily on the hospital staff to manage their personal needs and to avoid accepting any type of personal obligation.
c)
They learn to quickly transfer all their personal needs to other people and to quickly reject all types of personal obligation in the future.
d)
They learn to completely forget all their personal needs and to quickly blame the hospital staff for all of their personal failures and weaknesses.
e)
They learn to document all their personal needs and to write long reports detailing why they cannot accept any type of personal obligation.
137.
What do many professionals in the field of therapy choose to do when utilizing different psychological approaches in their practice?
a)
Many professionals opt to combine elements and principles from both the cognitive and behavioral schools of therapeutic treatment.
b)
Many professionals opt to avoid any and all combination of therapeutic approaches and choose to only use the psychodynamic perspective.
c)
Many professionals opt to combine elements and principles from both the humanistic and biological schools of therapeutic treatment.
d)
Many professionals opt to avoid any and all combination of therapeutic approaches and choose to only use the behavioral perspective.
e)
Many professionals opt to combine elements and principles from both the psychodynamic and humanistic schools of therapeutic treatment.
138.
What is the central focus of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), especially concerning the patient’s interpretation of their personal situation?
a)
CBT concentrates on setting action goals and, unlike other action-based therapies, stresses modifying the patient’s understanding of their circumstances.
b)
CBT concentrates on setting thought goals and, unlike other thought-based therapies, stresses modifying the patient’s biological structure.
c)
CBT concentrates on setting childhood goals and, unlike other past-based therapies, stresses modifying the patient’s financial situation.
d)
CBT concentrates on setting emotional goals and, unlike other feeling-based therapies, stresses modifying the patient’s social relationships.
e)
CBT concentrates on setting dream goals and, unlike other dream-based therapies, stresses modifying the patient’s unconscious urges.
139.
What specific kind of differentiation does this particular type of combined therapy seek to help clients establish in their daily lives?
a)
This therapy attempts to help people distinguish between genuine, significant issues and concerns that are fabricated or misconstrued.
b)
This therapy attempts to help people distinguish between genuine, significant issues and concerns that are physically painful or uncomfortable.
c)
This therapy attempts to help people distinguish between genuine, significant issues and concerns that are financial in nature or involve money.
d)
This therapy attempts to help people distinguish between genuine, significant issues and concerns that are caused by other people’s specific actions.
e)
This therapy attempts to help people distinguish between genuine, significant issues and concerns that are primarily biological or genetic in origin.
140.
What are four specific actions a cognitive-behavior therapist might utilize to help a client change their problematic actions?
a)
A CBT professional might observe actions and thought patterns, establish objectives, support positive changes, and substitute positive for negative thoughts.
b)
A CBT professional might analyze dreams and childhood memories, establish consequences, support negative feelings, and suppress all negative actions.
c)
A CBT professional might focus on the past and past relationships, establish rigid rules, support negative self-talk, and transfer negative feelings to others.
d)
A CBT professional might ignore actions and thought patterns, establish vague objectives, support all changes, and amplify negative thoughts with more negative thoughts.
e)
A CBT professional might study biology and brain chemistry, establish medication schedules, support physical activity, and change only the client's external environment.
141.
What kind of self-improvement programs frequently implement the approach and various techniques of cognitive-behavior therapy?
a)
Many personal growth and self-help programs utilize this specific type of comprehensive therapeutic approach in their daily operations.
b)
Many academic and scholarly programs utilize this specific type of comprehensive therapeutic approach in their daily operations.
c)
Many religious and spiritual programs utilize this specific type of comprehensive therapeutic approach in their daily operations.
d)
Many financial and economic programs utilize this specific type of comprehensive therapeutic approach in their daily operations.
e)
Many political and advocacy programs utilize this specific type of comprehensive therapeutic approach in their daily operations.
142.
What is the provided example of a personal development program that could employ these combined therapeutic techniques?
a)
One could initiate a personal development program to cultivate a positive self-perception by using these techniques and strategies.
b)
One could initiate a personal development program to cultivate a strong dislike for all the people who have caused personal harm by using these techniques.
c)
One could initiate a personal development program to cultivate a complete avoidance of all other people in social situations by using these techniques.
d)
One could initiate a personal development program to cultivate a deep understanding of all the negative and problematic childhood events by using these techniques.
e)
One could initiate a personal development program to cultivate a highly critical view of all external circumstances and events by using these techniques.
143.
What is the final conclusion regarding the prevalence and effectiveness of cognitive-behavior therapies (CBT) in the professional field?
a)
CBT is becoming increasingly more common and has demonstrated its ability to treat a wide array of personal issues and emotional difficulties.
b)
CBT is becoming increasingly more uncommon and has demonstrated its complete inability to treat a wide array of personal issues and emotional difficulties.
c)
CBT is becoming increasingly more common but has demonstrated its complete inability to treat a wide array of personal issues and emotional difficulties.
d)
CBT is becoming increasingly more common and has demonstrated its ability to treat only a very small and specific array of personal issues and emotional difficulties.
e)
CBT is becoming increasingly more uncommon but has demonstrated its ability to treat a wide array of personal issues and emotional difficulties.
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