WorksheetsU.S. History Midterm
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 50mins
What is Manifest Destiny?
Americans were destined—and indeed divinely ordained—to expand democratic institutions throughout the continent.
It was a treaty signed between the US and Britain to end the War of 1812.
Manifest Destiny refers to the economic policy of the United States in the 20th century.
It was a movement to abolish slavery in the southern states.
How does O'Sullivan's assertion that America is 'destined for better deeds' reflect the principles of Manifest Destiny?
O'Sullivan's notion of America being 'destined for better deeds' aligns with the principles of Manifest Destiny, which held that the U.S. was divinely ordained to expand across the continent.
O'Sullivan believed that America should remain isolated and avoid territorial expansion, which contradicts Manifest Destiny.
O'Sullivan's statement suggests that America should focus solely on internal improvements rather than expansion.
O'Sullivan argued that Manifest Destiny was a temporary idea that would soon be abandoned.
How does this belief influence the American perception of their role in expanding westward and engaging with other nations?
This belief fueled a sense of mission and moral superiority, leading Americans to justify westward expansion as a means of spreading democracy and civilization, while also influencing their interactions with indigenous peoples and foreign nations during this period.
It led Americans to avoid contact with other nations and discouraged any form of territorial expansion.
This belief caused Americans to focus solely on industrial development, ignoring issues related to expansion or foreign relations.
It resulted in Americans adopting isolationist policies, refusing to interact with indigenous peoples or participate in international affairs.
What factors led to the growth of people out West?
Railroads, Mining, and Ranching & Farming
Industrial Revolution, Urbanization, and Immigration
Colonialism, Mercantilism, and Feudalism
Maritime Trade, Textile Industry, and Banking
What is the Pacific Railway Act?
It helped private companies build transcontinental (across the country) railroads.
It established the first national park in the United States.
It created the federal income tax system.
It abolished slavery throughout the United States.
How did the Pacific Railway Act influence people to move out West?
Railroad companies were given money and square miles of land to construct railroads across the nation; the amount earned was based on miles of track built; job opportunities for immigrants (Chinese and Irish).
It provided free farmland to anyone willing to move west and start a farm.
It required all settlers to pay high taxes to fund the railroads.
It banned immigrants from working on railroad construction.
What minerals were people mining for out West?
Gold and Silver
Copper and Tin
Iron and Lead
Coal and Salt
What factors led to the end of the open range for ranching out West?
Overgrazing, Landowners fenced off the open range with barbed wire, Sheep Wars, Beef prices decreased, The 'Great or Big Die-Up'—the harsh winter of 1886-1887 killed 90% of the cattle.
Discovery of gold in California, Expansion of the railroad, Introduction of new cattle breeds, Increase in horse population
Invention of the cotton gin, Growth of textile mills, Expansion of the fur trade, Decline in buffalo population
Rise of mining towns, Spread of smallpox, Increase in wheat farming, Decline in Native American population
What is the Homestead Act?
Offered 160 acres of land in the Western Territories to any family who settled on it for 5 years.
Required all settlers to pay a large fee for land in the Western Territories.
Granted citizenship to anyone who moved to the Western Territories.
Allowed only government officials to own land in the Western Territories.
How did the Homestead Act influence people to move out West?
Free land to make a profit off of.
Guaranteed gold for settlers.
Immediate citizenship for all immigrants.
Free transportation to the West.
Promise of no taxes for settlers.
What were some of the hardships for farmers out West?
Extremes of hot and cold, scarce water, grasshoppers (locust) destroyed crops, homesteads were very isolated, 160 acres was not enough land for a successful farm.
Abundant rainfall and mild temperatures made farming easy.
Farmers had access to advanced machinery and plentiful labor.
Farming was profitable due to high crop prices and government subsidies.
What were the terms of the Dawes Act?
Broke up the tribal land, divided reservation land into 160 acres per family to force them to farm, land was usually too poor to farm, granted U.S. citizenship to those who accepted the land.
Gave all tribal land back to Native Americans and restored their sovereignty.
Established reservations as permanent homelands and provided unlimited resources.
Allowed Native Americans to keep their traditional government and customs without interference.
How were Native Americans forced to assimilate? (i.e., what aspects of their culture were taken from them)
Sent to boarding schools and forced to learn English and stop using their native tongue, stop religious practices, cut their hair, change their clothes.
Given land and allowed to keep all their traditions and languages without interference.
Encouraged to form their own governments and maintain their cultural practices freely.
Allowed to practice their religion and language openly in all public spaces.
What is a Reservation? (Vocabulary)
Small parcels of land on which Native Americans were supposed to live.
A type of government building.
A large city where trade occurs.
A place where gold is stored.
What is Assimilation? (Vocabulary)
Forcibly adopt American ways and customs.
To resist all forms of change.
To create new traditions and customs.
To isolate from other cultures.
What is Deflation? (Vocabulary)
Decline in the price level of goods and services.
Increase in the price level of goods and services.
A government policy to increase spending.
A rise in employment rates.
What is Inflation? (Vocabulary)
Increase in the price level of goods and services.
Decrease in the price level of goods and services.
Increase in the quantity of goods produced.
Decrease in the quantity of goods produced.
The United States made life very difficult for Native Americans after Euro-Americans from the east moved out West.
True
False
No matter how much Native Americans were forced to assimilate, they were never truly accepted as equals in American society.
True
False
What problems were farmers facing out West?
Due to deflation, farmers could not pay back their loans and were broke.
Farmers were receiving high prices for their crops and became wealthy.
Farmers had easy access to credit and low interest rates.
Farmers were unaffected by economic changes and prospered.
How did farmers want to solve these problems?
Bring the free coinage of gold and silver (i.e., bimetallism) to create inflation.
Reduce the amount of money in circulation to lower prices.
Increase tariffs on imported goods to protect local markets.
Encourage industrialization over agriculture.
What did farmers include on the Populist Party Platform?
Create inflation by printing more paper money or coining silver, graduated income tax (tax the rich more than the poor), federal loan program, government should own and operate the railroads, telephone and telegraph, direct election of Senators, single term for President and Vice-President, secret ballot, initiative, recall, referendum, 8 hour work day, immigrant restrictions, no subsidies to private corporations.
Support for laissez-faire economics and minimal government intervention in business, unrestricted immigration, and opposition to labor unions.
Advocacy for monarchy, abolition of the Senate, and establishment of a national religion.
Promotion of free trade agreements, reduction of tariffs, and privatization of all public services.
What did the Scarecrow represent in The Wizard of Oz Allegory?
Farmers.
Bankers.
Industrialists.
Politicians.
What did Dorothy represent in The Wizard of Oz Allegory?
The American People.
The Wicked Witch of the West.
The Yellow Brick Road.
The Emerald City.
What did the Tin Man represent in The Wizard of Oz Allegory?
Industrial Workers.
Bankers.
Farmers.
Politicians.
What did the Cowardly Lion represent in The Wizard of Oz Allegory?
William Jennings Bryan.
Theodore Roosevelt.
Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Andrew Carnegie.
What did the Munchkins represent in The Wizard of Oz Allegory?
Citizens of the East.
Bankers of the West.
Farmers of the South.
Industrialists of the North.
What did the Yellow Brick Road represent in The Wizard of Oz Allegory?
The Gold Standard.
The Silver Standard.
The Great Depression.
The Industrial Revolution.
What did The Wizard of Oz represent in The Wizard of Oz Allegory?
An Ounce of Gold.
A Silver Coin.
A Tornado.
A Pair of Shoes.
What did Emerald City represent in The Wizard of Oz Allegory?
Washington D.C.
New York City
Los Angeles
Chicago
The Silver Shoes in The Wizard of Oz Allegory represented:
the power to return home
the gold standard
the Emerald City
the Wicked Witch
What is Nepotism?
The practice among those with power or influence of favoring relatives, friends, or associates, especially by giving them jobs.
The practice of a successful political party giving public office to its supporters.
Government jobs.
What is the Spoils System?
The practice among those with power or influence of favoring relatives, friends, or associates, especially by giving them jobs.
The practice of a successful political party giving public office to its supporters.
Government jobs.
What is Civil Service?
The practice among those with power or influence of favoring relatives, friends, or associates, especially by giving them jobs.
The practice of a successful political party giving public office to its supporters.
Government jobs.
What was the Gilded Age a period of?
New wealth, Corruption, Rapid Growth, Forgettable Presidents, Political parties ignored problems from rapid growth.
Decline of industry and technology
Peaceful international relations
Widespread agricultural reforms
Rise of monarchies
What is a political machine?
A party organization, headed by a single boss or small autocratic group, that commands enough votes to maintain political and administrative control of a city, county, or state.
A government agency responsible for enforcing laws at the federal level.
A type of voting machine used in elections to count ballots.
A political theory that advocates for direct democracy and citizen participation in all decisions.
Who is the party boss of Tammany Hall (e.g., political machine) of New York City?
Boss Tweed
Al Smith
Fiorello La Guardia
Thomas Nast
How did they take advantage of immigrants?
Found jobs and apartments for new immigrants, gave food to the poor in exchange for their votes.
They provided free education to all immigrants without any conditions.
They offered high-paying jobs to immigrants without expecting anything in return.
They allowed immigrants to vote without any requirements.
Who is Thomas Nast?
A political cartoonist who helped bring down Boss Tweed through his cartoons.
A famous American inventor known for the light bulb.
A Civil War general for the Union Army.
A 19th-century novelist who wrote 'Moby Dick'.
Graft is:
a method of joining two plant parts together so that they grow as one
a process of removing leaves from a plant
a technique for watering plants
a way to fertilize soil
Push factors for immigrants include:
lack of job opportunities
abundant natural resources
high standard of living
political stability
Pull factors for immigrants include:
better job opportunities
war and conflict
natural disasters
political persecution
People emigrated from which countries?
Ireland, Germany, and Italy
China, Japan, and Brazil
Russia, India, and Egypt
Mexico, Canada, and Australia
Fill in the blank: Immigration is ________.
The action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.
The process of leaving one’s own country to settle elsewhere.
A temporary visit to another country for tourism.
The act of exporting goods to another country.
Fill in the blank: Emigration is ________.
The act of leaving one's own country to settle permanently in another.
The act of entering a new country to live permanently.
The process of moving within the same country.
The temporary movement for tourism or business.
Fill in the blank: Push Factor means ________.
Things that push you out of your native country.
Things that attract you to a new country.
A reason to stay in your native country.
A type of government policy.
Fill in the blank: Pull Factor means ________.
Things that pull you toward a certain country.
Things that push you away from a certain country.
A law that restricts immigration.
A type of economic policy.
Fill in the blank: Settlement House is ________.
House in Chicago which offered instruction in English, counseling, and childcare to immigrants.
A government building used for official meetings.
A type of residential building for wealthy families.
A shelter for homeless people in New York.
Fill in the blank: Nativism is ________.
Movement by native born American citizens against immigrants.
A policy promoting equal rights for all immigrants.
A movement supporting multiculturalism and diversity.
A law encouraging foreign investment in the country.
Fill in the blank: Urbanization is ________.
Moving from a rural to an urban area.
Moving from an urban to a rural area.
The process of planting more trees in cities.
A decrease in city population.
Fill in the blank: Tenements are ________.
Apartment buildings where people packed into 7 or 8 floors, shared a bathroom on the main hall, poor ventilation (diseases like cholera, typhus, typhoid, and tuberculosis spread quickly).
Luxury homes with private gardens and swimming pools.
Single-family houses with spacious yards and modern amenities.
Commercial office buildings with advanced security systems.
What two ports were used for immigrants to come to America?
Ellis Island (East Coast; New York City) and Angel Island (West Coast; San Francisco)
Liberty Island and Alcatraz Island
Boston Harbor and Los Angeles Port
Miami Port and Seattle Port
Who founded the Hull House?
A) Jane Addams
B) Susan B. Anthony
C) Elizabeth Cady Stanton
D) Clara Barton
What did the Hull House offer to immigrants?
Instruction in English
Free transportation to Europe
Land ownership rights
Military training
What types of jobs did immigrant men and women find in America?
factories
universities
government offices
law firms
Why was there a movement towards nativism? Fill in the blank: Fear of being ________ and out voted.
outbred
outnumbered
outclassed
outlawed
Union organizers blamed immigrants for ________ wages.
slave
high
fair
equal
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act? Fill in the blank: 1882 - Ended Chinese immigration for almost ________ years.
100
10
50
20
Who were referred to as 'Robber Barons' during Industrialization?
A) Business leaders who served their nation in a positive way
B) Built their fortunes by stealing from the public
C) Exclusive control of a particular market
D) Controlled every stage of industrial process
What is a 'Monopoly' in the context of Industrialization?
A) Business leaders who served their nation in a positive way
B) Built their fortunes by stealing from the public
C) Exclusive control of a particular market that is marked by the power to control prices and exclude competition
D) Controlled every stage of industrial process
What is 'Vertical Integration'?
A) A company controls every stage of industrial process from mining raw materials to transporting the final product
B) Built their fortunes by stealing from the public
C) Business leaders who served their nation in a positive way
D) Exclusive control of a particular market
Andrew Carnegie had control of which industry?
Steel
Railroads
Banking
Oil
The Sherman Antitrust Act is:
a federal law aimed at preventing monopolies and promoting competition.
a law that established the Federal Reserve System.
an act that created the Social Security program.
a regulation for environmental protection.
The AFL is:
Australian Football League
American Football League
Association of Football Lovers
Asian Football League
What occurred at the following labor union strikes?
Workers protested for better conditions and wages.
Employers gave immediate raises to all workers.
Strikes resulted in no changes or negotiations.
Strikes were organized by government officials.
Which of the following best defines 'Laissez-faire Capitalism'?
An economic system with minimal government interference in business.
A system where the government controls all businesses.
A philosophy that supports survival of the fittest in society.
A group of workers hired to break strikes.
Fill in the blank: ________ are replacement workers.
Scabs
Managers
Union leaders
Supervisors
Fill in the blank: ________ is the idea that natural selection and survival of the fittest should be applied to the marketplace.
Social Darwinism
Laissez-faire Economics
Keynesianism
Mercantilism
Fill in the blank: ________ are private guards who put down strikes.
Pinkertons
Vanderbilts
Rockefellers
Carnegies
Fill in the blank: ________ is when competitors were bought out and placed under the control of one corporation.
Trust
Monopoly
Cartel
Merger
Fill in the blank: ________ is closing a factory down to break a labor movement before it could get organized.
Lockout
Strike
Boycott
Collective bargaining
Fill in the blank: ________ is the idea that government should keep its hands off of the economy and businesses will be self-motivated to offer improved goods at low prices (competition).
Laissez-faire Capitalism
Mercantilism
Socialism
Keynesian Economics
How did each of the following African American men contribute to education?
Taught useful trades so that African Americans could gain self-respect and economic equality (social equality would eventually follow economic equality)
Advocated for immediate social and political integration of African Americans through protests
Focused on establishing African American colleges in the North only
Promoted the idea that African Americans should return to Africa to escape discrimination
How did each of the following African American men contribute to education?
Discovered hundreds of uses for peanuts, sweet potatoes, soybeans which helped Southern agriculture
Invented the traffic signal and improved the gas mask
Was the first African American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard University
Founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama
How did each of the following African American men contribute to education? W.E.B. Du Bois: _______
Demanded complete equality for African Americans
Founded the Tuskegee Institute
Wrote the Emancipation Proclamation
Was the first African American Supreme Court Justice
What reasons were used to prevent women from gaining the right to vote?
A. Idea that voting was 'not a woman's place' B. Factory owners were afraid women would vote for shorter hours, better working conditions C. Liquor industry was afraid of temperance
D. Women were believed to be too busy with sports
E. It was thought women would only vote for fashion laws
F. Many argued women were too young to vote
G. Some believed women would abolish all taxes
Who were the Progressives?
Middle class Americans who worried about unrest among the poor, excesses of the rich, corruption of the government and decline of morality.
A group of wealthy industrialists who supported monopolies and opposed reforms.
Radical revolutionaries seeking to overthrow the government through violent means.
A coalition of Southern plantation owners advocating for the return of slavery.
Who were the Muckrakers?
Journalists who exposed corruption to fight for reform.
Industrialists who supported monopolies.
Politicians who resisted change.
Inventors who created new technologies.
The goals of Progressives included:
Promoting social welfare and reducing corruption
Expanding colonial territories
Maintaining traditional social hierarchies
Opposing all forms of government intervention
The goals of Muckrakers were:
to expose corruption and social injustices
to support monopolies and big businesses
to promote government secrecy
to discourage investigative journalism
Upton Sinclair exposed which of the following during the Progressive Movement?
Corruption in the meatpacking industry
Expansion of railroads
Women's suffrage movement
Development of the automobile industry
Lewis Hine exposed ______ during the Progressive Movement.
child labor abuses
women's suffrage
prohibition laws
political corruption
Jacob Riis exposed ______ during the Progressive Movement.
the poor living conditions in urban slums
the corruption in big business
the dangers of child labor in factories
the need for women's suffrage
Ida B. Tarbell exposed which of the following during the Progressive Movement?
The unfair practices of the Standard Oil Company
The corruption in city governments
The unsafe conditions in meatpacking plants
The exploitation of child labor
What is the term for acquiring territory or gaining control over the political or economic life of other countries?
Imperialism
Isolationism
Federalism
Nationalism
What is the national policy of avoiding political or economic entanglements with other countries called?
Isolationism
Imperialism
Globalization
Interventionism
Which term describes 'Survival of the fittest applied to competition among nations, the U.S. must demonstrate its strength by acquiring territories overseas'?
Social Darwinism
Manifest Destiny
Isolationism
Monroe Doctrine
What is the name of the idea that Westerners had a Christian duty to bring the benefits of their 'superior' civilization to less fortunate peoples of the world?
The White Man's Burden
Manifest Destiny
Social Darwinism
The Monroe Doctrine
Which doctrine is a principle of US policy, originated by President James Monroe in 1823, that any intervention by external powers in the politics of the Americas is a potentially hostile act against the US?
Monroe Doctrine
Marshall Plan
Truman Doctrine
Roosevelt Corollary
Which policy is described by the phrase 'Speak softly and carry a big stick' and includes the idea that the U.S. needed a strong military and to civilize nations unlike the U.S.?
Big Stick Policy
Dollar Diplomacy
Moral Diplomacy
Open Door Policy
Which corollary justified U.S. intervention in Latin America if they were unable to maintain order and stability on their own?
Roosevelt Corollary
Monroe Doctrine
Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
Which policy would give equal trading privileges with China to all countries?
Open Door Policy
Monroe Doctrine
Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
Which diplomacy promoted US trade by supporting American enterprises abroad?
Dollar Diplomacy
Gunboat Diplomacy
Moral Diplomacy
Ping-Pong Diplomacy
Which diplomacy is the idea that the U.S. should play a key role in promoting peace, self-determination, and democracy throughout the world, and sometimes required military intervention to help spread or preserve democracy?
Moral Diplomacy
Dollar Diplomacy
Gunboat Diplomacy
Isolationism
Why did America want to imperialize?
Needed world wide markets for growing industrial and agricultural surpluses; Needed sources of raw materials for manufacturing; Gaining oversea territories might take people's minds off of labor violence and farmer unrest; Politicians were allied with businesses who wanted more markets so the government was supportive
To reduce the size of the military and cut defense spending
To promote isolationism and avoid foreign entanglements
To encourage the return of colonial rule in Europe
How did we justify American Imperialism?
Social Darwinism; "The White Man's Burden"
Manifest Destiny; Monroe Doctrine
Isolationism; Neutrality Acts
Checks and Balances; Federalism
What is the Boxer Rebellion?
Chinese nationalists attacked foreign settlements and murdered dozens of Christian missionaries; The U.S. participated in an international force that crushed the rebellion.
A rebellion led by Japanese samurai against Western influence in Japan.
A revolt by Indian sepoys against British rule in 1857.
A movement in Russia to overthrow the Tsar and establish communism.
Why did the U.S. want to build the Panama Canal?
The U.S. wanted a canal to connect the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean (so ships did not have to go all the way around South America).
The U.S. wanted to build a tourist attraction in Central America.
The U.S. wanted to create a new trade route to Europe.
The U.S. wanted to establish a military base in Panama.
What challenges did the U.S. face when trying to build the Panama Canal?
Columbia refused U.S. terms for the canal
The U.S. lacked engineering knowledge
There was no interest in building the canal
The canal route was already completed by another country
How did Roosevelt find a way to still build the Panama Canal?
Roosevelt found out that people in a province of Columbia (Panama) were upset with Columbia; 1903 – U.S. backed a revolt in Panama and Panama became independent.
Roosevelt negotiated directly with the Colombian government and received immediate approval.
Roosevelt abandoned the project and focused on building a canal in Nicaragua instead.
Roosevelt waited until Colombia offered to sell the land for the canal at a reduced price.
