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7th Grade Life Science Study Guide For Semester 1 Final Exam

Total questions: 98

Worksheet time: 49mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The process by which a cell divides to produce two genetically identical cells is called _________________?

a)

mitosis

b)

meiosis

c)

binary fission

d)

budding

2.

The process that produces gametes (sperm or egg cells) is called ________________.

a)

meiosis

b)

mitosis

c)

fertilization

d)

binary fission

3.

Mitosis results in _____ daughter cells, while meiosis results in _____ daughter cells.

a)

2, 4

b)

4, 2

c)

2, 2

d)

4, 4

4.

During metaphase, chromosomes line up along the ________________ of the cell.

a)

center (or equator)

b)

membrane

c)

nucleus

d)

cytoplasm

5.

During anaphase, ________________ separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell.

a)

chromatids

b)

centrioles

c)

nucleoli

d)

ribosomes

6.

Meiosis increases ________________ in offspring through crossing over and independent assortment.

a)

genetic variation

b)

cell division

c)

chromosome number

d)

mutation rate

7.

Crossing over occurs during ________________ phase of meiosis.

a)

prophase I

b)

metaphase I

c)

anaphase I

d)

telophase I

8.

A cell spends most of its life in ________________, where it grows and carries out normal activities.

a)

interphase

b)

mitosis

c)

cytokinesis

d)

prophase

9.

Mitosis produces genetically unique cells.

a)

True

b)

False

10.

Section 1: Mitosis and Meiosis
10. One purpose of mitosis is:

a)

Growth and repair of tissues

b)

Production of gametes

c)

Reduction of chromosome number

d)

Formation of spores

11.

The physical appearance of an organism is called its ________________.

a)

phenotype

b)

genotype

c)

allele

d)

chromosome

12.

The genetic makeup of an organism is called its ________________.

a)

genotype

b)

phenotype

c)

chromosome

d)

allele

13.

A dominant allele is represented by a _______________ letter.

a)

uppercase

b)

lowercase

c)

italic

d)

bold

14.

A recessive allele is represented by a _______________ letter.

a)

lowercase

b)

uppercase

c)

italic

d)

bold

15.

A genotype that has two different alleles is called _______________.

a)

heterozygous

b)

homozygous

c)

dominant

d)

recessive

16.

A genotype that has two identical alleles is called _______________.

a)

homozygous

b)

heterozygous

c)

dominant

d)

recessive

17.

In a Punnett square, each box represents a possible _______________ of offspring.

a)

genotype

b)

phenotype

c)

allele

d)

chromosome

18.

If T = tall (dominant) and t = short (recessive), a Tt × Tt cross produces a phenotype ratio of ________ tall : ________ short.

a)

3 tall : 1 short

b)

2 tall : 2 short

c)

1 tall : 3 short

d)

4 tall : 0 short

19.

Mendel’s law of segregation states that alleles _____________________________ during gamete formation.

a)

separate

b)

combine

c)

disappear

d)

mutate

20.

Mendel’s experiments with pea plants helped discover the principles of _______________.

a)

heredity

b)

photosynthesis

c)

evolution

d)

metabolism

21.

The cell theory states that all living things are made of _______________.

a)

cells

b)

atoms

c)

molecules

d)

tissues

22.

Name the three main ideas of cell theory: • All living things are made of _______________ • All cells come from _______________ • The cell is the basic unit of _______________

a)

cells; cells; life

b)

atoms; atoms; matter

c)

tissues; tissues; energy

d)

organisms; organisms; structure

23.

The organelle where photosynthesis occurs is the _______________.

a)

chloroplast

b)

mitochondria

c)

nucleus

d)

ribosome

24.

The organelle that produces energy for the cell is the _______________.

a)

mitochondria

b)

nucleus

c)

ribosome

d)

chloroplast

25.

The organelle that controls all cell activities is the _______________.

a)

nucleus

b)

mitochondria

c)

ribosome

d)

cell membrane

26.

26. The cell membrane is _____________________________.

a)

selectively permeable

b)

completely impermeable

c)

rigid and inflexible

d)

always permeable

27.

27. Ribosomes are responsible for ____________________________.

a)

protein synthesis

b)

energy production

c)

lipid storage

d)

cell division

28.

28. Lysosomes contain ____________________________ to break down waste.

a)

enzymes

b)

hormones

c)

vitamins

d)

lipids

29.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) helps produce ________________ and ___________________.

a)

proteins; lipids

b)

carbohydrates; nucleic acids

c)

vitamins; minerals

d)

enzymes; hormones

30.

30. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for ____________________________.

a)

modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins

b)

producing energy through cellular respiration

c)

synthesizing DNA during replication

d)

breaking down waste materials

31.

Prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells because they ____________________________.

a)

do not have a nucleus

b)

have membrane-bound organelles

c)

are always multicellular

d)

contain a large central vacuole

32.

Eukaryotic cells have a ____________________________.

a)

nucleus

b)

cell wall

c)

chloroplast

d)

flagellum

33.

Chloroplasts are found only in ____________________________ cells.

a)

plant

b)

animal

c)

bacterial

d)

fungal

34.

Cytoplasm is a ____________________________ that holds organelles.

a)

jelly-like substance

b)

hard structure

c)

liquid solution

d)

solid mass

35.

One major difference between plant and animal cells is ____________________________.

a)

plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts

b)

animal cells have chloroplasts and a cell wall

c)

plant cells have mitochondria and lysosomes

d)

animal cells have a rigid cell wall and chloroplasts

36.

The ____________________________ helps maintain the cell’s shape.

a)

cytoskeleton

b)

mitochondria

c)

nucleus

d)

ribosome

37.

37. Plant cells have a large central ____________________________.

a)

vacuole

b)

nucleus

c)

chloroplast

d)

mitochondrion

38.

38. The lysosome helps ____________________________.

a)

break down waste

b)

produce energy for the cell

c)

synthesize proteins

d)

store genetic information

39.

The rough ER is covered with ____________________________.

a)

ribosomes

b)

mitochondria

c)

lysosomes

d)

centrioles

40.

The “powerhouse of the cell” is the ____________________________.

a)

mitochondrion

b)

nucleus

c)

ribosome

d)

chloroplast

41.

Mitosis produces cells that are genetically identical.

a)

True

b)

False

42.

Meiosis produces four genetically identical cells.

a)

True

b)

False

43.

Dominant alleles always mask recessive alleles.

a)

True

b)

False

44.

A genotype shows physical traits.

a)

True

b)

False

45.

All cells come from pre-existing cells.

a)

True

b)

False

46.

Chloroplasts are found in animal cells.

a)

True

b)

False

47.

The cell membrane is selectively permeable.

a)

True

b)

False

48.

DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

a)

True

b)

False

49.

Lysosomes break down waste and old cell parts.

a)

True

b)

False

50.

Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus.

a)

True

b)

False

51.

Phases of mitosis: ________________________________

a)

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

b)

Interphase, Cytokinesis, Prophase, Metaphase

c)

G1, S, G2, M

d)

Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Cytokinesis

52.

Phases of meiosis: ________________________________

a)

Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II

b)

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

c)

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

d)

G1, S, G2, M

53.

Organelles found in eukaryotic cells: ________________________________

a)

Nucleus, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, Chloroplasts (in plants), Vacuoles

b)

Cell wall, Ribosomes, Plasmids, Capsule, Flagella, Pili

c)

Nucleus, Plasmids, Capsule, Chloroplasts, Pili, Vacuoles

d)

Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Capsule, Flagella, Lysosomes, Plasmids

54.

Organelles involved in protein synthesis: ________________________________

a)

Ribosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus

b)

Mitochondria, Lysosomes, Peroxisomes

c)

Chloroplasts, Vacuole, Cell Wall

d)

Centrioles, Microtubules, Nucleus

55.

Types of genetic inheritance: ________________________________

a)

Dominant, Recessive, Codominant, Incomplete Dominance, Sex-linked

b)

Dominant, Recessive, Polygenic, Mitochondrial, Autosomal

c)

Dominant, Recessive, Epistatic, Lethal, Multiple Alleles

d)

Dominant, Recessive, Linked, Unlinked, Quantitative

56.

Characteristics of dominant alleles: ________________________________

a)

Expressed when present, masks recessive allele, represented by uppercase letter

b)

Expressed only when both alleles are present, represented by lowercase letter

c)

Never expressed, always masked by recessive allele, represented by lowercase letter

d)

Expressed only in the absence of recessive allele, represented by lowercase letter

57.

Characteristics of recessive alleles: ________________________________

a)

Expressed only when two copies are present, masked by dominant allele, represented by lowercase letter

b)

Expressed in the presence of a dominant allele, represented by uppercase letter

c)

Always visible in the phenotype, regardless of other alleles

d)

Can override dominant alleles in all cases

58.

Organelles involved in energy production: ________________________________

a)

Mitochondria, Chloroplasts (in plants)

b)

Nucleus, Ribosomes

c)

Golgi apparatus, Lysosomes

d)

Endoplasmic reticulum, Peroxisomes

59.

Organelles involved in waste breakdown: ________________________________

a)

Lysosomes, Peroxisomes

b)

Mitochondria, Ribosomes

c)

Golgi apparatus, Endoplasmic reticulum

d)

Chloroplasts, Vacuoles

60.

Characteristics of prokaryotic cells: ________________________________

a)

No nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles, smaller size, single-celled

b)

Has a nucleus, contains mitochondria, multicellular

c)

Contains chloroplasts, large vacuole, complex structure

d)

Has a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, larger size

61.

Characteristics of eukaryotic cells: ________________________________

a)

Have nucleus, have membrane-bound organelles, larger size, can be multicellular

b)

Do not have nucleus, lack membrane-bound organelles, smaller size, always unicellular

c)

Have cell wall only, no organelles, always prokaryotic

d)

Only found in bacteria, no multicellular forms

62.

Phases of the cell cycle: ________________________________

a)

Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

b)

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase

c)

G1, S, G2

d)

Meiosis, Telophase, Anaphase

63.

Ways meiosis increases genetic variation: ________________________________

a)

Crossing over, Independent assortment, Random fertilization

b)

Mitosis, Cytokinesis, DNA replication

c)

Cell elongation, Apoptosis, Mutation repair

d)

Binary fission, Budding, Cloning

64.

Structures plant cells have that animal cells do not: ________________________________

a)

Cell wall, Chloroplasts, Large central vacuole

b)

Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Nucleus

c)

Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Lysosomes

d)

Golgi apparatus, Endoplasmic reticulum, Centrioles

65.

Reasons cells undergo mitosis: ____________________________

a)

Growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.

b)

Energy production and movement.

c)

Digestion and absorption of nutrients.

d)

Photosynthesis and respiration.

66.

Fill in the blank: The process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells is called _______.

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Binary fission

d)

Budding

67.

Fill in the blank: The process of cell division that results in four genetically different cells is called _______.

a)

Meiosis

b)

Mitosis

c)

Binary fission

d)

Budding

68.

Fill in the blank: The number of daughter cells produced in mitosis and meiosis are _______ and _______ respectively.

a)

2, 4

b)

4, 2

c)

2, 2

d)

4, 4

69.

Fill in the blank: Chromosomes line up at the _______ during metaphase.

a)

metaphase plate or middle

b)

spindle fibers

c)

nuclear envelope

d)

centrosome

70.

Fill in the blank: Identical copies of a chromosome held together at the centromere are called _______.

a)

sister chromatids

b)

homologous chromosomes

c)

centrosomes

d)

chromatin

71.

Fill in the blank: Meiosis results in _______ among offspring.

a)

genetic variation

b)

identical cells

c)

no change

d)

cloning

72.

The first phase of meiosis is called _______.

a)

Prophase I

b)

Metaphase I

c)

Anaphase I

d)

Telophase I

73.

The phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows and DNA is replicated is called _______.

a)

Interphase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

74.

True or False: Mitosis produces genetically identical cells.

a)

True

b)

False

75.

Fill in the blank: The main purposes of mitosis are _______.

a)

Growth, repair, or replacement of cells

b)

Energy production and storage

c)

Transmission of genetic information to offspring

d)

Formation of gametes

76.

Fill in the blank: The observable characteristics of an organism are called its _______.

a)

Phenotype

b)

Genotype

c)

Allele

d)

Chromosome

77.

Fill in the blank: The genetic makeup of an organism is called its _______.

a)

Genotype

b)

Phenotype

c)

Chromosome

d)

Allele

78.

Fill in the blank: Dominant alleles are represented by _______ letters.

a)

Uppercase

b)

Lowercase

c)

Italic

d)

Bold

79.

Fill in the blank: Recessive alleles are represented by _______ letters.

a)

Lowercase

b)

Uppercase

c)

Bold

d)

Italic

80.

An organism with two different alleles for a trait is called _______.

a)

Heterozygous

b)

Homozygous

c)

Genotype

d)

Phenotype

81.

Fill in the blank: The term for having two identical alleles for a trait is ________.

a)

Homozygous

b)

Heterozygous

c)

Dominant

d)

Recessive

82.

Fill in the blank: The genetic makeup of an organism is called its ________.

a)

Genotype

b)

Phenotype

c)

Chromosome

d)

Allele

83.

Fill in the blank: The phenotypic ratio for a monohybrid cross in Mendelian genetics is ________.

a)

3 tall : 1 short

b)

1 tall : 3 short

c)

2 tall : 2 short

d)

4 tall : 0 short

84.

Fill in the blank: According to Mendel's law of segregation, ________ separate during gamete formation.

a)

Alleles

b)

Chromosomes

c)

Genes

d)

Cells

85.

Fill in the blank: The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called ________.

a)

Heredity

b)

Mutation

c)

Adaptation

d)

Evolution

86.

Fill in the blank: The basic unit of life is the ________.

a)

Cell

b)

Atom

c)

Molecule

d)

Organ

87.

Fill in the blank: The three main points of cell theory are: 1) All living things are made of ________, 2) All cells come from ________ ________, 3) The cell is the basic unit of ________.

a)

cells, existing cells, life

b)

atoms, new cells, matter

c)

molecules, dead cells, energy

d)

tissues, old cells, structure

88.

Fill in the blank: The organelle responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells is the ________.

a)

Chloroplast

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Nucleus

d)

Ribosome

89.

Fill in the blank: The powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing energy, is the ________.

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Nucleus

c)

Ribosome

d)

Golgi apparatus

90.

Fill in the blank: The control center of the cell, which contains genetic material, is the ________.

a)

Nucleus

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Ribosome

d)

Cell membrane

91.

Fill in the blank: The cell membrane is ________ ________ and controls what enters and exits the cell.

a)

selectively permeable

b)

completely solid

c)

randomly open

d)

impermeable

92.

Fill in the blank: The process by which cells make proteins is called ________ ________.

a)

protein synthesis

b)

cell division

c)

photosynthesis

d)

respiration

93.

Fill in the blank: Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions are called ________.

a)

Enzymes

b)

Hormones

c)

Antibodies

d)

Vitamins

94.

Fill in the blank: The two main types of macromolecules found in cell membranes are ________ and ________.

a)

proteins, lipids

b)

carbohydrates, nucleic acids

c)

lipids, nucleic acids

d)

proteins, carbohydrates

95.

Fill in the blank: The Golgi apparatus ________ and ________ proteins.

a)

packages, transports

b)

synthesizes, destroys

c)

stores, digests

d)

absorbs, releases

96.

Fill in the blank: Prokaryotic cells ________ have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.

a)

do not

b)

always

c)

sometimes

d)

rarely

97.

Fill in the blank: The organelle that contains the cell's DNA is the ________.

a)

Nucleus

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Ribosome

d)

Golgi apparatus

98.

Meiosis produces four genetically unique cells.

a)

True

b)

False

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