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WorksheetsSemester Exam Review
Total questions: 60
Worksheet time: 1hrs 1mins
What are the two reactants of aerobic respiration in an animal cell? Select all that apply.
carbon dioxide
energy
glucose
oxygen
water
Which statement about biomass is true?
As the trophic level increases, the biomass decreases
As the biomass increases, the trophic level increases
The biomass of an ecosystem depends on the species at the top trophic level
The biomass of an ecosystem is independent of the number of species
Why does a cell undergo anaerobic respiration?
The process of fermentation produces lactate that is used by the cells for glycolysis
The process of fermentation can keep the cell functioning even in the absence of glucose
The process of fermentation produces a high amount of ATP molecules in the end
The process of fermentation helps ensure a continuous supply of NAD+ for glycolysis
What stores the chemical energy produced during photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide
glucose
oxygen
water
Which best describes the role of sunlight in the process of photosynthesis?
Light provides the energy to make sugars from smaller carbon compounds
Light provides the energy to break down sugars into smaller molecules
Light provides the energy to combine oxygen and hydrogen to generate water
Light provides the energy to build large carbohydrates from simple sugars
What type of biomolecule most commonly composes a catalyst?
carbohydrate
lipid
nucleic acid
protein
The model represents a type of ecological succession that occurs after a glacier retreat. A student claims this is an example of primary ecological succession. Is the claim made by the student correct, and why?
No. The large trees are able to grow in the area
No. The fertile soil is present below the glacier
Yes. The shrubs grow in fertile soil after the glacier retreat
Yes. The barren rocks are converted into usable soil
In a forest area, previously cleared by a forest fire, is allowed to recover on its own and regain its lost biodiversity, which process would be evident?
deforestation
fragmentation
primary succession
secondary succession
Type the complementary strand to the following DNA sequence: ATGCCATGCAAT
TACGGTACGTTA
TUGGCUUGCTTA
TACTGTACGTAT
ATGCCATGCAAT
Here are the steps for protein synthesis. 1. tRNA and rRNA interact together. 2. Polypeptide chain releases from the ribosome. 3. mRNA attaches to the ribosome. 4. mRNA releases from DNA. Which option orders the steps for protein synthesis?
4 --> 3 --> 1 --> 2
3 --> 4 --> 2 --> 1
1 --> 3 --> 2 --> 4
4 --> 1 --> 3 --> 2
What evidence could indicate that alcoholic fermentation is taking place in a test tube?
The amount of glucose is increasing in the test tube.
The amount of lactic acid is increasing in the test tube.
The amount of oxygen is increasing in the test tube.
The amount of ethanol is increasing in the test tube.
What evidence could indicate that lactic acid fermentation is taking place in a test tube?
The amount of glucose is increasing in the test tube.
The amount of lactic acid is increasing in the test tube.
The amount of oxygen is increasing in the test tube.
The amount of ethanol is increasing in the test tube.
Which of the following is true about two organisms that share an identical sequence of part of their DNA?
The sequence of chromosomes is the same and shows they are distant relatives of each other.
The sequence of chromosomes is the same and shows they have the same parents.
The sequence of the genetic information is the same and will code as an identical chromosome.
The sequence of the genetic information is the same and will code as an identical protein.
The model shows a food chain for a terrestrial ecosystem: grass and shrubs → grasshopper → frog → fox → coyote. If 80,000 J of energy is available in the grass and shrubs, how much energy would the fox receive after eating the frog?
8 J
80 J
800 J
8000 J
Why do organisms further up the energy pyramid receive less energy than originally available in the producers?
Energy is destroyed as it moves through the food chain.
Most energy is stored in the bodies of the organisms and not passed on.
Energy is lost as heat at each level due to life processes.
Organisms at higher levels need less energy than those at the bottom.
Which two factors would most likely decrease the carrying capacity of a population?
an increase in natural predators
an expansion of the ecosystem
a prolonged drought limiting the growth of plants
a decline in competition from other herbivores
a decrease in predators
Which statement explains why different types of cells in a multicellular organism have the same DNA?
Different types of cells replicate different portions of the same DNA
Different types of cells have different amounts of the same DNA
Different types of cells express different genes from the same DNA
Different types of cells mutate different portions of the same DNA
Which type of division would be utilized to heal a wound?
meiosis as new cells are created that are different from each other
meiosis as new cells are created that are identical to each other
mitosis as new cells are created that are different from each other
mitosis as new cells are created that are identical to each other
Why is the production of proteins dependent on DNA?
DNA determines the sequence of amino acids essential for making proteins
DNA stores information in the form of amino acids for making proteins
DNA collects amino acids as the base units needed for making proteins
DNA binds amino acids together for making proteins
Which argument is true about the gametes formed at the end of meiosis 2?
Meiosis produces gametes that have genetic material different from the parent cell
Meiosis produces gametes that have genetic material identical to that of the parent cell
Meiosis produces more gametes with the same amount of genetic material as in the parent cell
Meiosis produces fewer gametes with double the amount of genetic materials as in the parent cell
An organism is formed when an egg and sperm combine. The first cell is formed, and then the cell begins to divide rapidly to form a blastocyst, as shown. Cells from the blastocyst will give rise to all cell types including muscle, skin, and nerve cells. What causes these cells to develop into different cell types?
As the cells divide by mitosis, they end up with different combinations of genes
Different genes are turned on, causing the cells to develop into different cell types
Cells differentiate randomly, leading to the variety of cells in the body
As the cells divide by mitosis, they absorb a variety of different enzymes
What is the result of crossing over?
an increase in offspring variation
the deletion of ammo acids in proteins
an increase in mutations in genetic material
the production of gametes that are genetically identical
Which description of mitosis would be correct?
Prophase is when the chromosomes moving toward the far ends of the cell.
Telophase is where the chromosomes have duplicated.
Anaphase, where the chromosomes have lined up in the middle of the cell.
Cytokinesis with each having the same chromosomes as the parent cell.
Which of the following is the best example of homeostasis in the human body?
The secretions from oil glands in the skin decrease as a person ages.
Opposite muscles are used to bend and extend a person's arm at the elbow joint.
The villi of the small intestine increase the absorption of nutrients from the small intestine into the blood.
More growth hormone is released from the pituitary gland when the level of growth hormone in the blood falls too low.
What is the maximum number of different allele combinations that can be formed normally for these two genes in gametes produced from a cell that has the following alleles? Bb & Tt
2
4
6
8
What is the maximum number of different allele combinations that can be formed normally for these three genes in gametes produced from a cell that has the following alleles? Bb, Tt, & Rr
2
4
6
8
Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of
diploid cells
haploid cells
2N daughter cells
body cells
Match each monomer to the correct macromolecule. Drag the descriptions under the correct macromolecule. Each group will have 3 answers, a monomer, polymer and function.
Amino Acids
Proteins
Fatty Acids
Lipids
Monosaccharides
Carbohydrates
Nucleotides
Nucleic Acids
Match each polymer to the correct macromolecule. Drag the descriptions under the correct macromolecule. Each group will have 3 answers, a monomer, polymer and function.
Protein
Proteins
DNA & RNA
Nucleic Acids
Fats
Lipids
Polysaccharides
Carbohydrates
Match each function to the correct macromolecule. Drag the descriptions under the correct macromolecule. Each group will have 3 answers, a monomer, polymer and function.
Hormones, used to form bones, muscles and hair, or transport substances
Proteins
Store energy
Lipids
Store & Transmit Hereditary Information
Nucleic Acids
Short Term Energy
Carbohydrates
In the graph to the right, what is the population of deer at the carrying capacity of the environment?
3
7
70
40
What will happen if all of the frogs in a population die?
The frogs' predators will decrease and the frogs' prey will increase
The frogs' predators will increase and the frogs' prey will decrease
We better all pray because there isn't anymore frogs.
When resources are not available a population will _____________ in size.
Increase
Decrease
Stay the same
What happens if a population grows past its carrying capacity?
The population keeps growing
The population starts to die off
The entire species will go extinct
The carrying capacity just increases
The number and variety of species on Earth is called _____________________.
Biodiversity
Poaching
Biodiversity Hotspot
Mass Extinction
How does the expansion of urban development into rural areas affect natural populations in the environment?
Resources available to the natural populations will decrease.
The biodiversity of the natural populations will increase.
The amount of area available to producers will increase.
Death rates of the natural populations will decrease.
What is an invasive species?
A native species to Ecuador
A non-native species that causes harm to an ecosystem
A species that has a declining population
A species that is critical to the function of an ecosystem
What are conservation strategies?
Actions or plans implemented to protect and preserve natural resources, ecosystems, and biodiversity.
Plans to ignore and neglect natural resources
Actions taken to destroy ecosystems and biodiversity
Strategies to exploit and deplete natural resources
Which mutation will cause translation to stop?
Mutations 1 and 3 only
Mutation 1 only
Mutation 2 only
Muations 1, 2, 3
Why are insertion and deletion mutations so harmful?
They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence
They insert things that an organism doesn't need.
They often delete things that organisms need.
Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.
What causes differentiation?
The DNA is different in each type of cell.
Some cells have more or less DNA than others.
Only specific genes in the DNA are activated.
Stem cells are:
specialized cells with specific functions in the body
cells that are undifferentiated and can differentiate into any cell type
reproductive cells
cells that can only do one job
If a population of rabbits exceeds the carrying capacity of its habitat, what is the most likely outcome?
The population will stabilize at a higher number
The population will decrease due to limited resources
The population will continue to grow indefinitely
The carrying capacity will automatically increase
What is the main function of glucose produced during photosynthesis?
It releases oxygen into the atmosphere
It provides water for cellular processes
It stores chemical energy for the plant
It absorbs sunlight for the plant
Which process is responsible for the conversion of atmospheric carbon dioxide into glucose in plants?
Cellular respiration
Fermentation
Transpiration
Photosynthesis
During ecological succession, which type of organism is typically the first to colonize bare rock?
Shrubs
Grasses
Lichens and mosses
Large trees
Which process increases genetic diversity during meiosis?
Direct transfer of RNA between cells
Formation of identical daughter cells
Crossing over between homologous chromosomes
Replication of DNA without error
What is the main function of stem cells in multicellular organisms?
To divide and differentiate into specialized cell types
To produce hormones for cell communication
To transport oxygen throughout the body
To provide structural support to tissues
Why does energy decrease as it moves up the trophic levels in an energy pyramid?
Energy is converted to heat during metabolic processes
Energy is created at higher trophic levels
Consumers store all energy in their bodies
Producers absorb less energy from the sun
What is the likely effect on an ecosystem if a non-native species is introduced and begins to outcompete native species?
Biodiversity will increase
The ecosystem may become unbalanced
No effect will occur
Native species will thrive
Which process describes the gradual change in species composition in an area following a disturbance such as a volcanic eruption?
Fermentation
Ecological succession
Deforestation
Photosynthesis
What are the TWO inputs of cellular respiration?
ATP
carbon dioxide
glucose
oxygen gas
water
In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration similar?
Both processes destroy energy.
Both create energy.
Photosynthesis breaks down sugar while cellular respiration produces sugar.
Both processes transfer energy from one form to another.
Where does the Krebs Cycle occur
cytoplasm
christae
mitochondrial matrix
thylakoid
If there is no oxygen present in the mitochondria present, what process will occur?
Fermentation
Cellular Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
Calvin Cycle
