An exchange of goods, ideas, diseases and skills from the Old World (Europe, Asia and Africa) to the New World (North and South America) and vice versa. What is this process called?

A water route from the Atlantic to the Pacific through northern Canada and along the northern coast of Alaska. Sought by navigators attempting to get to China. What is the name of this route?

What were these people called?

Religious revival in the 1730-40s, helped by Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield; inspired controversy over emotionalism/revivalism versus traditionalist Protestantism, nevertheless united the Americans as a people. What was this movement called?

State laws in the South that legalized segregation. Limited rights of blacks. Literacy tests, grandfather clauses and poll taxes limited black voting rights. What were these laws called?

What is the year referred to here?

French colony in North America, with a capital in Quebec, founded 1608. New France fell to the British in 1763. What was the name of this colony?

A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay. They believed they were the example to the world. What was the name of this group?

A philosophical movement which started in Europe in the 1700's and spread to the colonies. It emphasized reason and the scientific method. Many members rejected traditional religious beliefs in favor of Deism, which holds that the world is run by natural laws without the direct intervention of God. What was this movement called?

Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War - first shots of the Civil War.

First major battle of the Civil War, in which untrained Northern troops and civilian picnickers fled back to Washington. The Confederacy wins making clear the Union forces were not naturally superior. This battle helped boost Southern morale and made the North realize that this would be a long war.

Bought a train ticket (7/8th white) he sat in the white train car. He wanted to test the constitutionality of the law. Court case stated that states could separate the races as long as there equal facilities making segregation the law of the land until 1954.

Founding of Jamestown.

A colony founded by the Dutch in the New World along the Hudson and lower Delaware rivers. It became New York.

A colony established by the English Pilgrims, or Separatists, in 1620. They came over on the Mayflower. The Separatists were Puritans who abandoned hope that the Anglican Church could be reformed. Plymouth became part of Massachusetts in 1691.

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire. Made money on trade, fishing, and shipbuilding. Subsistence farming only because of the cold climate and poor soil.

A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent raw materials to Europe, and Europe sent finished goods to the colonies/guns and rum to Africa.

Spanish colonial possessions in Mesoamerica; included most of central Mexico;

One of the first settlements in New England; established in 1630 and became a major Puritan colony. Became the state of Massachusetts, originally where Boston is located. It was a major trading center, and absorbed the Plymouth community. The colony established political freedom and a representative government. The name of this colony is _________.

Lived in arid (dry) places. Had to use irrigation to farm crops like maize. These Native Americans are known as _________.

The only Supreme Court justice to dissent from the "separate, but equal" decision in Plessy v. Ferguson. Stated the Constitution is color blind. This justice was _________?

A general for northern command of the Army of the Potomac in 1861; nicknamed "Tardy George" because of his failure to move troops to Richmond; lost battle vs. General Lee near the Chesapeake Bay; Lincoln fired him twice. This general was _________?

Northern Civil War strategy to starve the South by blockading seaports and controlling the Mississippi River; intended to starve the South by blocking trade. This strategy was called the _________.

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War; essentially slavery by another name. These laws were known as _________?

Had permanent villages; mixture of subsistence farming and hunter/gatherer societies. These Native Americans are known as _________.

(1491-1547) King of England from 1509 to 1547; his desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England's break with the Roman Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism. He established the Church of England in 1532. This king was _________

Leader of the Pilgrims at Plymouth. Wrote the history of the Plymouth colony called Of Plymouth Plantation. This leader was _________

An economic system where a nation's power is equivalent to its wealth. To increase a nation's wealth the government regulates the nation's commercial interests through laws and tariffs. Britain uses the Navigation Acts to regulate the colonies. What is this system called?

What are the 3 G's of Exploration?

1509-1564. French theologian. Developed the Christian theology known as Calvinism. Attracted Protestant followers with his teachings. Who is this person?

Form of Protestantism set up in England after 1534; established by Henry VIII with himself as head, at least in part to obtain a divorce from his first wife; became increasingly Protestant following Henry's death. What is the name of this church?

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware; Grew grains "breadbasket" colonies; Religious tolerance. What were these colonies called?

Requirement in southern black codes that all free African Americans enter into a labor contract. Motivated by the intense Southern fear that they were losing their labor force and the Southern economy would plummet. What were these contracts called?

Civil War battle in which the North succeeded in halting Lee's Confederate forces in Maryland. Was the bloodiest battle of the war resulting in 25,000 casualties; This was Lee's first invasion of the North. This is a Union win which will lead to Lincoln's announcement of the Emancipation Proclamation. What is the name of this battle?

This "virgin" queen ruled England for 50 years and was one of the most successful monarchs in English History. She supported the arts, increased the treasury, supported the exploration of the New World, built up the military, and established the Church of England as the main religion in England. Who is this queen?

South Carolina slave revolt that prompted the colonies to pass stricter laws regulating the movement of slaves and the capture of runaways. What is the name of this rebellion?

Calvinist belief that God long ago determined who would gain salvation. These people were known as the elect. The term for this belief is _________?

Grants citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the United States"; it forbids any state to deny any person "life, liberty or property, without due process of law" or to "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of its laws." Applies the protection of the Bill of Rights to state legislation. Most important law passed besides original Constitution and Bill of Rights. Passed as a reaction to Southern black codes. This law is known as the ___________.

Nomadic tribes due to their environmental conditions. Primarily hunted buffalo. These tribes are known as the ___________.

Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force. Had superior leadership skills. This general was ___________.

Photographer who documented the horrors of war with his pictures of Civil War battles; literally brought the war to the people. His images created a public relations problem for the Union/Lincoln. This photographer was ___________.

White supremacy organization that intimidated blacks out of their newly found liberties. Terrorist organization that's conducted raids at night to inspire fear in the South amongst African Americans (primarily). Initial intentions were to prevent African Americans and their allies from voting. This organization is known as the ___________.

First voyage in 1492. Initiated major demographic and cultural changes in both the New and Old Worlds. This event is known as ___________.

___________ refers to the practice of engaging in maritime warfare under a commission of war, especially during the Age of Exploration.

What is the name of this governor?

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia. Made money by having slaves grow cash crops on plantations due to rich soil and warm climate. What is the collective name for these colonies?

A business, often backed by a government charter, that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks (and profits) among many investors. Early form of a corporation. What is this type of business called?

Slaves found ways to preserve/create new rituals despite slave codes. They had informal marriage ceremonies, created surrogate families for each other after being sold, and merged African religious practices with Christian elements. Language and music also played a role in maintaining slave autonomy. What is this called?

A phrase that is associated with John Winthrop's sermon "A Model of Christian Charity," given in 1630. Refers to the idea that Puritan colonists emigrating to the New World were part of a special pact with God to create a holy community: a model society to the world. What is this phrase?

One of the most disputed presidential elections in US history between Samuel Tilden and Rutherford B. Hayes. Neither candidate earned a majority of the electoral votes. 20 disputed electoral votes were ultimately awarded to Hayes after a bitter legal and political battle, giving him the victory on the condition that Hayes would remove remaining federal troops from the South, marking the end of Reconstruction and the beginning of Jim Crow segregation. What is the name of this election?

Set the Line of Demarcation which was a boundary established in 1493 to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas. It declared that newly discovered lands to the west of the line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to _________?

Proclamation issued by Lincoln after the Union win at the Battle of Antietam. The proclamation only freed slaves in areas still at war with the Union as a military necessity. This document turns international perceptions of the Union Army into a liberating army. This proclamation is known as the __________.

Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Louisiana, and Texas. The first states to secede from the Union are known as the __________.

Deal that settled the 1876 presidential election contest between Rutherford Hayes (Rep) & Samuel Tilden (Dem.); Hayes was awarded presidency in exchange for the permanent removal of federal troops from the South, ending Reconstruction. This officially marks the point where Republicans stop trying to protect/ensure racial equality of African Americans. This deal is known as the __________.

The oldest continually inhabited European settlement in United States territory. Established by the Spanish. 1st North American colony. This settlement is called __________.

An English joint-stock company formed in 1600 to develop trade with the new British colonies in India and southeastern Asia. This company is called the __________.

Mayflower Compact was signed by the Pilgrims promising to consult each other about laws for the colony in the year __________.

A policy of the Puritans which allowed even those who hadn't had a conversion experience to join the church. It gave 'half membership.' Massachusetts ministers accepted this compromise and it signified a drop in the religious zeal or mission that had characterized Massachusetts in its change in the religious character of New England Society. This policy is known as the __________.

English joint-stock company that received a charter from King James I that allowed it to found the Virginia colony (Jamestown). Fill in the blank: __________

A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of Indians; it was a disguised form of slavery. Fill in the blank: __________

Promoting equal rights for all people. Fill in the blank: __________

Rights to participate in society. Includes things like contracts, property, and court testimony in the late 1800s. Fill in the blank: __________

States bordering the North: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. They were slave states, but did not secede. Fill in the blank: __________

Several accusations of witchcraft led to sensational trials in Salem, Massachusetts at which Cotton Mather presided as the chief judge. 18 people were hanged as witches. Afterwards, most of the people involved admitted that the trials and executions had been a terrible mistake. Fill in the blank: __________

1863, this three day battle was the bloodiest of the entire Civil War, ended in a Union victory, and is considered the turning point of the war. This was Lee's second attempt to invade the North. Fill in the blank: __________

A dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Rhode Island to the south. Fill in the blank: __________

In the late 1800s: the right to conduct civil rights in the company of other races. Fill in the blank: __________

The term used by Spanish authorities to describe someone of mixed Native American and European descent. Fill in the blank: __________

Fill in the blank: The term for a document issued by a government that gives rights to a person or company to do something is called a __________.

Which colony was established by Roger Williams, practiced religious tolerance, and did not require voters to be church members?

Which speech, given by Abraham Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg, praised the bravery of Union soldiers and supported the ideals of self-government and human rights?

What term is used in Spanish and Portuguese colonies to describe someone of mixed African and European descent?

What was the first permanent English colony in North America, founded in Virginia in 1607, that began to thrive after the widespread adoption of tobacco cultivation?

Who was the Puritan woman who was banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony for questioning authority and later helped form Rhode Island?

Who was the preacher during the First Great Awakening known for the sermon 'Sinners in the hands of angry god'?

What was the controversy in Massachusetts Bay Colony involving the questioning of religious authority and the importance of faith over works?

Which Christian preacher's tour of the English colonies sparked the First Great Awakening and was a leader of the 'New Lights'?

Who organized Jamestown and imposed the harsh law 'He who will not work shall not eat'?

Led by Popé - a Native American rejection of colonization. The uprising of Pueblos in Santa Fe killed 400 Spanish and drove the remaining 2,000 settlers out of the province. They also destroyed Catholic Churches. The Spanish eventually returned and were able to reoccupy New Mexico. However, the Spanish had to be accommodating of Indian culture afterwards. What is the name of this event?

1863, Union gains control of Mississippi, confederacy split in two, Grant takes lead of Union armies, total war begins. What battle is being described?

An American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War. His win at Vicksburg results in his commission as the head of the Union forces. Who is this person?

Believed natives were savages; thought Spanish were in the right giving natives civilization. He was the adversary of Bartolomé de las Casas in the Valladolid Controversy in 1550. Who is this person?

A native Indian of America, daughter of Chief Powahatan, who was one of the first to marry an Englishman, John Rolfe, and return to England with him. Who is this person?

What is the name of this agreement?

What is the term for these two groups?

2nd most important Union General who introduced total war in 'the march to the sea.' He destroyed crops, towns, and farms from Atlanta to Savannah with the goal of demoralizing the South. Who is this person?

Which Dominican priest spoke out against mistreatment of Native Americans and achieved the New Laws of 1542 to limit Spanish settlers' ability to compel Amerindians to labor?

Who was the new governor of Jamestown in 1610 who imposed a military regime and declared war against the Powhatan Confederacy, employing 'Irish tactics'?

What is the term for an assembly of people in a New England town that made laws and elected leaders?

Which acts passed in 1660 by British Parliament increased colonial dependence on Great Britain for trade, limited colonial exports, and caused resentment in American colonies to increase British wealth?

What was the name of the first war fought in 1614 that ended with peace settlement by the marriage of Pocahontas to John Rolfe, and included a second war in 1644 as a last ditch effort to dislodge the Virginians?

What agricultural system employed by North American Indians as early as 1000 A.D. involved growing maize, beans, and squash together to maximize yields?

Which 1733 British law imposed a tax on sugar, molasses, and rum imported from non-British colonies into North American colonies, intended to maintain the monopoly of the American sugar market by the West Indies sugarcane growers, but was the least successful of the Navigation Acts?

What debate concerned the treatment of natives of the New World, with Bartolomé de Las Casas arguing that Amerindians were creations of God and deserved the same treatment as Christian Europeans?

March to the Sea: ________'s march from Atlanta, Georgia, to Savannah, Georgia which cut off Confederate supplies received by the sea. They wanted to destroy the Southern economy and morale, leading to Southern surrender.

Who was one of the English settlers at Jamestown, married Pocahontas, and discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, making Virginia an economically successful colony?

Period of bloody conflict between Wampanoag Indians and Puritan settlers in New England (1675-1676); an example of Indian resistance to English expansion in North America is known as ________'s War.

British colonial policy during the reigns of George I and George II, characterized by relaxed supervision of internal colonial affairs by royal bureaucrats, contributed significantly to the rise of American self government. This policy is known as ________.

What disease is being described?