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WorksheetsChapter 5 part 1: Classical Athens Update
Total questions: 169
Worksheet time: 1hrs 27mins
Who was responsible for reforming the government of Athens around 508 BCE?
Draco
Solon
Cleisthenes
Pericles
What did Cleisthenes’ reforms primarily focus on?
Strengthening monarchy
Expanding democracy
Increasing military rule
Promoting trade
Cleisthenes reorganized Athens into how many tribes?
3
5
10
12
What was the purpose of the Council of 500 introduced by Cleisthenes?
To act as a royal guard
To lead armies
To propose and prepare laws
To collect taxes
What system did Cleisthenes use to prevent one man from gaining too much power?
Ostracism
Tyranny
Monarchy
Patronage
What was the term for being exiled from Athens for 10 years by popular vote?
Excommunication
Ostracism
Banishment
Suspension
Cleisthenes was opposed by which Athenian noble who invited Spartan intervention?
Isagoras
Hippias
Draco
Pericles
Which Spartan king sent troops to support Isagoras?
Cleomenes I
Leonidas
What happened after Isagoras attempted to take power with Spartan help?
He succeeded
The Athenians revolted and expelled him
Cleisthenes was executed
Sparta took control of Athens
Who was known as the “Father of History”?
Thucydides
Herodotus
Sophocles
Aristotle
What major war did Herodotus write about?
Peloponnesian War
Persian Wars
Trojan War
Punic Wars
Why was Herodotus sometimes called the “Father of Lies”?
He intentionally lied
He repeated stories without verifying
He supported Persia
He plagiarized Thucydides
Which empire ruled Ionia before the Persian Wars?
Macedonian
Roman
Persian
Egyptian
Who founded the Persian Empire?
Darius I
Cyrus the Great
Xerxes I
Cambyses II
Under which Persian king did the empire reach its greatest extent?
Cambyses II
Darius I
Xerxes I
Cyrus II
What caused the Ionian Revolt in 499 BCE?
Spartan aggression
Heavy Persian taxation
Athenian betrayal
Roman expansion
Which two mainland Greek city-states aided the Ionian Revolt?
Sparta and Thebes
Corinth and Sparta
Athens and Eretria
Delphi and Athens
What Persian city did the Ionian rebels burn?
Persepolis
Susa
Sardis
Babylon
Who crushed the Ionian Revolt?
Cyrus
Darius I
Xerxes
Cambyses
Why did Darius I launch an invasion of Greece in 490 BCE?
To protect trade
To punish Athens and Eretria
To conquer Egypt
To spread Zoroastrianism
Which battle marked the first major Persian invasion of Greece?
Salamis
Marathon
Plataea
Thermopylae
Who commanded the Athenians at Marathon?
Themistocles
Miltiades
Cimon
Pericles
What tactic did the Athenians use to win at Marathon?
Naval blockade
Envelopment
Cavalry assault
Siege
Who ran from Marathon to Athens to deliver news of victory?
Pheidippides
Leonidas
Themistocles
Pausanias
Which Persian king succeeded Darius I?
Cambyses II
Xerxes I
What was Xerxes’ main goal in invading Greece?
To punish Athens
To ally with Sparta
To colonize Egypt
To capture trade routes
Which Spartan king led the defense at Thermopylae?
Agesilaus
Leonidas
Cleomenes
Pausanias
What happened to Athens after Thermopylae?
It was surrendered peacefully
It was burned by the Persians
It was captured by Sparta
It remained untouched
Which naval battle in 480 BCE was decisive for Greece?
Mycale
Salamis
Plataea
Marathon
Who was the Athenian strategist at Salamis?
Miltiades
Themistocles
Aristides
Cimon
What was the significance of Salamis?
It destroyed the Persian navy
It captured Xerxes
It ended the war immediately
It freed Egypt
What land battle ended the Persian threat to Greece in 479 BCE?
Salamis
Marathon
Plataea
Mycale
What was the overall result of the Persian Wars?
Persian victory
Greek victory
Stalemate
Persian occupation
What did Athens use League funds for besides defense?
To build the Parthenon
To bribe Persia
To aid Sparta
To invade Rome
Which goddess was the Parthenon dedicated to?
Hera
Aphrodite
Athena
Artemis
What was the Parthenon a symbol of?
Spartan power
Athenian democracy
What new military formation helped Greeks win at Plataea?
Cavalry wedge
Phalanx
Hoplon circle
Shield wall
What is a phalanx?
A type of warship
A tightly packed infantry formation
A cavalry maneuver
A siege weapon
Which Spartan leader commanded at Plataea?
Leonidas
Pausanias
Cleomenes
Lysander
What year did the Persian Wars effectively end?
490 BCE
480 BCE
479 BCE
450 BCE
What cultural achievements did Athens fund with League tribute?
Drama, architecture, philosophy
Military training only
Agricultural expansion
Religious suppression
Which war eventually broke out between Athens and Sparta?
Persian War
Trojan War
Peloponnesian War
Punic War
How many men did Leonidas have at Thermopylae including allies?
1,000
3,000
7,000
10,000
How many Spartan soldiers fought at Thermopylae with Leonidas?
100
300
500
700
What was the main tactical advantage of the Greek position at Thermopylae?
High ground
Narrow pass
Cavalry support
Naval blockade
How did Xerxes first attack the Greek forces at Thermopylae?
Cavalry charge
Naval assault
Archers
Fire weapons
What did the Persian arrows do in the first attack at Thermopylae?
Broke through Greek armor
Forced Greek retreat
Glanced off shields and helmets
Killed Leonidas
Which Persian elite unit attacked the Greeks at Thermopylae?
The Hoplites
The Royal Guard
The Immortals
The Guardians
What did Xerxes reportedly do when his first attacks failed?
Retreated
Sent his Immortals
Negotiated peace
Burned the pass
Who betrayed the Greeks by revealing a secret path at Thermopylae?
Aristides
Ephialtes
Demaratus
Pythias
What did Leonidas do when he learned the Persians would surround them?
(a)
What was the Greek formation used to hold the pass at Thermopylae?
Testudo
Phalanx
Column
Wedge
After Thermopylae, what city did the Persians burn?
Thebes
Sparta
Athens
Corinth
Who advised the Athenians to abandon the city and fight at sea?
Aristides
Cimon
Themistocles
Pericles
Which naval battle followed the fall of Athens in 480 BCE?
Artemisium
Salamis
Plataea
Mycale
What type of ships did the Greeks primarily use at Salamis?
Biremes
Triremes
Quinqueremes
Catamarans
Why did Themistocles want to fight in the narrow straits at Salamis?
To trap the Persian fleet
To escape faster
To protect Delos
To attack the Persian land army
What trick did Themistocles use to lure Xerxes into the straits?
Sent a false messenger
Attacked at night
Bribed Persian officers
Burned his own ships
What was the outcome of the Battle of Salamis?
Persian victory
Greek victory
Stalemate
Spartan surrender
Why was Salamis a turning point in the Persian Wars?
Xerxes was captured
Persian fleet was crippled
Athens regained independence immediately
Spartans switched sides
What land battle finally ended the Persian threat in 479 BCE?
Marathon
Plataea
Mycale
Chaeronea
Who commanded the Greeks at Plataea?
Leonidas
Pausanias
Themistocles
Cimon
What was the result of Plataea?
Persia conquered Greece
Greeks drove Persians out
Athens was destroyed
Spartan defeat
What alliance was formed after the Persian Wars to protect against Persia?
Peloponnesian League
Delian League
Corinthian League
Boeotian League
What was the original purpose of the Delian League?
To fight Sparta
To defend against Persia
To colonize Sicily
To overthrow tyrants
Where was the Delian League’s treasury located at first?
Athens
Delos
Corinth
Naxos
Which city-state dominated the Delian League?
Sparta
Athens
Thebes
Corinth
What did Athens eventually do with the Delian League’s funds?
Gave them to Sparta
Built the Parthenon
Which leader oversaw the building of the Parthenon?
Pericles
Themistocles
Cimon
Aristides
The Parthenon was dedicated to which goddess?
Hera
Athena
Artemis
Aphrodite
Athens moved the Delian League treasury from Delos to where?
Corinth
Athens
Sparta
Rhodes
What was Athens accused of turning the Delian League into?
A) A democracy
B) An empire
C) A monarchy
D) A Spartan alliance
What major war eventually broke out between Athens and Sparta?
Persian War
Peloponnesian War
Trojan War
Punic War
What walls did Athens build to connect the city to its port?
Long Walls
Spartan Walls
Athenian Barricades
Defensive Ramparts
What was the strategic advantage of the Long Walls?
They kept out plague
They ensured access to the sea
They blocked Persian attacks
They allowed Sparta to trade
What was Pericles’ advice to Athens at the start of the Peloponnesian War?
Attack Sparta by land
Stay behind the walls and use the navy
Invade Persia
Abandon Attica
What gave Athens a major advantage over Sparta during the early war?
Superior cavalry
A strong navy
More allies
Better farmland
Why did Sparta fear a helot revolt?
Helots were armed
Helots outnumbered Spartans
Helots had Persian allies
Helots had ships
Pericles warned Athens that its empire was safe as long as what?
They expanded aggressively
They did not try to expand further
They surrendered to Sparta
They abandoned democracy
What type of government did Pericles claim was superior to oligarchy?
Tyranny
Democracy
Monarchy
Aristocracy
According to Pericles, what was Athens’ greatest danger?
Spartan strategy
Their own mistakes
Lack of ships
Persian return
What did Athens demand from Delian League members?
Soldiers only
Tribute in money or ships
Colonization rights
Hostages
What happened when Naxos tried to leave the Delian League?
They were allowed to go
Athens forced them back and took their fleet
Sparta defended them
Persia welcomed them
What was the result of Athens’ handling of Naxos?
It increased trust in Athens
It showed Athens’ dominance over allies
It weakened the League
It ended tribute payments
Which other League member revolted and was crushed by Athens?
Corinth
Thasos
What did Athens gain after defeating Thasos?
Control of its silver mines
A fleet of 200 ships
Spartan alliance
Tribute exemption
Who was the leading Athenian statesman before Pericles’ dominance?
Aristides
Cimon
Themistocles
Alcibiades
What policy did Cimon favor in foreign affairs?
Alliance with Sparta
War with Sparta
Neutrality
Alliance with Persia
Pericles’ domestic policy in Athens emphasized:
Expansion of monarchy
Strengthening democracy
Military dictatorship
Abandoning naval power
What pay reform did Pericles introduce?
Payment for jurors and public officials
Higher tribute from allies
Free land grants
Pay for Spartan soldiers
What was the purpose of paying jurors?
To buy votes
To allow poor citizens to participate
To bribe the rich
To fund wars
Who was the chief sculptor of the Parthenon's statue of Athena?
Myron
Phidias
Praxiteles
Polyclitus
Which great philosopher taught in Athens during its Golden Age?
Socrates
Aristotle
Plato
Heraclitus
What was Socrates known for?
Writing plays
Questioning beliefs through dialogue
Leading Athens' navy
Building temples
Which playwright wrote tragedies such as Oedipus Rex?
Aristophanes
Sophocles
Euripides
Aeschylus
Who wrote comedic plays that mocked Athenian society?
Euripides
Aristophanes
Sophocles
Herodotus
Which historian later wrote about the Peloponnesian War?
Herodotus
Thucydides
Xenophon
Polybius
What did Thucydides emphasize in his historical writing?
Legends and myths
Factual accuracy and cause-effect
Religious explanations
Humor
What building project symbolized Athens' power?
Which of the following is located in Athens?
The Colossus of Rhodes
The Parthenon
The Lighthouse of Alexandria
The Temple of Artemis
Why did some Greek city-states resent Athens?
Athens allowed Persia to return
Athens controlled the League like an empire
Athens refused to trade
Athens allied with Sparta
Which decree punished Megara and worsened tensions with Sparta?
The Delian Decree
The Megarian Decree
The Naxian Edict
The Corinthian Pact
What did the Megarian Decree do?
Banned Megara from trading in Athenian markets
Invaded Megara
Gave Megara tribute
Allied with Megara
Which city-state led the Peloponnesian League?
Corinth
Thebes
Sparta
Delphi
What was Sparta’s government primarily?
Monarchy
Oligarchy
Democracy
Tyranny
What did Sparta fear about Athens’ growing power?
Naval raids on Sparta itself
Loss of their helots to Athens
Persians supporting Athens
Decline of farming
What sparked the Peloponnesian War in 431 BCE?
Persian invasion
Athens’ aggressive policies toward allies
Spartan attack on Athens first
Helot rebellion in Messenia
What strategy did Pericles recommend at the war’s start?
Attack Sparta’s land army
Avoid land battles and rely on the navy
Abandon Attica
Seek Persian aid
What eventually undermined Athens during the war?
Spartan wealth
Plague and internal conflict
Persian conquest of Attica
Loss of Marathon
What was Athens’ greatest military strength?
Cavalry
Navy
Hoplite infantry
Siege engines
What was Sparta’s greatest military strength?
Navy
Hoplite infantry
Cavalry
Archers
What legacy did the Persian Wars leave for Greece?
Persian control of Greece
Confidence and cultural flourishing
Decline of Athens
Rise of monarchy
What legacy did the Delian League leave for Athens?
Military weakness
A maritime empire
Dependence on Sparta
Alliance with Persia
What was the main cause of Greek division after the Persian Wars?
Religion
Rivalry between Athens and Sparta
Persian alliances
Geography alone
What did Athens’ empire fund besides war?
Literature, philosophy, and art
Private estates for generals
Tribute to Persia
Slave revolts
Which period in Athens is known as its “Golden Age”?
700–600 BCE
480–404 BCE
323–146 BCE
146–31 BCE
Who was the central figure of Athens’ Golden Age?
Socrates
Pericles
What term describes Athens’ transformation of the Delian League into its own empire?
Imperialism
Democracy
Monarchy
Tyranny
Which two wars defined Classical Greece’s history?
Trojan and Persian
Persian and Peloponnesian
Punic and Macedonian
Messenian and Sicilian
What symbolized Athens’ transformation of the Delian League into an empire?
Moving the treasury to Athens
Building Corinthian ships
The Spartan alliance
Abandoning democracy
What great building did Pericles have built?
Parthenon
Empire State Building
What was common in Greek theaters regarding myths?
They were always historically accurate
They constantly changed from generation to generation
They were only written by one playwright
They focused on Roman history
What were the Greek drama competitions in Athens called?
Olympic Drama Games
Panathnaic Festival of Athens
Greek Comedy Festival
Theater Olympics
Which of the following is NOT a type of Greek play?
Satyr plays
Comedies
Tragedies
Epics
When were the first known Satyr plays performed?
499–496 BC
486 BC
472 BC
525–455 BC
What is a lampoon?
A type of tragedy
Criticism using ridicule or sarcasm
A moral hero
A Greek festival
What does reducto ad absurdum mean?
A reduction to absurdity
A Greek comedy festival
What is the first step in reducto ad absurdum?
Break an idea down to basic form
Take a common idea you find stupid
Ignore the chorus
Ridicule the gods
What is Greek comedy described as in relation to religion?
A form of political debate
A form of Greek religion
Pure entertainment with no moral aspect
An imitation of tragedies
When was the first known Greek tragedy performed?
486 BC
472 BC
499–496 BC
525–455 BC
What is hubris?
Excessive pride
A type of Greek chorus
Comic relief
A Greek festival
What does the chorus do in Greek tragedies?
Acts as the hero's moral compass
Only provides comic relief
Plays the hero
Writes the tragedy
How does Greek tragedy differ from Greek comedy?
Comedy is moral, tragedy is ridiculous
Comedy is ridiculous, tragedy is serious
Both are moral but comedy is longer
Both are comic but tragedy is darker
Who was the first of the three great tragedians?
Sophocles
Euripides
Aeschylus
Aristophanes
What was Agamemnon’s tragic flaw?
Hubris leading him to sacrifice his daughter
Ignoring the chorus
Being too humble
Killing his mother
What lesson is taught by the story of Orestes and Clytemnestra?
Take justice into your own hands
Avoid killing your own family
Ignore the trial
Hubris is admirable
How many plays did Sophocles write?
70
123
7
100
Which play by Sophocles has influenced Western drama for a millennium?
Antigone
Oedipus the King
What was the festival in Athens where playwrights competed?
City Dionia
Panathenaic Festival
Theater Olympics
Greek Comedy Festival
What does “Edipus Tyrannis” mean?
Edipus the King
Edipus the Tyrant
Edipus the Hero
Edipus the Sinner
Why did Oedipus flee to Thebes?
To compete in a drama festival
To escape a prophecy that he would kill his father and marry his mother
To avenge his father
To marry Jocasta
What horrifying truth does the shepherd confirm to Edipus?
He killed the old king
He was adopted
He will become king of Corinth
He is a god
How does Edipus respond to the revelation of his shame?
He flees the city
He commits suicide
He gouges his own eyes out
He kills the shepherd
How did Sophocles rank in the City Dionia competition with Edipus the King?
First place
Second place
Third place
Fourth place
Who was Aristotle?
A) A playwright
B) A philosopher
C) A king of Athens
D) A Greek soldier
What concept did Aristotle call “unity of plot”?
A play having multiple endings
A tightly sequenced series of events in real time
A play with comic relief
A play using flashbacks
Who is Antigony?
King of Athens
Daughter of Edipus
Wife of Jason
Priestess of Dionisis
Why does King Crayon forbid the burial of Polynisces?
He was a hero
He was a traitor
He was too young
He was king
What does Antigony defy in burying her brother?
The gods
The city law
Her mother’s orders
Her own conscience
Who is Uripides?
A poet
A tragic playwright
A historian
A philosopher
What motivates Medea’s actions in her play?
Desire for power
Romantic betrayal
Religious duty
Political ambition
The result of Penthus’ pride in Bakai is:
He is punished by the gods.
He becomes a wise ruler.
He wins the favor of the people.
He gains immortality.
A) He becomes king B) He gains the favor of the gods C) He dies horribly D) He defeats the new god
He becomes king
He gains the favor of the gods
He dies horribly
He defeats the new god
What effect did Athenian theater have on Athenian culture?
It maintained outdated traditions
It created and updated morals
It encouraged political rebellion
It focused only on religion
Why did Pericles call Athens the “school of Hellas”?
Its architecture
Its art and philosophy
Its system of government
Its military strength
What reforms did Pericles implement to expand democracy?
Only the wealthy could vote
Paying jurors and covering festival admission
Abolishing public festivals
Reducing citizen participation
What caused tension between Athens and Sparta?
A) Athens tried to poach Sparta’s allies
B) Sparta conquered Athens
C) Athens refused to pay tribute
D) Sparta invaded Corinth
Who were the Helots?
Spartan citizens
Athenian soldiers
Spartan slaves
Greek philosophers
What was the Megarian Decree issued by Pericles in 432 B.C.E.?
A law to allow Megarian merchants more access to Athens
A decree cutting off Megarian merchants from Athenian markets
A declaration of war against Sparta
A reform of Athenian democracy
What were some possible reasons for the Megarian Decree?
A) Megarians supported Corinth against Athens
B) Athens wanted more trade with Sparta
What was the outcome of Pericles’ sanctions against Megara?
Immediate peace with Sparta
A broader conflict that led to the Peloponnesian War
Athens losing control of its empire
Persia joining the Athenian side
How did the Spartans initially respond to Athens’ growing power?
They sent ambassadors to negotiate peace
They burned Athenian fields in retaliation
They joined Athens in military campaigns
They ignored Athens
Why did Athens build the Long Walls connecting the city to the port of Piraeus?
To act like an island and avoid land battles with Sparta
To defend against Persian invasions
To connect Athens with Corinth
To provide housing for merchants
What strategic advantage did Athens’ navy provide over Sparta’s army?
Allowed Athens to invade Persia
Enabled Athens to fight on land more effectively
Provided speed and mobility, striking anywhere at any time
Allowed Athens to build more walls
Why was the Athenian navy especially dangerous to Sparta?
It could transport Greek philosophers safely
It could disrupt Sparta while Helot slaves were on the brink of revolt
It allowed Athens to control Macedonia
It destroyed Spartan ships in harbor
What did Athens rely on to maintain its power and riches?
A) Tribute from Macedonia alone
B) Trade, allies, and mercenaries
C) Land battles in Sparta
D) Military conquest of Persia
According to Pericles, what moral advantage did Athens have?
Its superior army
Its democratic government, where citizens elect leaders and vote
Its geographic location
Its alliances with Persia and Macedonia
What warning did Pericles give about democracy?
That citizens should never vote
That the system is always perfect
That overconfidence in its goodness can lead to mistakes
That Sparta might copy it
How did Pericles propose Athens respond to Sparta without starting a war?
By surrendering allies to Sparta
By giving allies independence when Sparta does, and resisting force if compelled
By attacking Corinth directly
By abandoning the empire
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