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Study Guide in Physical Science —First Semester

Total questions: 76

Worksheet time: 38mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Choose the letter of the term or phrase that correctly completes the statement. On which points on the graph is water increasing in temperature? The graph titled State Changes of Water plots Temperature (°C) versus Heat (kJ) and shows segments labeled f, g, h, and k.

a)

F and G

b)

G and K

c)

F, G, H, and K

d)

F and H

2.

Choose the letter of the term or phrase that correctly completes the statement. On which points on the graph is the water changing state? The graph titled State Changes of Water plots Temperature (°C) versus Heat (kJ) and shows segments labeled f, g, h, and k.

a)

F and G

b)

G and K

c)

F and H

d)

F, G, H, and K

3.

Choose the letter of the term or phrase that correctly completes the statement. Which of these is likely to have matter in a plasma state?

a)

incandescent light

b)

microwave oven

c)

lightning

d)

steam

4.

Choose the letter of the term or phrase that correctly completes the statement. Based on the law of conservation of mass, which of these is a true statement?

a)

The mass of the products is always greater than the mass of the materials which react in a chemical change.

b)

The mass of the products is always less than the mass of the materials which react in a chemical change.

c)

Matter is neither lost nor gained during a chemical change.

d)

A certain mass of material must be present for a reaction to occur.

5.

Choose the letter of the term or phrase that correctly completes the statement. Three examples of physical changes are

a)

sawing wood, crushing a can, and burning a marshmallow

b)

burning of gasoline, rotting an egg, and exploding fireworks

c)

freezing of water, evaporation of gasoline, and rusting of a nail

d)

boiling of water, blowing up a balloon, and melting a candle

6.

Classify the following as a chemical change (A) or a physical change (B): Chopping wood.

a)

Chemical change

b)

Physical change

7.

Classify the following as a chemical change (A) or a physical change (B): Burning wood.

a)

Chemical change

b)

Physical change

8.

Classify the following as a chemical change (A) or a physical change (B): Ice cube melting.

a)

Chemical change

b)

Physical change

9.

Classify the following as a chemical change (A) or a physical change (B): Steam from a shower.

a)

Chemical change

b)

Physical change

10.

Classify the following as a chemical change (A) or a physical change (B): A bike rusting.

a)

Chemical change

b)

Physical change

11.

What is the correct formula for magnesium nitrate?

a)

MgNO3

b)

Mg2NO3

c)

Mg(NO3)2

d)

Mg2(NO3)2

12.

What is the name of the compound with the formula NaCl?

a)

sodium chloride

b)

chlorine sodiate

c)

sodium dichloride

d)

sodium chlorate

13.

What is the name of a binary compound made up of lithium and chlorine?

a)

chloride lithium

b)

lithium chlorate

c)

lithium chloride

d)

chlorine lithiate

14.

The name given to the number of electrons an atom gains, loses, or shares is the ______.

a)

ionic number

b)

atomic number

c)

oxidation number

d)

atomic mass

15.

What is the charge of phosphate in K3PO4K_3PO_4 ?

a)

3−3-

b)

1+1+

c)

5+5+

d)

7−7-

16.

How many electrons are needed in the outer energy levels of most atoms for the atom to be chemically stable?

a)

2

b)

4

c)

6

d)

8

17.

How many electrons are required to complete the outer energy level of a phosphorus atom?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

18.

When a group 7 element reacts with a group 1 element, what is the effect on the group 1 atom?

a)

It becomes negatively charged.

b)

It shares its electron with the other atom.

c)

It forms a double bond.

d)

It becomes positively charged.

19.

Which pair of atoms will combine with each other and form an ionic bond?

a)

C and O

b)

C and H

c)

Ca and Mg

d)

Ca and Br

20.

What kind of chemical bond is formed when electrons are transferred from atom to atom?

a)

ionic

b)

covalent

c)

magnetic

d)

hydrate

21.

Anions are formed by

a)

Gaining electrons

b)

Losing electrons

c)

Sharing electrons

d)

None of the above

22.

Which of these elements is most likely to form an ionic bond with potassium? The diagram shows electron dot structures labeled P, S, Cl, and Ar, each with different numbers of valence electrons.

a)

Argon

b)

Chlorine

c)

Phosphorus

d)

Sulfur

23.

How many hydrogen atoms are present in one molecule of ammonium acetate, NH4C2H3O2\mathrm{NH_4C_2H_3O_2} ?

a)

3

b)

4

c)

7

d)

11

24.

The chemical formula for sucrose is C12H22O11\mathrm{C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}} . How many oxygen atoms are there in each molecule of sucrose?

a)

12

b)

22

c)

11

d)

1

25.

Covalent compounds are those formed between elements that are metals. Choose the correction that makes the statement true.

a)

between nonmetals

b)

between metals

c)

between a metal and a nonmetal

d)

between noble gases only

26.

Select the correct name for N2O\mathrm{N_2O} .

a)

dinitrogen oxide

b)

dinitrogen monoxide

c)

nitrogen dioxide

d)

nitrogen oxide

27.

Select the correct name for NO\mathrm{NO} .

a)

nitrogen oxide

b)

nitrogen monoxide

c)

nitrogen dioxide

d)

dinitrogen oxide

28.

Select the correct name for NO2\mathrm{NO_2} .

a)

nitrogen monoxide

b)

nitrogen dioxide

c)

dinitrogen oxide

d)

nitrogen oxide

29.

Select the correct name for H2O\mathrm{H_2O} .

a)

hydrogen dioxide

b)

dihydrogen monoxide

c)

dinitrogen monoxide

d)

water dioxide

30.

What is the difference between carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide?

a)

Carbon monoxide has only one oxygen atom.

b)

Carbon dioxide has two carbon atoms.

c)

Carbon monoxide has two carbon atoms.

d)

Carbon dioxide has only one oxygen atom.

31.

In a covalent bond, electrons are ______.

a)

Lost

b)

gained

c)

shared

d)

destroyed

32.

How are ionic and covalent bonds different?

a)

In an ionic bond electrons are shared, in a covalent bond electron transfer occurs.

b)

In a covalent bond, electrons are shared; in an ionic bond electron transfer occurs.

c)

Ionic bonds are always between two metals; covalent bonds are not.

d)

Ionic bonds are always nonpolar and covalent bonds are sometimes polar and sometimes nonpolar.

33.

Which process is taking place in the diagram that shows two chlorine atoms sharing a pair of electrons to form Cl2\mathrm{Cl_2} ?

a)

Electron transfer

b)

Electron sharing

c)

Electron gain

d)

Electron loss

34.

Which formula represents a substance that contains covalent bonds?

a)

LiCl

b)

CaCl 2_2

c)

K 2_2 O

d)

CO 2_2

35.

Which of the following is an example of a molecule?

a)

H 2_2 O

b)

NaF

c)

Mg 3_3 N 2_2

d)

All of the above are molecules

36.

Is a molecule of hydrogen chloride (HCl) polar or nonpolar?

a)

Polar

b)

nonpolar

c)

both

d)

neither

37.

This could be the electron dot diagram of the element shown, which has seven valence electrons around the symbol.

a)

Mg

b)

Cl

c)

O

d)

Ba

38.

Based on the bar graph titled Densities of Common Liquids comparing oil, water, corn syrup, and orange juice by density (g/mL), which statement is true?

a)

Corn syrup has the highest density of the liquids shown.

b)

Corn syrup will dissolve in water.

c)

Corn syrup and orange juice have nearly the same density.

d)

Water will float on top of oil.

39.

What type of graph is shown in the figure labeled How Much Water Do We Use? with segments such as Toilet 26.7%, Clothes Washer 21.7%, Shower 16.8%, Faucet 15.7%, Leaks 13.7%, and Other 5.3%.

a)

Bar graph

b)

Circle graph

c)

Line graph

d)

Cannot be determined

40.

The base unit of mass in the SI system is the blank.

a)

Gram

b)

Mole

c)

Kilogram

d)

Pound

41.

A box is 1 m high, 2.5 m long, and 1.5 m wide. What is its volume?

a)

3.75 m33.75\ \mathrm{m^3}

b)

5 cm35\ \mathrm{cm^3}

c)

3.75 cm33.75\ \mathrm{cm^3}

d)

5 m35\ \mathrm{m^3}

42.

What is the value of 32° Fahrenheit in Celsius?

a)

1.8∘C1.8^\circ\mathrm{C}

b)

32∘C32^\circ\mathrm{C}

c)

0∘C0^\circ\mathrm{C}

d)

58∘C58^\circ\mathrm{C}

43.

An explanation based on knowledge gained from many experiments is called a blank.

a)

Theory

b)

Conclusion

c)

Hypothesis

d)

Scientific law

44.

Mr. Alicea’s class is measuring the density of a tennis ball. A scale shows a reading for the ball’s mass. What additional information do the students need to find the ball’s density?

a)

Mass

b)

Temperature

c)

Volume

d)

Weight

45.

To determine the boiling point of an unknown liquid, a student heats 10 mL of the liquid in a test tube and records the temperature every minute for 20 minutes. In this example, time is the blank.

a)

Control

b)

Dependent variable

c)

Independent variable

d)

Hypothesis

46.

In a controlled experiment, the single factor manipulated by the researcher is the ___________variable and the responding factor that is measured is the __________________ variable.

a)

Controlled, common

b)

Controlled, uncontrolled

c)

Dependent, independent

d)

Independent, dependent

47.

In science, activities that test the validity of theories are called blank.

a)

Experiments

b)

Hypotheses

c)

Variables

d)

Controls

48.

Blank is a process that uses observation and investigation to gain knowledge about the regularities in nature.

a)

Measurement

b)

Science

c)

Graphing

d)

Hypothesizing

49.

_________________science deals with matter and energy.

a)

Life

b)

Physical

c)

Earth

d)

Social

50.

An element with 5 protons, 6 neutrons, and 8 electrons has an atomic number of blank.

a)

5

b)

6

c)

8

d)

11

51.

A certain atom has 26 protons, 26 electrons, and 30 neutrons. Its mass number is blank.

a)

26

b)

30

c)

52

d)

56

52.

Hydrogen has three naturally occurring isotopes. Which statement correctly describes the relationship among these isotopes?

a)

Different mass, different atomic number

b)

Same mass, different atomic number

c)

Different mass, same atomic number

d)

Same mass, same atomic number

53.

The atomic number of manganese is 25 and its mass number is 55. How many neutrons are in the nucleus of a manganese atom?

a)

25

b)

30

c)

55

d)

80

54.

Which of the following best describes the three general groups of elements?

a)

Metals, metalloids, and synthetics

b)

Solid, liquid, and gas

c)

Metals, nonmetals, and noble gases

d)

Metals, metalloids, and nonmetals

55.

Elements in groups 3 through 12 are called blank.

a)

Transition metals

b)

Alkali metals

c)

Halogens

d)

Noble gases

56.

Which of the following is the correct chemical symbol for carbon?

a)

Ca

b)

Crbn

c)

Car

d)

C

57.

Atoms of elements in the same group of the periodic table share the same

a)

number of energy levels

b)

number of valence electrons

c)

atomic numbers

d)

atomic masses

58.

The number of which type of particle determines the identity of an element?

a)

Electrons

b)

neutrons

c)

protons

d)

photons

59.

Scientists have broken down protons and neutrons into smaller particles called ________.

a)

Vacuoles

b)

quarks

c)

isotopes

d)

nuclei

60.

Electrons have ______ charge.

a)

positive

b)

negative

c)

variable

d)

no

61.

What is an atom’s nucleus made of?

a)

protons and electrons

b)

protons and neutrons

c)

protons only

d)

neutrons only

62.

Atoms of elements in the same group of the periodic table share the same

a)

number of energy levels

b)

number of valence electrons

c)

atomic numbers

d)

atomic masses

63.

Who performed the Gold Foil experiment and allowed him to discover that the nucleus was the positively charged center of the atom surround by negatively charged electrons?

a)

Democritus

b)

Dalton

c)

Dmitri Mendeleev

d)

Ernest Rutherford

64.

Which of the following models of the atom reflects the unpredictable motion of the electron?

a)

electron cloud

b)

solid ball the same throughout

c)

ball of raisin-cookie dough with raising representing electrons

d)

small ball within a large shell containing empty space

65.

A balloon is squeezed, causing the pressure on the gas inside to increase. As a result, the balloon’s volume gets smaller, but the temperature stays the same. Which gas law describes this?

a)

Boyle’s Law

b)

Charles’s Law

c)

Dalton’s Law

d)

Ideal Gas Law

66.

A hot air balloon rises because the air inside the balloon expands when heated, increasing its volume. Which gas law explains this?

a)

Boyle’s Law

b)

Charles’s Law

c)

Gay-Lussac’s Law

d)

Avogadro’s Law

67.

A scuba diver notices that as she goes deeper underwater, the pressure on her air tank increases and the volume of air inside the tank decreases. Which gas law explains this situation?

a)

Charles’s Law

b)

Boyle’s Law

c)

Gay-Lussac’s Law

d)

Avogadro’s Law

68.

A balloon is taken outside on a cold day, and it shrinks because the gas inside cools down and its volume decreases. Which gas law describes this?

a)

Boyle’s Law

b)

Charles’s Law

c)

Dalton’s Law

d)

Ideal Gas Law

69.

What causes water molecules to stick together, creating surface tension?

a)

Ionic bonds

b)

Covalent bonds

c)

Hydrogen bonds

d)

Metallic bonds

70.

You notice that after a cold night, the ice on a pond floats on top of the water instead of sinking. Why does this happen?

a)

Ice is heavier than water

b)

Ice has a lower density than liquid water

c)

Ice melts quickly in sunlight

d)

Ice is warmer than water

71.

When you heat a pot of water, it takes a long time to boil compared to other liquids. What property of water explains this?

a)

Low surface tension

b)

High specific heat capacity

c)

Low density

d)

High vapor pressure

72.

You add sugar to a glass of water, and it dissolves completely. What property of water allows this to happen?

a)

Water’s polarity and ability to act as a solvent

b)

Water’s surface tension

c)

Water’s density

d)

Water’s boiling point

73.

After watering your plants, you notice water droplets sticking to the leaves instead of running off immediately. Which property of water causes this?

a)

Adhesion (water sticking to other surfaces)

b)

Cohesion (water sticking to itself)

c)

High boiling point

d)

Low density

74.

What is the freezing point of water on the Celsius scale?

a)

0°C

b)

32°C

c)

100°C

d)

-273°C

75.

The following are chemical properties of matter except:

a)

Flammability

b)

Reactivity with acid

c)

Density

d)

Ability to rust

76.

The following are physical properties of matter except:

a)

Solubility

b)

Texture

c)

Shape

d)

Ability to rust

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