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ES 1 First Semester Review

Total questions: 140

Worksheet time: 1hrs 12mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

1. The type of rock formed from cooling Lava is:

a)

Sedimentary rock

b)

Igneous rock

c)

Metamorphic rock

d)

Limestone

2.

Which type of rock is formed from the leftover pieces of organisms (like shell pieces) that are cemented together?

a)

Igneous rock

b)

Sedimentary rock

c)

Metamorphic rock

d)

Volcanic rock

3.

The general term for an intrusion of magma into other rock layers that later cools into igneous rock is called:

a)

Sill

b)

Dyke

c)

Batholith

d)

Laccolith

4.

Bituminous Coal is an example of which type of rock?

a)

Igneous rock

b)

Sedimentary rock

c)

Metamorphic rock

d)

Volcanic rock

5.

6. The type of rock formed from the smallest (silt sized) pieces of rock that are cemented together is:

a)

Sandstone

b)

Conglomerate

c)

Shale

d)

Limestone

6.

Pumice is an example of which type of rock?

a)

Sedimentary rock

b)

Igneous rock

c)

Metamorphic rock

d)

Limestone

7.

Which type of metamorphic rock would have Limestone as a parent rock?

a)

Marble

b)

Slate

c)

Quartzite

d)

Schist

8.

10. Based on the picture, what type of igneous rock do you think this would be?

a)

Granite

b)

Basalt

c)

Obsidian

d)

Pumice

9.

The difference between Breccia and Conglomerate is:

a)

Breccia has angular fragments, while Conglomerate has rounded fragments.

b)

Breccia and Conglomerate both have rounded fragments.

c)

Breccia is formed from volcanic activity, while Conglomerate is formed from sedimentary processes.

d)

Breccia contains only organic material, while Conglomerate contains minerals.

10.

12. The type of rock that has a high concentration of Iron and Magnesium, giving them a darker color, is:

a)

Sedimentary rock

b)

Igneous rock

c)

Metamorphic rock

d)

Basaltic rock

11.

What type of rock is formed from other rocks that come into contact with heat from Magma?

a)

Sedimentary rock

b)

Igneous rock

c)

Metamorphic rock

d)

Volcanic rock

12.

Part of an explosive eruption that hurls ash, gases, cinders, and bombs from the main vent. These then rush down the side of the volcano at high speeds.

a)

Pyroclastic flow

b)

Lava flow

c)

Crater formation

d)

Magma chamber

13.

An opening in the volcano through which the lava flows is called:

a)

Crater

b)

Vent

c)

Magma chamber

d)

Caldera

14.

This common type of volcano is made up of alternating layers of ash and lava.

a)

Stratovolcano (or composite volcano)

b)

Shield volcano

c)

Cinder cone volcano

d)

Lava dome

15.

One of the defining features of a shield volcano is:

a)

its broad, gently sloping sides

b)

its steep, conical shape

c)

its explosive eruptions

d)

its formation from pyroclastic material

16.

This formation is left over from an extinct volcano. The rock around the magma chamber has all eroded away leaving behind a igneous pluton shaped like the interior of the volcano. What do we call these?

a)

Volcanic neck (or Volcanic plug)

b)

Batholith

c)

Laccolith

d)

Sill

17.

Which of the following is NOT a property of all minerals?

a)

Naturally occurring

b)

Inorganic

c)

Solid

d)

Organic origin

e)

Liquid state

18.

Which mineral has a Mohs hardness of 7?

a)

Quartz

b)

Calcite

c)

Gypsum

d)

Fluorite

19.

Which mineral is known as 'Fools Gold'?

a)

Pyrite

b)

Quartz

c)

Calcite

d)

Galena

20.

Which mineral can be scratched easily with a fingernail?

a)

Alabaster Gypsum or Satin Spar Gypsum

b)

Quartz

c)

Feldspar

d)

Calcite

21.

Which mineral has a metallic luster and a black streak?

a)

Magnetite or Graphite

b)

Quartz

c)

Calcite

d)

Gypsum

22.

Which mineral is the 'lead' in pencils?

a)

Graphite

b)

Quartz

c)

Talc

d)

Gypsum

23.

If you have a mineral sample that is banded with different colors, which mineral is it most likely?

a)

Quartz

b)

Calcite

c)

Halite

d)

Gneiss

24.

If you have purple minerals that looks a little glassy and can scratch glass, which mineral is it?

a)

Quartz

b)

Calcite

c)

Gypsum

d)

Fluorite

25.

The hardest mineral in this sample is:

a)

Diamond

b)

Quartz

c)

Calcite

d)

Gypsum

26.

If there is a sample that breaks into sheets, which mineral is it most likely?

a)

Mica

b)

Quartz

c)

Calcite

d)

Feldspar

27.

Which mineral is white, can be scratched with a fingernail and bubbles with acid?

a)

Calcite

b)

Quartz

c)

Gypsum

d)

Halite

28.

Quartz only has one color.

a)

True

b)

False

29.

The most common minerals on earth are the ____________.

a)

Silicates.

b)

Oxides.

c)

Sulfides.

d)

Carbonates.

30.

A fracture is:

a)

a break in a bone

b)

a clean break along a smooth, flat plane in a mineral

c)

an irregular break in random patterns in a mineral

d)

a joint dislocation

31.

The least reliable property used to identify a mineral is:

a)

Color

b)

Hardness

c)

Streak

d)

Cleavage

32.

When identifying minerals, ______ can be tested by scratching the surface with different materials such as your fingernail or a coin.

a)

Hardness.

b)

Color.

c)

Luster.

d)

Streak.

33.

What do we call it when a mineral breaks in a way that does NOT produce a flat surface?

a)

Cleavage

b)

Fracture

c)

Luster

d)

Streak

34.

The best way to distinguish muscovite and biotite mica is:

a)

By their color, with muscovite being light-colored and biotite being dark-colored.

b)

By their crystal shape, with muscovite forming cubes and biotite forming spheres.

c)

By their reaction to acid, with muscovite fizzing and biotite remaining unchanged.

d)

By their magnetic properties, with muscovite being magnetic and biotite non-magnetic.

35.

At a convergent boundary between two pieces of continental crust, which geologic feature/event would you most likely find?

a)

Mountain range formation

b)

Mid-ocean ridge

c)

Volcanic island arc

d)

Oceanic trench

36.

A Plate Boundary where two plates move toward each other is called a ____________.

a)

Convergent boundary.

b)

Divergent boundary.

c)

Transform boundary.

d)

Passive boundary.

37.

When volcanoes erupt in Hawaii, they sometimes include foreign rocks called Xenoliths. These Xenoliths are much older than the basalt they are found in. Scientists use which “principle” to know that they are older?

a)

Principle of Inclusions

b)

Principle of Superposition

c)

Principle of Original Horizontality

d)

Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships

38.

The ERA dominated by Dinosaurs was:

a)

Cenozoic

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Paleozoic

d)

Precambrian

39.

Which PERIOD is closest to today?

a)

Cenozoic

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Paleozoic

d)

Precambrian

40.

The current ERA began how many million years ago?

a)

66 million years ago

b)

145 million years ago

c)

252 million years ago

d)

23 million years ago

41.

During which ERA did we see mammals rise to prominence?

a)

Mesozoic Era

b)

Cenozoic Era

c)

Paleozoic Era

d)

Precambrian Era

42.

In a closed system, the only thing that can enter or leave is what?

a)

Energy

b)

Matter

c)

Light

d)

Sound

43.

Several ways that Carbon (C) enters our atmosphere include:

a)

Burning fossil fuels, respiration, volcanic eruptions, and deforestation.

b)

Photosynthesis, precipitation, and condensation.

c)

Absorption by oceans, formation of rocks, and plant growth.

d)

Evaporation, melting ice, and mineral deposition.

44.

A canyon that is formed when rocky ground is eroded by a river is an example of an interaction between what two spheres of earth?

a)

Hydrosphere and Geosphere

b)

Atmosphere and Biosphere

c)

Biosphere and Geosphere

d)

Atmosphere and Hydrosphere

45.

What would happen to the climate if Earth took in more energy than it released?

a)

The climate would get warmer.

b)

The climate would get colder.

c)

The climate would stay the same.

d)

The climate would become more humid.

46.

What is the primary source of energy on the Earth?

a)

The Sun

b)

The Moon

c)

Wind

d)

Coal

47.

Which sphere are you a part of?

a)

Biosphere

b)

Hydrosphere

c)

Atmosphere

d)

Lithosphere

48.

What do we call an orderly sequence of events that repeat themselves?

a)

Cycle

b)

Pattern

c)

Chain

d)

Series

49.

The lava from a volcano destroying a nearby forest is an example of an interaction between which two spheres?

a)

Geosphere and Biosphere

b)

Atmosphere and Hydrosphere

c)

Biosphere and Atmosphere

d)

Hydrosphere and Geosphere

50.

A beaker of water is heated over a laboratory burner. Is this an example of a closed system or an open system?

a)

Open system

b)

Closed system

c)

Isolated system

d)

Adiabatic system

51.

A test tube containing plant material and water is sealed and left in sunlight. Is this an example of an Open or Closed system?

a)

Closed system

b)

Open system

c)

Isolated system

d)

Dynamic system

52.

A representation of an object, process or phenomenon called?

a)

Model

b)

Theory

c)

Experiment

d)

Hypothesis

53.

One reason that Earth is not an entirely closed system is:

a)

energy from the Sun enters the Earth system

b)

no matter ever leaves the Earth system

c)

Earth does not interact with space

d)

Earth receives no energy from outside sources

54.

The Carbon (C) or Nitrogen (N) cycles are examples of what type of “cycle”?

a)

Biogeochemical cycle

b)

Physical cycle

c)

Hydrological cycle

d)

Atmospheric cycle

55.

Which type of rock forms from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath the Earth's surface?

a)

Extrusive igneous rock

b)

Intrusive igneous rock

c)

Sedimentary rock

d)

Metamorphic rock

56.

What is the main cause of earthquakes along transform plate boundaries?

a)

Volcanic eruptions

b)

Plates moving apart and creating new crust

c)

Plates colliding and forming mountains

d)

Plates sliding past each other

57.

Which mineral is the softest on the Mohs hardness scale?

a)

Gypsum

b)

Quartz

c)

Talc

d)

Calcite

58.

Which process is responsible for the formation of sedimentary rocks?

a)

Melting and cooling of magma

b)

Heat and pressure on existing rocks

c)

Evaporation of seawater

d)

Compaction and cementation of sediments

59.

What is the main mineral component of granite?

a)

Quartz

b)

Calcite

c)

Gypsum

d)

Halite

60.

Which type of plate boundary is most likely to produce earthquakes?

a)

Transform plate boundary

b)

Divergent plate boundary

c)

Subduction zone

d)

Convergent plate boundary

61.

Which of the following processes is NOT involved in the formation of minerals?

a)

Crystallization from magma

b)

Precipitation from solution

c)

Photosynthesis

d)

Metamorphism

62.

What is a mineral?

a)

A liquid found naturally in the earth

b)

A solid, natural substance where all the atoms are arranged in order

c)

A synthetic compound

d)

A type of plant

63.
By definition, a mineral has which of the following characteristic(s)?
a)
definite chemical composition
b)
crystal structure
c)
naturally occuring
d)
all of the above
64.

Which map shows a mountain?

a)
b)
c)
d)
65.

Lines that show areas that have the same elevation

a)

Aging Lines

b)

Check Out Lines

c)

Contour Lines

d)

Waiting Lines

66.

The distance between contour lines, representing the difference in elevation between points

a)

Contour Grace

b)

Contour Lines

c)

Contour Discipline

d)

Contour Interval

67.

Close contour lines indicate

a)

steep slope

b)

gradual slope

68.

Match the topographic map to its profile.

a)
b)
c)
d)
69.

Convergent Plate Movement can create

a)

Rifts

b)

Ocean Ridges

c)

Mountains

d)

Radiation

70.

Divergent Plate movement can create

a)

Convection Currents

b)

Mountains

c)

Conduction

d)

Ocean Ridges and Rift Valleys

71.

Which is caused by a divergent boundary.

a)

Rocky Mountains

b)

Mariana Trench

c)

Mid Atlantic ridge

d)

Yellowstone

72.

Which of the following is where one plate slides under another plate?

a)

loading zone

b)

divergence zone

c)

subduction zone

d)

lower zone

73.

Most geologists think that the movement of Earth’s plates is caused by _______

a)

convection.

b)

continental drift.

c)

subduction.

d)

conduction.

74.

The hypothesis that the continents have not always been in their present locations but have moved there over millions of years

a)

Continental Drift

b)

Relative Dating

c)

Gravity

d)

Lystrasaurus

75.

In some areas of the world, like California and Japan, earthquakes are a common occurrence. How can this best be explained?

a)

The strong ocean currents are undermining both areas causing earthquakes.

b)

Both areas are located near the edge of the Pacific Ocean, the unstable sand causes earthquakes.

c)

Both areas are subjected to strong ocean wind and waves that causes earthquakes.

d)

Both areas are on the boundary of active plates, the motion of the plates causes earthquakes.

76.

The area around the pacific plate where boundaries form is called...

a)

danger zone

b)

fire zone

c)

ring of fire

d)

zone of fire

77.

The Himalayas in Asia are an example of what type of plate boundary?

a)

divergent

b)

continent-to-continent convergent

c)

ocean-to-continent convergent

d)

transform

78.

What geologic feature/event would you most likely to find at a convergent boundary between two pieces of continental crust?

a)

Volcano

b)

Mountain

c)

Rift

d)

Island Arc

79.

The most destructive type of Earthquake wave is a ___________.

a)

P-wave

b)

S-wave

c)

Surface wave

d)

transverse wave

80.

Which is the fastest type of seismic wave?

a)

p-waves

b)

s-waves

c)

Surface Waves

d)

Tubular Waves

81.

What is a large ocean wave that results from an underwater earthquake, landslide, or volcanic eruption?

a)

Aftershock

b)

Liquefaction

c)

Seismic Gap

d)

Tsunami

82.

What is the temporary state in which loose soil and rock materials take on the property of quicksand?

a)

Aftershock

b)

Liquefaction

c)

Seismic Gap

d)

Tsunami

83.

Earthquakes happen every day. Most are too small for humans to notice.

a)

True

b)

False

84.

What is the minimum number of seismograph stations needed to locate an earthquake epicenter?

a)

2

b)

3

c)

5

d)

Only 1

85.

Which of the following things was NOT a piece of evidence that Wegner had at his disposal when he suggested the concept of moving continents?

a)

Matching Fossils

b)

Matching Shorelines

c)

Matching Mountain Ranges

d)

Matching Magnetic Banding in the Seafloor

86.

What was the major technological development that allowed for the theory of plate tectonics?

a)

Hand drawn maps of coastlines

b)

Sonar Mapping of the Seafloor

c)

Volcano Mapping

d)

Satellite images showing continents moving in herds

87.

Why did the fact that there were fossils of plants and reptiles in Antarctica help support the idea of plate tectonics?

a)

They proved it was more than just ice

b)

Those organisms couldn't live there today meaning the climate must have been very different

c)

Reptiles and plants can't migrate, so there is not way they could have just moved there in order to die

d)

Because the volcanoes caused by plate tectonics are the only way that Antarctica could have been warm enough for those organisms

88.

Which type of plate boundary is most likely to form a volcanic island chain?

a)

Convergent (Oceanic - Oceanic)

b)

Divergent

c)

Transform Fault

d)

Convergent (Continental - Continental)

89.

What type of rock is formed from other rocks that come into contact with heat from Magma?

a)

Intrusive Igneous

b)

Extrusive Igneous

c)

Regional Metamorphic

d)

Contact Metamorphic

e)

Mafic Rocks

90.

Which type of rock is formed from large (gravel sized) pieces of rock that are cemented together?

a)

Organic Sedimentary Rock

b)

Clastic - Shale

c)

Chemical Sedimentary Rock

d)

Clastic - Conglomerate

e)

Clastic - Sandstone

91.

Which type of rock is formed from the smallest (silt sized) pieces of rock that are cemented together?

a)

Clastic - Conglomerate

b)

Clastic - Sandstone

c)

Clastic - Shale

d)

Organic Sedimentary Rock

e)

Chemical Sedimentary Rock

92.

Which type of rock is formed from the leftover pieces of organisms (like shell pieces) that are cemented together?

a)

Clastic - Sandstone

b)

Clastic - Shale

c)

Organic Sedimentary Rock

d)

Chemical Sedimentary Rock

e)

Clastic - Conglomerate

93.

Which type of rock has a high concentration of Silicates giving them a lighter color?

a)

Gabbro Rocks

b)

Mafic Rock

c)

Felsic Rock

d)

Feldspar

94.

Based on the picture, what type of igneous rock do you think this would be?

a)

Mafic

b)

Clastic

c)

Intrusive

d)

Extrusive

e)

Felsic

95.

Based on the picture, what type of rock do you think this would be?

a)

Felsic

b)

Clastic

c)

Extrusive

d)

Mafic

e)

Intrusive

96.

What do we call an igneous intrusion that seeps between two layers of rock, forming a long flat pluton?

a)

Batholith

b)

Dike

c)

Sill

d)

Neck

97.

Bituminous Coal is an example of which type of rock?

a)

Organic Sedimentary

b)

Intrusive Igneous

c)

Regional Metamorphic

d)

Extrusive Igneous

e)

Clastic Sedimentary

98.

Obsidian is an example of which type of rock?

a)

Extrusive Igneous

b)

Regional Metamorphic

c)

Clastic Sedimentary

d)

Intrusive Igneous

e)

Organic Sedimentary

99.

Which type of metamorphic rock would have Bituminous Coal as a parent rock?

a)

Slate

b)

Lignite Coal

c)

Quartzite

d)

Marble

e)

Anthracite Coal

100.

Which type of metamorphic rock would have Limestone as a parent rock?

a)

Slate

b)

Anthracite Coal

c)

Lignite Coal

d)

Marble

e)

Quartzite

101.

Which type of metamorphic rock would have Sandstone as a parent rock?

a)

Lignite Coal

b)

Slate

c)

Gneiss

d)

Quartzite

e)

Marble

102.

Has wavy bands.

a)

sedimentary rock

b)

extrusive igneous rock

c)

metamorphic rock

d)

intrusive igneous rock

103.

This rock was formed when magma cooled very slowly inside the Earth. What specific type of rock is it?

a)

Extrusive Igneous Rock

b)

Intrusive Igneous Rock

c)

Clastic Sedimentary Rock

d)

Foliated Metamorphic Rock

104.

The more silica that magma contains...

a)

the higher the viscosity

b)

the runnier the magma

c)

the thicker the magma

d)

the thinner the magma

105.

Shield volcanoes have:

a)

a steep cone shape

b)

gently sloping sides

c)

moderately sized sides

d)

long cracks along plate boundaries

106.

Explosive eruption that hurls ash, gases, cinders, and bombs from the main vent.

a)

Geyser

b)

Geothermal energy

c)

Volcano bomb

d)

Pyroclastic flow

107.

The Hawaiian islands are made from this type of volcano.

a)

Composite

b)

Cinder Cone

c)

Big

d)

Shield

108.

Felsic (light-colored) magma has a...

a)

Low silica content

b)

High silica content

109.

This type of volcano has explosive eruptions that result in massive amounts of tephra (ash).

a)

Fissure volcano

b)

Shield volcano

c)

Composite / Stratovolcano

d)

Cinder cone

110.

Mafic (dark-colored) magma has a...

a)

high silica content

b)

low silica content

111.

This common type of volcano is made up of alternating layers of ash and lava.

a)

Composite / Stratovolcano

b)

Shield volcano

c)

Fissure volcano

d)

Cinder cone

112.

Which type of volcano has steep angled sides, throws blobs of lava in the air that fall as cinders, and is built over a short period of time?

a)

Composite

b)

Cinder Cone

c)

Lava Dome

d)

Shield

113.

An active volcanic area on earth is found at ______.

a)

All of the above

b)

Converging Boundaries

c)

Diverging Boundaries

d)

Hot Spots

114.

What type of lava is shown in the image of a glowing, rough, blocky flow advancing over dark rock?

a)

Pahoehoe

b)

'A'a

115.

What type of lava is shown in the image of a smooth, ropy-textured solidified flow?

a)

Pahoehoe

b)

'A'a

116.

What type of lava is shown in the image of a gray, rippled, ropey lava surface with swirling patterns?

a)

'A'a

b)

Pahoehoe

117.

This image is showing a car downhill from an erupting volcano. What danger is most likely to affect this car?

a)

A lava flow

b)

A mudflow

c)

A pyroclastic flow

d)

A soft, "refreshing" puff of air

118.

This is an image of two scientists observing a(n) ____.

a)

Ash fall

b)

Lava flow

c)

Mudflow

d)

Pyroclastic flow

119.

The property of a mineral splitting evenly along a flat surface is

a)

Luster

b)

Streak

c)

Cleavage

d)

Fracture

120.

The property of a mineral splitting unevenly is

a)

Luster

b)

Streak

c)

Cleavage

d)

Fracture

121.

A physical property that is easy to observe is

a)

Luster

b)

Color

c)

Hardness

d)

Density

122.

The color of the powder left behind by a mineral.

a)

Streak

b)

Cleavage

c)

Color

d)

Luster

123.

A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched.

a)

Structure

b)

Texture

c)

Luster

d)

Hardness

e)

Streak

124.

Which of the following is NOT a way to identify a mineral?

a)

Streak

b)

Density

c)

Luster

d)

Crumble

125.

If a mineral can SCRATCH another one, it is:

a)

harder than the mineral

b)

weaker than the mineral

c)

the same mineral

126.

Calcite can scratch:

a)

Apatite

b)

Fluorite

c)

Talc

127.

What type of property test is a mineralogist conducting when she rubs a mineral over a mirror, tile, or hard surface?

a)

Streak Test

b)

Luster Test

c)

Appearance Test

d)

Cracking Test

128.

What is a crystal?

a)

A pure material that can’t be changed.

b)

Material with a regular, repeating arrangement of atoms.

c)

A foggy like material.

129.

What is the mineral name for table salt?

a)

Gypsum

b)

Calcite

c)

Halite

d)

Dolomite

130.

Only eight elements make up the vast majority of rock-forming minerals. Which of the following elements is not one of the eight?

a)

Oxygen

b)

Iron

c)

Hydrogen

d)

Potassium

131.

Which property do you see in the picture?

a)

Luster

b)

Hardness

c)

Streak

132.

What do we call minerals that are made of only one element (like gold or diamond)?

a)

Trace Elements

b)

Igneous Rocks

c)

Native Elements

d)

Original Matter

133.

Why is anthracite coal not considered a mineral?

a)

Because it doesn't have a consistent chemical formula

b)

Because it isn't a solid

c)

Because it is organic

d)

Because it isn't naturally occurring

134.

Why is a lab-created diamond not considered a mineral?

a)

Because it doesn't have a consistent chemical formula

b)

Because it isn't a solid

c)

Because it isn't inorganic

d)

Because it isn't naturally occurring

135.

Why isn't oil considered a mineral?

a)

Because it doesn't have a consistent chemical formula

b)

Because it isn't a crystalline solid

c)

It is a mineral

d)

Because it isn't naturally occurring

136.

Why isn't granite considered a mineral?

a)

Because it doesn't have a consistent chemical formula

b)

Because it isn't a solid

c)

It is a mineral

d)

Because it isn't naturally occurring

137.

If there is a mineral that will scratch a penny, but not glass, which element could it be?

a)

Calcite

b)

Fluorite

c)

Talc

d)

Quartz

138.

This glow is an indicator of which special property?

a)

Magnetism

b)

Fluorescence

c)

Double Refraction

d)

Transparency

139.

What do we call this type of crystal shape?

a)

Monoclinic

b)

Hexagonal

c)

Cubic

d)

Conchoidal Cleavage

140.

Pyrite, Galena and Copper are examples of minerals that have ______________________ luster.

a)

Metallic

b)

Adamantine

c)

Pearly

d)

Earthy