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Worksheets12.1 Motivation (Humanism)
Total questions: 136
Worksheet time: 1hrs 8mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Willie Davis, the great defensive end at Green Bay . . . had given [another player] a kind of mental tip that he used to ____________ himself.
a)
motivate
b)
confuse
c)
bore
d)
reward
e)
annoy
2.
Who was Willie Davis, and where did he play?
a)
the great defensive end at Green Bay
b)
a quarterback for the Eagles
c)
a coach for the Packers
d)
a running back for the Eagles
e)
the owner of the Packers
3.
He had used it ever since a game the Packers lost against the ____________ back in the 1960s.
a)
Eagles
b)
Lions
c)
Bears
d)
Jets
e)
Cowboys
4.
When did the Packers lose the game against the Eagles that led to Davis's mental tip?
a)
back in the 1960s
b)
last season
c)
during the 1970s
d)
just recently
e)
in the 1950s
5.
As he left the field at the end of the game, Davis had turned around, the stands emptying, and he realized that he was leaving something on the field—namely, ____________ that he had not given the extra effort, the extra push . . .
a)
regrets
b)
pride
c)
trophies
d)
sweat
e)
motivation
6.
What observation did Davis make about the stands as he left the field?
a)
the stands emptying
b)
the stands were full
c)
the stands were cheering
d)
the stands were silent
e)
the stands were being cleaned
7.
and that he was going to have to live with that regret for the rest of his life because there was no way that he could ____________ that moment.
a)
recapture
b)
forget
c)
enjoy
d)
share
e)
regret
8.
What did Davis realize he would have to live with for the rest of his life?
a)
that regret
b)
the victory
c)
the loss
d)
the injury
e)
the tip
9.
He made up his mind then that he would never again look back at a football field or even a day’s effort at what he was doing with any sense of ____________.
a)
regret
b)
pride
c)
happiness
d)
accomplishment
e)
victory
10.
What resolve did Davis make regarding his future efforts?
a)
that he would never again look back at a football field or even a day’s effort at what he was doing with any sense of regret
b)
that he would try harder to win every game
c)
that he would never play football again
d)
that he would become a coach
e)
that he would tell others about his regret
11.
Why did Davis play ____________ so intensely?
a)
football
b)
golf
c)
baseball
d)
basketball
e)
chess
12.
What does the text immediately question after recounting Davis's story?
a)
Why did Davis play football so intensely?
b)
What team did Davis play for?
c)
Who was Davis's coach?
d)
What was the score of the game?
e)
When did Davis retire?
13.
Why do people try to climb Mount Everest or cross the Atlantic in a ____________?
a)
balloon
b)
plane
c)
boat
d)
submarine
e)
car
14.
What two major feats are questioned regarding why people attempt them?
a)
climb Mount Everest or cross the Atlantic in a balloon
b)
swim the Pacific or run a marathon
c)
build a house or learn a new language
d)
solve world hunger or invent a new technology
e)
go to the moon or dive to the ocean floor
15.
Why do some people spend every waking moment memorizing batting averages, while others do not know the ____________ between the New York Yankees and the Toledo Mud Hens?
a)
difference
b)
score
c)
size
d)
history
e)
location
16.
What contrast is drawn between two types of people and their knowledge of sports?
a)
some people spend every waking moment memorizing batting averages, while others do not know the difference between the New York Yankees and the Toledo Mud Hens
b)
some people watch baseball, while others watch football
c)
some people play sports, while others only watch
d)
some people know all the rules, while others know none
e)
some people enjoy sports, while others hate them
17.
As the song asks, why do ____________ fall in love?
a)
fools
b)
singers
c)
dancers
d)
people
e)
stars
18.
What common question does the text reference from a song?
a)
why do fools fall in love?
b)
where do broken hearts go?
c)
what is love?
d)
how deep is your love?
e)
all you need is love
19.
Although all psychology is concerned with what people do and how they do it, research on motivation and emotion focuses on the underlying ____________ of behavior.
a)
whys
b)
whats
c)
hows
d)
whens
e)
whos
20.
On what aspect of behavior does research on motivation and emotion focus?
a)
the underlying whys of behavior
b)
what people do
c)
how people do things
d)
what people think
e)
the underlying physics of behavior
21.
Motivation includes the various psychological and physiological factors that cause us to act a certain way at a ____________ time.
a)
certain
b)
random
c)
different
d)
specific
e)
unknown
22.
What does the text define as including various psychological and physiological factors that cause us to act a certain way at a certain time?
a)
Motivation
b)
Emotion
c)
Behavior
d)
Psychology
e)
Factors
23.
We see Kristin studying all weekend while the rest of us hang out, and since we know she wants to go to law school, we conclude that she is motivated by her ____________ to get good grades.
a)
desire
b)
effort
c)
failure
d)
anxiety
e)
friend
24.
What conclusion is drawn about Kristin's motivation for studying all weekend?
a)
motivated by her desire to get good grades
b)
motivated by her friends
c)
motivated by her need for sleep
d)
motivated by the teacher
e)
motivated by the weekend
25.
We see Mikko working after classes at a job he does not like, and since we know he wants to buy a car, we conclude that he is motivated to earn ____________ for the car.
a)
money
b)
respect
c)
approval
d)
fame
e)
friends
26.
Why does Mikko work after classes at a job he does not like?
a)
he wants to buy a car
b)
he needs friends
c)
he wants to relax
d)
he likes the job
e)
he is forced to work
27.
Movies often have motives or emotions as their ____________ theme.
a)
central
b)
minor
c)
side
d)
background
e)
hidden
28.
According to the text, what often have motives or emotions as their central theme?
a)
Movies
b)
Books
c)
Songs
d)
Stories
e)
Games
29.
On the street, you hear words like anger, fear, pain, starving, and hundreds of others describing ____________ and emotions.
a)
motives
b)
actions
c)
feelings
d)
sounds
e)
sights
30.
What types of words are commonly heard on the street that describe motives and emotions?
a)
anger, fear, pain, starving, and hundreds of others
b)
happy, sad, fast, slow, far
c)
up, down, left, right, in
d)
big, small, old, new, great
e)
long, short, wide, narrow, deep
31.
Conceptions of motivation in psychology are in many ways similar to those expressed in ____________ language.
a)
everyday
b)
academic
c)
foreign
d)
scientific
e)
technical
32.
What is the relationship between conceptions of motivation in psychology and those in everyday language?
a)
in many ways similar
b)
completely different
c)
entirely unrelated
d)
scientifically distinct
e)
only historical
33.
Because motivation cannot be observed directly, psychologists, like the rest of us, infer motivation from ____________ behavior.
a)
goal-directed
b)
random
c)
emotional
d)
social
e)
physical
34.
Why do psychologists infer motivation from goal-directed behavior?
a)
Because motivation cannot be observed directly
b)
It is the easiest method
c)
Motivation is always goal-directed
d)
It is required by their profession
e)
Only goal-directed behavior is important
35.
Behavior is usually energized by many motives that may originate from outside of us or ____________ of us.
a)
inside
b)
around
c)
above
d)
below
e)
far from
36.
Where may the many motives that energize behavior originate?
a)
from outside of us or inside of us
b)
only from inside of us
c)
only from outside of us
d)
only from our past
e)
only from our goals
37.
Psychologists explain motivation and why we experience it in ____________ ways.
a)
different
b)
the same
c)
similar
d)
one
e)
complex
38.
How do psychologists explain motivation and why we experience it?
a)
in different ways
b)
in only one way
c)
in a simple manner
d)
in a confusing way
e)
in a consistent manner
39.
We will discuss instinct, drive-reduction, incentive, and ____________ theories of motivation.
a)
cognitive
b)
social
c)
humanistic
d)
biological
e)
evolutionary
40.
What are the four theories of motivation the text states will be discussed?
a)
instinct, drive-reduction, incentive, and cognitive theories
b)
psychoanalytic, behavioral, humanistic, and social theories
c)
biological, psychological, sociological, and environmental theories
d)
fixed, flexible, learned, and unlearned theories
e)
simple, complex, individual, and group theories
41.
In the 1900s, psychologist William McDougall (1908) proposed that humans were motivated by a variety of ____________.
a)
instincts
b)
drives
c)
needs
d)
incentives
e)
cognitions
42.
Who proposed in the 1900s that humans were motivated by a variety of instincts?
a)
William McDougall (1908)
b)
William James (1890)
c)
Clark Hull (1943)
d)
Harry Harlow (1905-1981)
e)
Sigmund Freud (1900)
43.
Instincts are natural or inherited tendencies of an organism to make a specific response to certain environmental stimuli without involving ____________.
a)
reason
b)
emotion
c)
action
d)
thought
e)
learning
44.
What is the key characteristic of an instinctual response according to the definition?
a)
without involving reason
b)
involving intense emotion
c)
requiring conscious thought
d)
learned through experience
e)
always resulting in survival
45.
Instincts occur in almost the same way among all members of a ____________.
a)
species
b)
family
c)
group
d)
culture
e)
location
46.
How do instincts occur among members of a species?
a)
in almost the same way
b)
in a completely unique way
c)
only sometimes
d)
depending on learning
e)
only in certain environments
47.
For example, salmon respond to instinctive urges to swim thousands of miles through ocean waters and up rivers to reach the exact spot in a gravel bed where they were ____________ years earlier.
a)
spawned
b)
born
c)
fed
d)
found
e)
released
48.
Where do salmon instinctively swim thousands of miles to reach?
a)
the exact spot in a gravel bed where they were spawned years earlier
b)
a new ocean
c)
the nearest river
d)
the feeding grounds
e)
a warm water current
49.
Psychologist William James (1890) proposed that humans have instincts such as cleanliness, curiosity, parental love, sociability, and ____________.
a)
sympathy
b)
hatred
c)
ambition
d)
fear
e)
hunger
50.
Which psychologist proposed that humans have instincts such as cleanliness, curiosity, and parental love?
a)
William James (1890)
b)
William McDougall (1908)
c)
Clark Hull (1943)
d)
Harry Harlow (1905-1981)
e)
Sigmund Freud (1900)
51.
Eventually, though, psychologists realized a ____________ in the instinct theory.
a)
flaw
b)
strength
c)
complexity
d)
truth
e)
benefit
52.
What did psychologists eventually realize about the instinct theory?
a)
a flaw
b)
a major benefit
c)
its complete accuracy
d)
a new application
e)
its simple elegance
53.
Instincts do not explain behavior; they simply ____________ behavior.
a)
label
b)
motivate
c)
create
d)
ignore
e)
understand
54.
What is the main criticism of instincts regarding their relationship to behavior?
a)
they simply label behavior
b)
they accurately predict all behavior
c)
they are the root of all motivation
d)
they are easy to observe and measure
e)
they are the only cause of action
55.
Although some psychologists still study instinctual behaviors (now called ____________), they have focused on other theories to explain motivation.
a)
fixed action patterns
b)
learned responses
c)
cognitive processes
d)
emotional drives
e)
social norms
56.
What are instinctual behaviors called by some psychologists today?
a)
fixed action patterns
b)
inherited needs
c)
cognitive theories
d)
learned habits
e)
social instincts
57.
Something that motivates us moves us to ____________.
a)
action
b)
thought
c)
rest
d)
belief
e)
emotion
58.
What is the result of something that motivates us?
a)
moves us to action
b)
causes us to think
c)
results in rest
d)
creates belief
e)
leads to fear
59.
The thing that motivates us starts with a ____________ that leads to a drive.
a)
need
b)
want
c)
goal
d)
reward
e)
feeling
60.
What sequence describes the start of what motivates us?
a)
starts with a need that leads to a drive
b)
starts with a drive that leads to a need
c)
starts with a want that leads to a goal
d)
starts with an action that leads to a need
e)
starts with a feeling that leads to a want
61.
A need results from a lack of something ____________ or useful.
a)
desirable
b)
necessary
c)
common
d)
expensive
e)
important
62.
What does a need result from, according to the text?
a)
a lack of something desirable or useful
b)
a surplus of energy
c)
too much desire
d)
a strong emotion
e)
social pressure
63.
We have both physiological and ____________ needs.
a)
psychological
b)
social
c)
financial
d)
intellectual
e)
emotional
64.
What are the two types of needs that humans have?
a)
physiological and psychological needs
b)
internal and external needs
c)
learned and unlearned needs
d)
simple and complex needs
e)
conscious and unconscious needs
65.
We need oxygen and food to survive (____________ needs).
a)
physiological
b)
psychological
c)
social
d)
intellectual
e)
emotional
66.
What category of needs do oxygen and food belong to?
a)
physiological needs
b)
psychological needs
c)
social needs
d)
intellectual needs
e)
external needs
67.
We may also need self-esteem or ____________ approval (psychological needs).
a)
social
b)
parental
c)
financial
d)
public
e)
peer
68.
What are two examples of psychological needs mentioned in the text?
a)
self-esteem or social approval
b)
oxygen and food
c)
money and success
d)
curiosity and cleanliness
e)
safety and shelter
69.
We do not necessarily need to fulfill psychological needs to ____________.
a)
survive
b)
be happy
c)
be successful
d)
feel loved
e)
feel motivated
70.
What is the main difference noted between fulfilling physiological and psychological needs?
a)
We do not necessarily need to fulfill psychological needs to survive
b)
Psychological needs are more important for survival
c)
Physiological needs are easier to fulfill
d)
Psychological needs are always fulfilled first
e)
Fulfilling both is equally necessary for survival
71.
A need produces a ____________.
a)
drive
b)
goal
c)
reward
d)
habit
e)
instinct
72.
What does a need produce?
a)
a drive
b)
a result
c)
a desire
d)
a feeling
e)
an emotion
73.
A drive is an internal condition that can change over time and orients an individual toward a specific goal or ____________.
a)
goals
b)
need
c)
result
d)
behavior
e)
emotion
74.
What is the function of a drive regarding an individual's orientation?
a)
orients an individual toward a specific goal or goals
b)
causes a person to stop acting
c)
makes a person forget their needs
d)
ensures instant gratification
e)
always leads to success
75.
We have different drives with ____________ goals.
a)
different
b)
the same
c)
similar
d)
one
e)
complex
76.
What characteristic do different drives possess?
a)
different goals
b)
a single goal
c)
the same goal
d)
no goals
e)
only biological goals
77.
For example, hunger drives us to eat, curiosity drives us to find something out, and fatigue drives us to ____________.
a)
rest
b)
move
c)
run
d)
work
e)
think
78.
What are the three examples of drives and their corresponding goals mentioned?
a)
hunger drives us to eat, curiosity drives us to find something out, and fatigue drives us to rest
b)
anger drives us to fight, fear drives us to flee, and joy drives us to share
c)
self-esteem drives us to impress, and social approval drives us to conform
d)
instinct drives us to act, and incentive pulls us to obtain rewards
e)
pain drives us to stop, and thirst drives us to drink
79.
Drive-reduction theory emerged from the work of experimental psychologist ____________ (1943) who traced motivation back to basic physiological needs.
a)
Clark Hull
b)
William McDougall
c)
William James
d)
Harry Harlow
e)
Sigmund Freud
80.
From whose work did the drive-reduction theory emerge?
a)
experimental psychologist Clark Hull (1943)
b)
developmental psychologist William McDougall
c)
social psychologist William James
d)
clinical psychologist Harry Harlow
e)
behavioral psychologist Skinner
81.
According to Hull, when an organism is deprived of something it needs or wants (such as food or water), it becomes tense and ____________.
a)
agitated
b)
relaxed
c)
happy
d)
satisfied
e)
calm
82.
What state does an organism enter, according to Hull, when deprived of something it needs?
a)
tense and agitated
b)
calm and satisfied
c)
happy and relaxed
d)
confused and lost
e)
motivated and focused
83.
To relieve this tension, it engages in more or less ____________ activity.
a)
random
b)
planned
c)
efficient
d)
necessary
e)
helpful
84.
What type of activity does an organism engage in to relieve tension from deprivation?
a)
more or less random activity
b)
only planned activity
c)
highly efficient activity
d)
purposeful and directed activity
e)
only mental activity
85.
Thus biological needs drive an organism to act, and the organism strives to maintain ____________.
a)
homeostasis
b)
complexity
c)
motivation
d)
curiosity
e)
hunger
86.
What does an organism strive to maintain in response to biological needs driving it to act?
a)
homeostasis
b)
a drive
c)
agitation
d)
a need
e)
random activity
87.
Homeostasis is the tendency of the body to return to or maintain a ____________ state.
a)
balanced
b)
agitated
c)
motivated
d)
deprived
e)
external
88.
What is the definition of homeostasis given in the text?
a)
the tendency of the body to return to or maintain a balanced state
b)
the need for food and water
c)
the drive toward a goal
d)
the feeling of tension
e)
the act of eating
89.
If a behavior reduces the drive, the organism will begin to acquire a ____________.
a)
habit
b)
goal
c)
need
d)
motive
e)
reward
90.
What does an organism begin to acquire if a behavior reduces the drive?
a)
a habit
b)
a new need
c)
increased tension
d)
a permanent solution
e)
an instinct
91.
That is, when the drive is again felt, the organism will first try the ____________ response.
a)
same
b)
new
c)
different
d)
random
e)
best
92.
What action will the organism first attempt when the drive is felt again, after acquiring a habit?
a)
try the same response
b)
try a new response
c)
try a different response
d)
engage in random activity
e)
seek a reward
93.
Habits channel drives in ____________ directions.
a)
certain
b)
all
c)
random
d)
various
e)
new
94.
What is the function of habits regarding drives?
a)
channel drives in certain directions
b)
create new drives
c)
eliminate all drives
d)
make drives random
e)
increase tension
95.
In short, drive-reduction theory states that physiological needs drive an organism to act in either random or ____________ ways.
a)
habitual
b)
instinctual
c)
cognitive
d)
emotional
e)
social
96.
What two types of ways does drive-reduction theory state that physiological needs drive an organism to act?
a)
random or habitual ways
b)
planned or chaotic ways
c)
conscious or unconscious ways
d)
internal or external ways
e)
simple or complex ways
97.
This drive continues until the organism’s needs are satisfied and it returns to a preset ____________ state.
a)
optimal
b)
tense
c)
motivated
d)
random
e)
deprived
98.
When does a drive cease, according to the drive-reduction theory?
a)
until the organism’s needs are satisfied and it returns to a preset optimal state
b)
when the organism finds a reward
c)
after the organism attempts random activity
d)
once the organism acquires a habit
e)
when the tension is ignored
99.
Hull suggested that all human motives—from the desire to acquire property to striving for excellence and seeking affection or amusement—are ____________ of basic biological needs.
a)
extensions
b)
replacements
c)
contradictions
d)
limits
e)
unrelated
100.
What did Hull suggest that all human motives are in relation to basic biological needs?
a)
extensions of basic biological needs
b)
separate and distinct motives
c)
contradictions of biological drives
d)
independent of physiological needs
e)
primarily cognitive processes
101.
For example, people develop the need for social approval because as infants they were fed and cared for by a ____________ mother or father.
a)
smiling
b)
anxious
c)
stressed
d)
quiet
e)
serious
102.
According to Hull's example, how is the need for social approval developed in infants?
a)
fed and cared for by a smiling mother or father
b)
only fed by their mother
c)
left alone to self-soothe
d)
given rewards for good behavior
e)
praised by their parents
103.
Gradually, through conditioning and generalization, the need for approval becomes ____________ in itself.
a)
important
b)
irrelevant
c)
biological
d)
confusing
e)
temporary
104.
What happens to the need for approval through conditioning and generalization?
a)
becomes important in itself
b)
is replaced by another need
c)
is ignored by the individual
d)
remains a biological need
e)
becomes a primary drive
105.
So, according to Hull, approval becomes a ____________ drive.
a)
learned
b)
unlearned
c)
instinctual
d)
physiological
e)
random
106.
What type of drive does approval become, according to Hull?
a)
a learned drive
b)
an instinctual drive
c)
a primary drive
d)
a cognitive drive
e)
a simple drive
107.
The results of subsequent experiments suggested, however, that Hull had overlooked some of the more ____________ factors in human—and animal—motivation.
a)
important
b)
simple
c)
complex
d)
biological
e)
learned
108.
What did subsequent experiments suggest about Hull's theory of motivation?
a)
he had overlooked some of the more important factors in human—and animal—motivation
b)
he was completely correct in his assumptions
c)
his theory was too complex
d)
he should have focused only on animals
e)
his theory was based on outdated research
109.
According to drive-reduction theory, infants become attached to their mothers because mothers usually ____________ such drives as hunger and thirst.
a)
relieve
b)
create
c)
ignore
d)
complicate
e)
increase
110.
What is the drive-reduction theory explanation for infants becoming attached to their mothers?
a)
mothers usually relieve such drives as hunger and thirst
b)
mothers provide the most social approval
c)
mothers are genetically programmed to bond
d)
mothers are the first source of comfort
e)
mothers offer the most learning opportunities
111.
Harry Harlow (1905-1981) and others doubted that this was the only, or even the main, source of an infant’s ____________ for its mother.
a)
love
b)
fear
c)
food
d)
learning
e)
habit
112.
Who doubted that drive reduction was the main source of an infant's love for its mother?
a)
Harry Harlow (1905-1981) and others
b)
Clark Hull (1943)
c)
William McDougall (1908)
d)
William James (1890)
e)
Sigmund Freud (1900)
113.
Harlow took baby monkeys away from their mothers and put them alone in cages with two surrogate, or substitute, mothers made mostly of ____________.
a)
wire
b)
cloth
c)
plastic
d)
wood
e)
metal
114.
What were the two surrogate mothers in Harlow's experiment primarily made of?
a)
wire
b)
soft cloth
c)
paper
d)
wood
e)
rubber
115.
One of the wire mothers was equipped with a ____________.
a)
bottle
b)
toy
c)
blanket
d)
button
e)
light
116.
What item was one of the wire mothers equipped with?
a)
a bottle
b)
a microphone
c)
a heating pad
d)
a soft cloth
e)
a small mirror
117.
If the drive-reduction theory were correct, the monkeys would become attached to this figure because it was their only source of ____________.
a)
food
b)
comfort
c)
warmth
d)
light
e)
security
118.
According to drive-reduction theory, why should the monkeys have become attached to the wire mother with the bottle?
a)
it was their only source of food
b)
it provided the most comfort
c)
it was the warmest figure
d)
it looked the most like a mother
e)
it was a learned association
119.
The other wire mother was covered with soft cloth but could not provide food to relieve ____________.
a)
hunger
b)
thirst
c)
fear
d)
anxiety
e)
loneliness
120.
What was the other wire mother covered with, and what could it not provide?
a)
soft cloth but could not provide food to relieve hunger
b)
wire but could not provide comfort
c)
plastic but could not provide warmth
d)
wood but could not provide water
e)
metal but could not provide light
121.
In test after test, the baby monkeys preferred to cling to the ____________ mother, particularly when strange, frightening objects were put into their cages (Harlow & Zimmerman, 1959).
a)
cloth
b)
wire
c)
real
d)
food
e)
surrogate
122.
Which surrogate mother did the baby monkeys prefer to cling to in Harlow's experiment?
a)
the cloth mother
b)
the wire mother
c)
the one with food
d)
the one with the bottle
e)
the one without the cloth
123.
Some drive theorists overlooked the fact that some experiences (such as hugging something or someone soft) are inherently ____________
a)
pleasurable
b)
confusing
c)
distressing
d)
necessary
e)
unusual
124.
What did some drive theorists overlook regarding certain experiences like hugging something soft?
a)
that some experiences (such as hugging something or someone soft) are inherently pleasurable
b)
that all experiences are motivated by hunger
c)
that only biological drives are important
d)
that infants prefer food above all else
e)
that learned drives are always temporary
125.
Although these experiences do not seem to reduce biological drives, they serve as ____________ or goals for behavior.
a)
incentives
b)
drives
c)
habits
d)
needs
e)
instincts
126.
If experiences do not reduce biological drives, what can they serve as for behavior?
a)
incentives or goals for behavior
b)
a source of hunger
c)
a new need
d)
a learned drive only
e)
a temporary pleasure
127.
Also, sometimes we engage in activities that increase the ____________ we experience.
a)
tension
b)
pleasure
c)
boredom
d)
relaxation
e)
satisfaction
128.
What is a characteristic of some activities that people engage in, which contradicts the drive-reduction idea of relieving tension?
a)
increase the tension we experience
b)
decrease biological needs
c)
reduce all drives immediately
d)
only occur when we are hungry
e)
always lead to a balanced state
129.
For example, although you do not need or want extra anxieties, you may enjoy riding roller coasters or watching ____________ movies.
a)
scary
b)
funny
c)
romantic
d)
boring
e)
educational
130.
What are two examples of activities that momentarily increase anxiety and disrupt homeostasis?
a)
riding roller coasters or watching scary movies
b)
eating a large meal or drinking water
c)
going to sleep or relaxing on the couch
d)
studying for an exam or cleaning the house
e)
watching a peaceful sunset or listening to calm music
131.
These activities momentarily increase your anxiety and disrupt your ____________.
a)
homeostasis
b)
pleasure
c)
hunger
d)
thirst
e)
goals
132.
What bodily state do activities like riding roller coasters momentarily disrupt?
a)
homeostasis
b)
an instinct
c)
a habit
d)
a learned drive
e)
a physiological need
133.
Many psychologists conclude that there could be no ____________ theory of motivation of the type Hull suggested.
a)
general
b)
specific
c)
biological
d)
psychological
e)
simple
134.
What type of theory of motivation, like the one Hull suggested, did many psychologists conclude could not exist?
a)
no general theory of motivation
b)
no biological theory of motivation
c)
no drive-reduction theory
d)
no simple theory of motivation
e)
no cognitive theory of motivation
135.
There are many types of behavior that cannot be explained through ____________.
a)
deprivation
b)
rewards
c)
learning
d)
social norms
e)
biology
136.
What concept is cited as being unable to explain many types of behavior?
a)
deprivation
b)
incentive
c)
motivation
d)
reinforcement
e)
cognition
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