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WorksheetsAp Computer Science Principles Study Guide
Total questions: 67
Worksheet time: 1hrs 22mins
Which of the following is true regarding the way information is transmitted on the Internet?
Information flows on a dedicated direct connection from the sender's device to the receiver's device using binary electrical signals.
Because of the reliability of the Internet, packets always arrive in the same order they were sent
If a single packet is dropped, the entire file must be resent.
Information does not travel in one piece, but rather as a datastream of packets.
What is the Domain Name System?
Provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of packets on the internet.
The protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet
A number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet
This system translates domain names (like example.com) to IP addresses (like 93.184.216.34)
The world is currently in a transition to using IPv6, a newer version of the IP protocol that uses 128-bit addresses instead of 32-bit addresses used by IPv4. What is the main problem that IPv6 was created to solve?
32-bit addresses could not ensure that every internet-connected device can receive a unique IP address
IPv4 proved unreliable in some cases where network redundancy could not be ensured
IPv6 will allow problems with IPv4's address hierarchy to be resolved
32-bit addresses could not accommodate the increased size and amount of data traveling on the Internet as it has grown in popular
When collaborating with others: It doesn't matter what you name a function. As long as you understand what it does.
True
False
What is the main function of a router?
Provide error checking for data
Give each device a unique IP address
Transmit packets in order
Forward data from one device to another
A system of linked pages, programs, and files
Roouter
Protocol
World Wide Web
Internet
Information sent in packets do not drop and are ALWAYS delivered.
True
False
Lossless compression is fully reversible, meaning the original file can be recreated bit for bit.
True
False
What is the maximum VALUE that can be represented with 8 bits?
254
255
256
257
Which of these technologies helps us not have to remember IP Addresses?
DNS
TCP
IP
HTTP
What is the relationship between HTML and HTTP?
HTML is used to create websites, and HTTP transmits them
HTML compresses data, and HTTP decompresses it
HTML encrypts data, and HTTP decrypts it
HTML prioritizes data, and HTTP delivers it
Pick the true statement about the Internet Protocol (IP):
In order to communicate two devices on the Internet must have the same IP address
Each network on the Internet uses its own protocol to address messages.
Each device or computer on the Internet is assigned a unique IP address.
IP is a secret protocol shared between the sender and receiver.
What is the minimum number of bits you would need to encode the 26 letters of the alphabet plus a space - a total of 27 characters?
5 bits
3 bits
2 bits
6 bits
Eight bits can represent 256. How many total bits do you need to represent 512 (twice as many) numbers?
11 bits
10 bits
16 bits
9 bits
An algorithm is a precise sequence of instructions for processes that can be executed by a computer.
True
False
Why do programmers use functions in their code? Select the best answer.
To help with loops.
To make the code easier to understand.
To make the program more complex.
Functions are reusable abstractions that reduce the complexity of writing and maintaining programs.
Which of the following best explains how data is transmitted on the Internet?
It's broken into packets and then sent on various paths through various routers.
It's sent as a large packet through various routers.
It's broken into packets and sent on the same path to the final destination.
It's sent as a large packet on a fixed path.
What is an IP Address?
A) A type of computer that forwards data across a network.
B) A number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet.
C) A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.
D) Small chunks of information that have been carefully formed from larger chunks of information.
What is fault tolerance?
The ability of a system to function properly even when there is no failure of its components.
The ability of a system to function properly only when all of its components are working perfectly.
The ability of a system to recover quickly from the failure of some of its components.
The ability of a system to continue functioning properly in the event of the failure of some of its components.
In a certain computer program, two positive integers are added together, resulting in an overflow error. Which of the following best explains why the error occurs?
The program attempted to perform an operation that is considered an undecidable problem.
The precision of the result is limited due to the constraints of using a floating-point representation.
The program can only use a fixed number of bits to represent integers; the computed sum is greater than the maximum representational value.
The program can add more bits to avoid the error.
Abstraction is a method that makes complex tasks simple through breaking problems down into subtasks. These tasks are then completed individually to complete larger tasks. The positives of abstraction is that you do not need to know the intricate details of the smaller subtasks. You only need to know what the subtasks do, not how they do it (the details).
True
False
What is citizen science?
The public collecting data for study
Professional scientists conducting research
Private companies conducting experiments
Government-funded scientific projects
How does a computer resolve a domain name into an IP address?
It asks the routers on the internet for the IP address.
It asks a DNS server for the corresponding IP address.
It scans addresses until it finds the one it's looking for.
It creates an IP address for the domain, and shares it with the closest DNS.
Which of the following is NOT true about TCP/IP packets?
Packets can be routed on different paths from sender to receiver.
Messages are broken into packets to improve reliability of the internet
TCP guarantees that no packets are ever dropped.
Packets are numbered so if they arrive out of order the message can be reassembled.
Error from attempting to represent a number that is too large.
Overflow Error
Round-off Error
Round-off Error
Analog Data
Which of the following is irreversible?
lossless compression
lessloss data
abstraction
lossy compression
What is protocol?
A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.
A number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet.
Small chunks of information that have been carefully formed from larger chunks of information.
A set of commands in a function.
How many NUMBERS can be represented with an 8-bit binary system?
255
256
128
257
How many bits are in 1 byte?
7 bits
8 bits
16 bits
32 bits
Which of the following is an example of a POST request?
Sending login credentials to a server
Downloading a file
Viewing a webpage
Asking a librarian for a book
When would you use a heuristic approach in solving a problem?
When you do not have enough time to solve a problem and a good enough answer is acceptable.
When you have enough time to find an exact answer.
You should not use a heuristic approach in programming.
When you have enough time to solve a problem and a good enough answer is acceptable.
Lossy compression is best suited for situations where some loss of detail is tolerable, especially if it will not be detectable by a human.
True
False
A state government is attempting to reduce the digital divide. Which of the following activities has the greatest potential to contribute to the digital divide rather than reducing it?
Providing programs that focus on technology literacy at local libraries
Working with technology companies to offer computing devices at discounted prices to individuals with reduced incomes
Requiring applicants for government jobs to apply using an online platform
Working with telecommunications companies to build network infrastructure in remote areas
A process for reducing the number of bits needed to represent something without losing any information. This process is reversible.
Overflow Error
Sampling
Lossy Compression
Lossless Compression
Which of the following actions is most likely to help reduce the digital divide?
Deploying satellites and other infrastructure to provide inexpensive Internet access to remote areas of Earth
Adding a requirement that all users of a popular social media site link their accounts with a phone number.
Digitizing millions of books from university libraries, making their full text available online
Offering improved Internet connections to Internet users who are willing to pay a premium fee for more bandwidth
The standard QWERTY keyboard has 47 keys that can place characters on the screen. Each of these keys can also display a second character by holding the "Shift" key at the same time. How many bits would you need to encode everything that could be typed on this keyboard?
4 bits
5 bits
8 bits
7 bits
What is the result of rounding errors in computing?
Increased accuracy
Precise calculations
Faster processing
Errors due to lack of precision
HTTP is used to send…
Web Pages
Text on a webpage
DNS
Routers are effective in making sure information reaches its destination but it slows down the internet as the packets are sent every which way.
True
False
Abstractions allow you to hide details to help you manage complexity, focus on relevant concepts, and reason about problems at a higher level.
True
False
What is a benefit of building redundancy into a network?
If a packet is received out of order, it can be placed in correct order
It is cheaper to create
If a packet is dropped, it can be resent
If one path fails, the message could still be delivered
What is one important naming convention of functions?
Function names should be organized alphabetically.
The function name should begin with a number that indicates the order in which it should be executed.
A function name should indicate how long the function takes to run.
A function name should be as descriptive as possible to indicate what the function does.
Routers always send packets the same way to ensure they are not lost.
True
False
Consider the following three binary numbers: 01010, 010000, 1110. Which of the following lists the numbers in order from least to greatest?
A) 010000, 1110, 01010
B) 01010, 010000, 1110
C) 01010, 1110, 010000
D) 1110, 01010, 010000
Which of these websites would be considered a sub domain of anker.com?
anker.org
anker.com.uk
ankerabout.com
about.anker.com
Which of the following will call the function drawStar?
drawStar
function drawStar;
drawStar();
function drawStar();
RGB stands for Red, Green, and Blue. These values range from 0-255
True
False
Which data compression format leaves the original file in its original state without any data loss?
jpg
compressed
lossy
lossless
Which data compression format uses inexact approximations, discarding some data to represent the content. Also known as irreversible compression.
lossy
lossless
zip
compressed
Select the answer that lists the units of bytes in ascending order (from smallest to largest)
gigabyte, terabyte, megabyte, kilobyte
kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, terabyte
megabyte, terabyte, kilobyte, gigabyte
gigabyte, megabyte, terabyte, kilobyte
What is the 4-bit binary number for the decimal number Ten (10)?
1010
0010
0101
0110
What is the main function of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?
Provides an IP address to send information to.
Provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of packets on the internet.
This system translates domain names (like example.com) to IP addresses (like 93.184.216.34)
The protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet
What is the HyperText Transfer Protocol?
A number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet
Provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of packets on the internet.
This system translates domain names (like example.com) to IP addresses (like 93.184.216.34)
The protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet.
When programmers work together, what is an example of how abstraction in programming can promote collaboration?
Team members can rely on one another to explain their code.
Programmers can use functions created by their partners, relying on the functionality without needing to know the specific details of how the function is implemented.
Programmers can write functions without needing to know what they do or how they should work.
Abstraction allows programmers to brainstorm more creative solutions to problems.
Routers do not have redundancy. So if one path goes down, your data cannot be sent.
True
False
How many bits are needed to represent 4 colors?
2
3
4
5
A protocol that assigns unique numbers (IP addresses) to each connected device
Internet Protocol
Domain Name System
Transmission Control Protocol
Secure Socket Layer
Which of the following best describes a GET request?
It submits data to a server
It deletes data from a server
It updates data on a server
It retrieves data from a server
Which of the following is a true statement about data compression?
There are trade-offs involved in choosing a compression technique for storing and transmitting data.
Regardless of the compression technique used, once a data file is compressed, it cannot be restored to its original state.
Sending a compressed version of a file ensures that the contents of the file cannot be intercepted by an unauthorized user.
Data compression is only useful for files being transmitted over the Internet.
What is a router and what does it do?
A type of computer that forwards data across a network.
Translates a URL to the actual IP address.
Provides users direct access to the internet.
Numbers packets and orders them.
What is data that describes other data? For example, a digital image may include data that describe the size of the image, number of colors, or resolution.
exif data
megadata
predata
metadata
Which protocol is responsible for ensuring data is sent and received in the correct order over the Internet?
TCP
IP
DNS
HTTP
What is the main advantage of using lossless compression over lossy compression?
It reduces file size more than lossy compression
It is faster to compress files
It is only used for images
No information is lost during compression
Which of the following best describes abstraction in computer science?
Assigning IP addresses to devices
Compressing data to save space
Writing code without using any functions
Hiding unnecessary details to focus on high-level concepts
Which of the following best describes the purpose of data compression?
To reduce the number of bits needed to represent information
To increase the size of files for easier storage
To improve the accuracy of calculations
To make files unreadable
What is the primary role of the Domain Name System (DNS) on the Internet?
To compress data for faster transmission
To check for errors in transmitted packets
To translate human-friendly domain names into IP addresses
To assign IP addresses to devices
Which type of error occurs when a number cannot be represented within the available bits in a computer system?
Round-off error
Overflow error
Sampling error
Compression error
