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WorksheetsPCR and Antimicrobial Resistance Quiz
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 10mins
PCR helps in
Protein synthesis
DNA amplification
RNA degradation
Enzyme inhibition
Key enzyme used in PCR is
Reverse transcriptase
Taq polymerase
Helicase
Ligase
PCR cycles include
Single step
Denaturation–Annealing–Extension
DNA translation
Protein folding
Antimicrobial resistance occurs due to
Loss of enzymes
Genetic changes only
Reduced susceptibility to drugs
Overhydration
Enzyme inactivation mechanism is seen in
β-lactamases
Kinases
Proteases
Oxidases
Efflux pump–mediated resistance is common in
Staphylococcus
E.coli
Pseudomonas
Klebsiella
Altered target site resistance occurs in
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus
Salmonella
Eikenella
Burkholderia
Mutational resistance is due to
Horizontal transfer
Spontaneous gene mutations
Transduction only
Transformation only
Transferable resistance is mainly due to
Chromosomal mutation
Plasmids & transposons
Nuclear DNA changes
Mitochondrial DNA
R-plasmids are associated with
Virulence
Drug resistance
Energy metabolism
Sporulation
Endotoxins are part of
Gram-positive cell wall
Gram-negative LPS
Capsular proteins
Flagella
Exotoxins are
Heat stable
Part of cell wall
Secreted proteins
Carbohydrates
Endotoxins act via
Enzyme inhibition
Superantigen activity
Stimulating TNF & IL-1
DNA replication
Exotoxins are inactivated by
Water
Sunlight
Heat & chemicals (toxoid)
None
PCR is widely used in
Food digestion
Blood grouping
Disease diagnosis
Electrolyte estimation
Endotoxin toxicity is mainly due to
Lipid A
Teichoic acid
Peptidoglycan
Protein A
Exotoxins are produced by
Only Gram-negatives
Only Gram-positives
Both Gram-positive & Gram-negative
Bacteria with spores
Which resistance mechanism alters porin channels?
Efflux pump
Reduced permeability
Enzyme induction
Ion transport
Which PCR variant amplifies RNA?
Standard PCR
RT-PCR
Multiplex PCR
Nested PCR
Which mechanism transfers resistance via bacteriophage?
Conjugation
Transformation
Transduction
Replication
