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WorksheetsRAD 255 Ch. 10 X-Ray Production
Total questions: 55
Worksheet time: 55mins
The primary function of the anode is to:
Convert electron energy into x-rays
Produce electrons
Absorb scatter radiation
Produce heat
Approximately what percentage of electron energy is converted into x-rays?
50%
25%
10%
Less than 1%
Characteristic radiation occurs when:
An electron is completely stopped
An electron collides with an outer-shell electron
An inner-shell electron is ejected
Heat is produced in the anode
Increasing kVp primarily affects the:
Quantity of x-rays
Quality (energy) of x-rays
Filament temperature
Exposure time
Doubling the mA will:
Double x-ray energy
Double x-ray quantity
Cut exposure in half
Reduce heat production
The line-focus principle allows:
Increased heat dissipation
Reduced patient dose
Lower kVp operation
A smaller effective focal spot
A rotating anode is used to:
Reduce x-ray energy
Increase focal spot size
Dissipate heat over a larger area
Decrease exposure time
The heel effect results in:
Increased exposure on the cathode side
Increased exposure on the anode side
Uniform beam intensity
Decreased patient dose
Which side of the x-ray tube has higher beam intensity?
Anode side
Center
Cathode side
Collimator side
The primary purpose of filtration is to:
Increase x-ray quantity
Increase heat production
Improve focal spot size
Remove low-energy x-rays
Added filtration is usually made of:
Lead
Copper
Aluminum
Tungsten
Filtration primarily affects:
Quantity only
Quality only
Neither quality nor quantity
Both quality and quantity
The glass envelope of the x-ray tube:
Absorbs all x-rays
Maintains a vacuum
Produces electrons
Rotates the anode
The vacuum inside the x-ray tube allows:
Efficient electron flow
Increased heat loss
Reduced image quality
Higher filtration
Increasing filament temperature will:
A. Decrease mA
B. Increase electron emission
C. Reduce heat production
D. Lower kVp
Decrease mA
Increase electron emission
Reduce heat production
Lower kVp
The target angle of most diagnostic x-ray tubes roughly ranges between:
1–3°
5–15°
20–30°
45–60°
Heat units are calculated using:
mA × time
kVp × mA × time
mAs × filtration
kVp × filtration
The rotor is part of the:
Filament circuit
Tube housing
Cathode
Anode
The stator is located:
Inside the glass envelope
In the control panel
Outside the glass envelope
In the collimator
The primary advantage of a rotating anode over a stationary anode is:
Smaller focal spot
Better heat dissipation
Less filtration
Lower radiation output
Stationary anodes are most commonly used in:
CT scanners
Fluoroscopy
Mammography
Dental x-ray units
Increasing exposure time while holding mA constant will:
Increase x-ray quality
Increase x-ray quantity
Decrease heat production
Lower kVp
mAs is a measure of:
Total x-ray quantity
Filtration
Beam quality
Beam energy
The x-ray tube housing serves all of the following EXCEPT:
Electrical insulation
Electron production
Radiation shielding
Heat absorption
Lead in the tube housing is used to:
Produce x-rays
Absorb leakage radiation
Filter low-energy photons
Increase beam intensity
The actual focal spot is:
Always smaller than the effective focal spot
The physical area bombarded by electrons
Projected onto the image receptor
Independent of heat
A smaller focal spot results in:
Increased spatial resolution
Increased heat capacity
More heel effect
Higher patient dose
Which factor does NOT affect x-ray beam quality?
kVp
Filtration
mA
Targtet material
Which factor does NOT affect x-ray beam quantity?
mA
Exposure time
kVp
SID
The x-ray spectrum graph plots:
mA vs time
Heat vs exposure
Photon energy vs intensity
kVp vs mAs
The maximum photon energy in an x-ray beam is determined by:
mA
kVp
Filtration
Exposure time
Which interaction produces a continuous spectrum of x-ray energies?
Characteristic interaction
Photoelectric interaction
Bremsstrahlung interaction
Compton interaction
Characteristic x-rays occur only when the incident electron has enough energy to:
Ionize the atom completely
Eject a valence electron
Heat the target material
Eject an inner-shell electron
The K-shell characteristic x-rays of tungsten primarily contribute to the beam at:
Mammographic energies
Low kVp techniques
High kVp techniques
All kVp settings
The kinetic energy of electrons striking the anode is controlled by:
mA
Filament temperature
kVP
Exposure time
Which adjustment increases both x-ray quantity AND quality?
Increasing kVp
Increasing mA
Increasing exposure time
Decreasing filtration
The majority of diagnostic x-rays originate from interactions:
At the filament
Near the surface of the target
Deep within the anode
In the glass envelope
What is the primary reason tungsten is preferred over copper as a target material?
Lower heat production
Lower cost
Easier electron emission
Higher atomic number
The anode heel effect causes variation in beam intensity due to:
Differences in kVp
Differences in mA
Self-absorption of x-rays
Filtration changes
To take advantage of the heel effect, the thicker anatomy should be placed toward the:
Anode side
Cathode side
Center of the beam
Collimator edge
A decrease in anode angle will result in:
A larger effective focal spot
Increased heel effect
Reduced heel effect
Reduced heat production
Which factor has the greatest influence on maximum photon energy?
mA
Exposure time
Filtration
kVp
Increasing filtration will:
Increase patient dose
Increase heat production
Increase beam intensity
Increase beam quality
The main disadvantage of a small focal spot is:
Reduced heat tolerance
Increased scatter radiation
Increased patient dose
Poor image resolution
Which circuit is responsible for controlling filament heating?
Exposure timer circuit
Rotor circuit
High-voltage circuit
Filament circuit
Which circuit is responsible for controlling filament heating?
High-voltage circuit
Filament circuit
Rotor circuit
Exposure timer circuit
The rotor begins spinning:
When the exposure switch is pressed halfway
When exposure terminates
When mA is increased
When kVp is selected
Failure of the rotor-stator system would most directly cause:
Increased patient dose
Reduced beam quality
Anode overheating
Loss of filtration
The energy lost by an electron during Bremsstrahlung interactions becomes:
Heat only
A characteristic photon
Visible light
An x-ray photon
Increasing mAs while holding kVp constant will:
Increase beam penetration
Increase maximum photon energy
Increase filtration
Increase beam quantity
The efficiency of x-ray production increases with:
Lower kVp
Lower atomic number
Increased filtration
Higher kVp
The actual focal spot size is determined by:
SID
Filament size
Anode angle
kVp
Which component absorbs heat and limits leakage radiation?
Tube housing
Glass envelope
Filament
Collimator
The glass envelope must be made of materials that:
Conduct electricity
Absorb all x-rays
Allow electron production
Withstand high temperatures
The primary determinant of spatial resolution related to the x-ray tube is:
kVp
mAs
FSS
Filtration
