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WorksheetsRAD 255 Ch. 21 Anode Bevel and Focal Spot
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 50mins
Proper use of the heel effect places the:
Thicker anatomy under the anode
Thinner anatomy under the cathode
Thicker anatomy under the cathode
Central ray over the anode
Which exam best benefits from the heel effect?
Skull
Hand
Femur
Chest
The heel effect is reduced by:
Increasing field size
Decreasing SID
Increasing SID
Decreasing kVp
Which factor does NOT influence the heel effect?
Anode angle
Field size
SID
mAs
Typical anode angles range from:
1–5°
6–12°
7–20°
25–45°
A larger anode angle:
Increases heel effect
Decreases field coverage
Increases field coverage
Decreases effective focal spot
Which is a disadvantage of a small anode angle?
Increased heat capacity
Limited field coverage
Larger focal spot
Increased tube life
The line focus principle improves:
Contrast
Magnification
Spatial resolution
Patient dose
Without the line focus principle:
Heat loading would increase
Resolution would decrease
Tube life would shorten
All of the above
Which exam benefits MOST from a small focal spot?
Abdomen
Chest
Extremities
Spine
Small focal spots are limited by:
Filtration
Heat loading
SID
kVp
Focal spot blooming occurs when:
kVp is increased
SID is increased
mA is increased
Field size is reduced
Blooming causes the focal spot to:
Decrease in size
Elongate
Increase in size
Rotate
The effective focal spot size varies across the field due to:
Heel effect
Filtration
Collimation
Grids
Geometric unsharpness is affected by:
Focal spot size
SID
OID
All of the above
Focal spot size has the greatest impact on:
Contrast
Density
Spatial resolution
Noise
The anode angle in mammography units is:
Larger than diagnostic
Smaller than diagnostic
The same as diagnostic
Variable only
Which side of the x-ray tube should be placed over the diaphragm for a chest x-ray?
Anode
Cathode
Either
Central ray
Failure to consider the heel effect may result in:
Uneven exposure
Increased contrast
Reduced motion blur
Decreased patient dose
Increasing rotation speed of the anode:
Decreases resolution
Increases heat concentration
Improves heat dissipation
Increases heel effect
Actual focal spot size remains constant while effective focal spot size changes due to:
Filament size
Tube current
Anode angle
SID
Which statement is TRUE?
Actual focal spot is always smaller than effective
Effective focal spot determines heat
Actual focal spot determines resolution
Effective focal spot determines resolution
A long exposure time with a small focal spot may cause:
Tube damage
Increased noise
Reduced contrast
Increased heel effect
The heel effect can be minimized by:
Using small anode angles
Using short SID
Collimating tightly
Increasing field size
Which factor MOST affects focal spot selection?
kVp
SID
mA
Examination type
The heel effect is greatest when the beam is:
Perpendicular
Angled toward the anode
Angled toward the cathode
Centered
Effective focal spot size:
Is always circular
Changes with anode angle
Equals filament size
Determines heat capacity
A disadvantage of a very small focal spot is:
Increased blur
Reduced resolution
Limited tube loading
Increased exposure
Focal spot blooming reduces:
Contrast
Density
Resolution
Penetration
A larger effective focal spot results in:
Increased detail
Reduced geometric blur
Increased unsharpness
Reduced magnification
Actual focal spot size determines:
Resolution
Heat production
Heel effect
Beam intensity
Which exam requires the highest spatial resolution?
Abdomen
Chest
Skull
Fingers
Increasing SID will:
Increase heel effect
Decrease heel effect
Increase focal spot size
Decrease heat loading
Smaller anode angles result in:
Greater field coverage
Reduced heel effect
Smaller effective focal spot
Larger actual focal spot
Which statement is FALSE?
Cathode side has higher intensity
Heel effect is due to anode absorption
Small focal spots allow higher mA
Large focal spots tolerate more heat
The focal spot is critical for controlling:
Contrast
Density
Sharpness
Exposure latitude
Excessive mA can cause focal spot:
Elongation
Blooming
Rotation
Filtration
Effective focal spot size is smallest on the:
Cathode side
Anode side
Center
Periphery
The heel effect is least noticeable in:
Large fields
Short SID
Long SID
Small anode angles
Why is the heel effect reduced at long SID?
Beam divergence decreases
Beam intensity increases
Filtration increases
Focal spot decreases
Larger focal spots:
Improve detail
Reduce heat
Increase tube loading
Decrease mA capability
The effective focal spot is always:
Equal to actual focal spot
Larger than actual focal spot
Smaller than actual focal spot
Independent of angle
Anode angle affects all EXCEPT:
Heel effect
Field coverage
Effective focal spot
Filament size
Which imaging factor is MOST affected by focal spot size?
Contrast
Density
Sharpness
Noise
The heel effect is caused by x-rays being:
Reflected
Scattered
Absorbed
Refracted
Using the correct focal spot improves:
Patient dose
Image noise
Image detail
Exposure latitude
Which side of the image is darker?
Anode
Cathode
Center
Collimator
A disadvantage of a large anode angle is:
Smaller effective focal spot
Increased heel effect
Reduced heat capacity
Larger effective focal spot
Line focus principle allows:
Smaller filament
Smaller effective focal spot
Reduced heel effect
Increased SID
Correct focal spot selection is a balance between:
Contrast and density
Resolution and heat
SID and OID
kVp and mAs
