How are models used in the engineering design process?

Engineers want to develop a more efficient dishwasher by decreasing the running time and the amount of water used per cycle. They design and test four different dishwasher prototypes. The bar graph shows the results of their tests. Which model best meets the design criteria? Circle the letter of the correct answer.

Nina plays catcher on her softball team. She wants to design a better mitt to catch the ball. Which step should she do first?

Sometimes a new product is test-marketed. A limited amount of the product is released to a select group of users. Then the group is observed carefully to see how the product performs. Which step might occur in the design process after a product is test-marketed and before large amounts are produced for sale?

On her way to school every day, Crissy needs to cross a creek that is five feet wide. The solution to her problem must be safe and easy to use, and she cannot ever get wet. She can use only a rope and some boards that are ten feet long. She brainstorms four ideas. Which idea meets all of her criteria and constraints?

How can scientists continue to improve safety in cars with airbags?

Which technology would help a town reduce the air pollution it makes?

Which statement supports the claim that relying only on fossil fuels is bad for the environment?

Jose and Marla were challenged to design a battery to light a small light bulb. Their batteries are shown in the picture. Compare the two batteries. Which battery meets the criterion of the challenge, and how could the other battery be improved?

Engineers make design changes to improve technologies based on society’s changing needs. Match the reason for the change to the technology. Cell phones are made with larger storage to hold the videos that the cameras can now take. Choose the reason for change.

Engineers make design changes to improve technologies based on society’s changing needs. Match the reason for the change to the technology. A toy whose batteries catch fire is replaced with safer batteries. Choose the reason for change.

Engineers make design changes to improve technologies based on society’s changing needs. Match the reason for the change to the technology. An oven is designed with separate compartments for different temperature needs. Choose the reason for change.

Before an engineer can install solar panels on a home, they do tasks that require math and science. Decide if the task requires the use of math or science to complete. provide a cost estimate

Before an engineer can install solar panels on a home, they do tasks that require math and science. Decide if the task requires the use of math or science to complete. study the local climate

Before an engineer can install solar panels on a home, they do tasks that require math and science. Decide if the task requires the use of math or science to complete. measure the angle of the roof

Before an engineer can install solar panels on a home, they do tasks that require math and science. Decide if the task requires the use of math or science to complete. calculate the energy required to power the house

Before an engineer can install solar panels on a home, they do tasks that require math and science. Decide if the task requires the use of math or science to complete. observe the shadows that cross the roof throughout the day

Mr. Jackson’s students do an experiment using a golf ball, a plastic ball, and a small rubber ball. They drop each ball in the same place from a height of two meters. The changed variable in this experiment was the ________. Choose the correct word.

Mr. Jackson’s students do an experiment using a golf ball, a plastic ball, and a small rubber ball. They drop each ball in the same place from a height of two meters. The ________ and ________ were kept the same. Select all that apply.

Fred wants to design a shirt that will help keep him cooler and that does not stain. He has some ideas about what to research. Select all of the topics he should research.

Isabelle is an engineer at a car company. She wants to design a device that will make cars safer and is easy to use while driving. She has four ideas. For each idea, choose whether it is Easy to Use While Driving, Makes Car Safer, or Both Safer and Easy to Use. automatic seat belts

Isabelle is an engineer at a car company. She wants to design a device that will make cars safer and is easy to use while driving. She has four ideas. For each idea, choose whether it is Easy to Use While Driving, Makes Car Safer, or Both Safer and Easy to Use. television with remote control

Isabelle is an engineer at a car company. She wants to design a device that will make cars safer and is easy to use while driving. She has four ideas. For each idea, choose whether it is Easy to Use While Driving, Makes Car Safer, or Both Safer and Easy to Use. lights that flash as music plays

Isabelle is an engineer at a car company. She wants to design a device that will make cars safer and is easy to use while driving. She has four ideas. For each idea, choose whether it is Easy to Use While Driving, Makes Car Safer, or Both Safer and Easy to Use. a switch under the hood that controls top speed

The students design an investigation to test if the pencil cases hold the required objects. Their steps are listed. Decide if each step is needed for a fair test. Record the results of the investigation.

The students design an investigation to test if the pencil cases hold the required objects. Their steps are listed. Decide if each step is needed for a fair test. Measure the length or width of each case.

The students design an investigation to test if the pencil cases hold the required objects. Their steps are listed. Decide if each step is needed for a fair test. Have different people repeat the investigation.

The students design an investigation to test if the pencil cases hold the required objects. Their steps are listed. Decide if each step is needed for a fair test. Put 5 pencils, 2 pens, and 1 eraser in each case.

The students design an investigation to test if the pencil cases hold the required objects. Their steps are listed. Decide if each step is needed for a fair test. Tell each other how to repeat the investigation without writing it down.

Students in a class are assigned the task of making their own pencil cases. Each case should hold at least 5 pencils, 2 pens, and 1 eraser. Students should finish the case in one class period. The teacher allows students to discuss their ideas with each other. The pictures show the students’ designs. Which question should the students research before starting this assignment? Circle the letter of the correct answer.

Students in a class are assigned the task of making their own pencil cases. Each case should hold at least 5 pencils, 2 pens, and 1 eraser. Students should finish the case in one class period. The teacher allows students to discuss their ideas with each other. The pictures show the students’ designs. Why did the teacher suggest that the students talk to each other about their design ideas? Circle the letters of two correct answers.

Choose the correct word for the sentence using the word bank: problem, solutions, conclusion, criteria, background research, constraints, more brainstorming, brainstorming. After a ______ has been identified, it is important to do background work to learn as much as possible about the issue.

Choose the correct word for the sentence using the word bank: problem, solutions, conclusion, criteria, background research, constraints, more brainstorming, brainstorming. It is important to do ______ to learn as much as possible about the issue.

Choose the correct word for the sentence using the word bank: problem, solutions, conclusion, criteria, background research, constraints, more brainstorming, brainstorming. This will lead to a more complete set of ______ and constraints.

Choose the correct word for the sentence using the word bank: problem, solutions, conclusion, criteria, background research, constraints, more brainstorming, brainstorming. This will lead to a more complete set of criteria and ______.

Reflect on problem-solving patterns. Number the design process steps 1–5 in order. Which step is number 1?

Reflect on problem-solving patterns. Number the design process steps 1–5 in order. Which step is number 2?

Reflect on problem-solving patterns. Number the design process steps 1–5 in order. Which step is number 3?

Reflect on problem-solving patterns. Number the design process steps 1–5 in order. Which step is number 4?

Reflect on problem-solving patterns. Number the design process steps 1–5 in order. Which step is number 5?

The design criteria for a new artificial heart include testing how long it can last. The table shows how long each model worked before showing wear. Which model should be used and why?

Explain how engineers improved vision technology over time. Number the steps from 1 to 5. Which step happened first?

Explain how engineers improved vision technology over time. Number the steps from 1 to 5. Which step happened second?

Explain how engineers improved vision technology over time. Number the steps from 1 to 5. Which step happened third?

Explain how engineers improved vision technology over time. Number the steps from 1 to 5. Which step happened fourth?

Explain how engineers improved vision technology over time. Number the steps from 1 to 5. Which step happened fifth?

Students test if pencil cases hold the required objects. Decide if the step is needed for a fair test: Put 5 pencils, 2 pens, and 1 eraser in each case.

Students test if pencil cases hold the required objects. Decide if the step is needed for a fair test: Measure the length or width of each case.

Students test if pencil cases hold the required objects. Decide if the step is needed for a fair test: Record the results of the investigation.

Students test if pencil cases hold the required objects. Decide if the step is needed for a fair test: Tell each other how to repeat the investigation without writing it down.

Students test if pencil cases hold the required objects. Decide if the step is needed for a fair test: Have different people repeat the investigation.

Before installing solar panels, engineers do tasks using math or science. Identify whether the task mainly uses math or science: provide a cost estimate.

Before installing solar panels, engineers do tasks using math or science. Identify whether the task mainly uses math or science: study the local climate.

Before installing solar panels, engineers do tasks using math or science. Identify whether the task mainly uses math or science: measure the angle of the roof.

Before installing solar panels, engineers do tasks using math or science. Identify whether the task mainly uses math or science: calculate the energy required to power the house.

Before installing solar panels, engineers do tasks using math or science. Identify whether the task mainly uses math or science: observe the shadows that cross the roof throughout the day.

Mr. Jackson’s students drop a golf ball, a plastic ball, and a rubber ball in the same place from a height of two meters. Identify the changed variable in this experiment.

Mr. Jackson’s students drop a golf ball, a plastic ball, and a rubber ball in the same place from a height of two meters. Identify the two things that were kept the same.

Ming wants to find out if air takes up space. Which experiment would best help her find this out? Circle the letter of the correct answer.

Which is true about a gas? Circle the letter of the correct answer.

What is matter? Circle the letter of the correct answer.

How do the properties of gases, liquids, and solids help the whipped-cream dispenser work? This metal container is a 1. _________. Attached is a charger filled with nitrous oxide, which is a 2. _________. The cream inside the canister is a 3. _________. Both the gas and the 4. _________ take on the shape of the 5. _________ charger and canister, but after they mix, they take on their own shape as whipped cream.

In the whipped-cream dispenser sentence above, choose the best word to complete blank 2: Attached is a charger filled with nitrous oxide, which is a _________.

In the whipped-cream dispenser sentence above, choose the best word to complete blank 3: The cream inside the canister is a _________.

In the whipped-cream dispenser sentence above, choose the best word to complete blank 4: Both the gas and the _________ take on the shape of the charger and canister.

In the whipped-cream dispenser sentence above, choose the best word to complete blank 5: Both the gas and the liquid take on the shape of the _________ charger and canister.

How can Sanjay model and explain the balloon’s changes in the liquid nitrogen experiment? Model shows beginning with warm air balloons, middle with balloons placed in cold liquid nitrogen and shrinking, and end with flat balloons warming and filling again.

How does temperature change affect the balloon’s size and shape? In the results table, choose the correct word for blank 1: Liquid is ________ than inside the balloon.

How does temperature change affect the balloon’s size and shape? In the results table, choose the correct word for blank 2: Particles are moving ________ at the beginning.

How does temperature change affect the balloon’s size and shape? In the results table, choose the correct word for blank 3: During the middle, particles move more ________.

How does temperature change affect the balloon’s size and shape? In the results table, choose the correct phrase for blank 4: In the middle, the balloon ________.

How does temperature change affect the balloon’s size and shape? In the results table, choose the correct phrase for blank 5: At the end, the balloon ________.

Why did the balloon change shape?

What will happen if the balloon is put in hot water?

Explain why Sanjay cannot see air molecules but knows they are there.

Ari makes six star-shaped cookies out of dough. He puts all of the cookies on a balance and measures the total mass as 36 grams. He then pushes the cookies into one big ball and measures the mass. What is the mass of the entire ball?

Ashley placed a notebook and sugar cubes on a scale. Which of these describes the mass of the notebook and sugar cubes?

Emma is studying the physical properties of a rock. She puts water in a cylinder and then puts the rock into the cylinder. Which property is Emma measuring?

These three pictures show the particles in a solid, a liquid, and a gas. Which number is correctly paired with the state of matter?

Which statement describes the shape of a solid?

Label each model with the term that describes the state of matter for the left circle model showing tightly packed particles.

Label each model with the term that describes the state of matter for the middle circle model showing few particles spread out.

Label each model with the term that describes the state of matter for the right circle model showing close particles that can move past one another.

Draw lines to match the tools in the right-hand column with the things they measure. Convert to questions: Which tool is used to measure mass?

Draw lines to match the tools in the right-hand column with the things they measure. Convert to questions: Which tool is used to measure volume?

Draw lines to match the tools in the right-hand column with the things they measure. Convert to questions: Which tool is used to measure length?

Which of these are considered matter? Select all that apply.

Which property of matter did you use to answer Question 17?

Which object has the property of conducting electricity? Circle the letter of the correct answer.

The list describes ways substances changed: 1. Powdered sugar dissolves in water. 2. A solid candy bar melts into a liquid. 3. Paper catches on fire and turns into ash. 4. Several metals are mixed together to form an alloy. Which numbers from the list describe a solution? Circle the letter of the correct answer.

Match each property of an eraser to how it might work. Choose the best description. If the eraser is flexible, which description is most accurate?

A phase change occurs when matter changes from one state to another (solid, liquid, gas). Complete the table by selecting the correct term for each blank. For a solid to become a liquid, which term best completes: Add or remove energy — ______.

Mara wants to prevent her candy bar from melting at the park. She tests different materials to see which ones stop or allow heat to pass through. For each material below, choose whether it is a conductor (allows heat to pass) or an insulator (prevents heat transfer). Cloth is a ______.

Casey wants to make a sugary fruit drink. She pours white powder into a glass of water. The pictures show the powder before and after stirring. Explain whether the contents of the glass are solution, mixture, or alloy.

Suppose you were asked to identify the desirable properties of the glass used in fire trucks. Select all of the terms that describe the desirable properties.

Why is a vegetable salad considered a mixture?

A scientist has a small container of ocean water. She wants to keep it from changing so that she can study it further. Her lab gets a lot of sunlight every day. What can she do to keep the ocean water from changing?

Read each question. Follow the instructions to answer the questions. When a candle wick burns, the wax around the wick melts and appears to become smaller in size. Which statement is true? Circle the letter of the correct answer.

A half-eaten apple is left on a counter and turns brown. Which of these is evidence a chemical change took place? Circle the letter of the correct answer.

Tyler puts a ball of clay into a glass of water to find the volume. Next, he flattens the ball into a pancake shape. Then he puts the clay in the water again. What will happen to the volume of Tyler’s piece of clay? Circle the letter of the correct answer.

What happened to the black metal after Kelsey and Mickey poured one ounce of water on it every three days for five weeks, causing it to become covered with orange powder, while the shiny silver metal stayed the same? Why did the black metal lose weight, dropping from $$10$$ ounces to $$8.5$$ ounces after the orange powder was scraped off? The black metal was iron. When iron is exposed to water, it forms _________.

What happened to the black metal after Kelsey and Mickey poured one ounce of water on it every three days for five weeks, causing it to become covered with orange powder, while the shiny silver metal stayed the same? Why did the black metal lose weight, dropping from $$10$$ ounces to $$8.5$$ ounces after the orange powder was scraped off? The girls learned in class about conservation of _________.

What happened to the water in the two pots that were boiled at the same temperature and for the same amount of time—one with the lid on and one with the lid off—and how did the graph show changes in their water weights before heating, during boiling, and after cooling?

Using the graph, decide whether this sentence is true or false: The water changed color as it heated.

Using the graph, decide whether this sentence is true or false: The water in the pot with no lid just disappeared.

Using the graph, decide whether this sentence is true or false: The water became steam during the heating process.

Using the graph, decide whether this sentence is true or false: The water in the pot with a lid condensed back into the pot.

Using the graph, decide whether this sentence is true or false: The water in the pot with a lid has less water than it started with.

Jarell was testing different materials to study chemical changes. He knew new materials form when a chemical change happens. After observing each reaction, what caused the chemical change? For each statement, choose Moisture or Heat as the cause: Rocks erode.

Jarell was testing different materials to study chemical changes. He knew new materials form when a chemical change happens. After observing each reaction, what caused the chemical change? For each statement, choose Moisture or Heat as the cause: Nails get rusty.

Jarell was testing different materials to study chemical changes. He knew new materials form when a chemical change happens. After observing each reaction, what caused the chemical change? For each statement, choose Moisture or Heat as the cause: Wood becomes ash and gases.

Jarell was testing different materials to study chemical changes. He knew new materials form when a chemical change happens. After observing each reaction, what caused the chemical change? For each statement, choose Moisture or Heat as the cause: Leaves break down into compost.

Antoine placed some metal in a sealed container filled with air and measured the total weight as $$250$$ grams. He then heated the container until the metal changed color. After heating, what should he predict about the weight of the closed container—will it be greater than $$250$$ grams, equal to $$250$$ grams, or less than $$250$$ grams—and why?

LaToya measured $$60$$ milliliters of vinegar into a bottle. She measured $$5$$ grams of baking soda into a balloon. She placed the balloon over the top of the bottle and shook the baking soda into the vinegar. She repeated these steps, adding $$10$$ , $$15$$ , and $$20$$ grams of baking soda. She put her observations in a table. Which conclusion is supported by her data?

Joyce measured $$60$$ milliliters of hydrogen peroxide into a beaker and measured its temperature. She added yeast to the hydrogen peroxide and stirred the beaker. She measured the temperature at three different times in degrees Celsius ( $$^{\circ}$$ C). She wrote down her measurements and observations in a table. Which sentence describes her results?

Charles makes three mixtures of milk and peanut butter. He puts lids on each container and freezes each mixture. Measurements: Container 1— $$10$$ grams milk, $$11$$ grams total mass, $$11$$ grams frozen mass; Container 2— $$20$$ grams milk, $$21$$ grams total mass, $$21$$ grams frozen mass; Container 3— $$30$$ grams milk, $$31$$ grams total mass, $$31$$ grams frozen mass. Circle the letters of all the statements that describe the patterns in the mixtures.

Tania is going to make soup. She combines $$225$$ grams of water with $$300$$ grams of condensed soup. Tania then adds $$50$$ grams of celery and $$10$$ grams of carrots. How much soup does Tania have before she warms it on the stove?

Natasha puts $$2$$ ounces of hot chocolate powder into $$8$$ ounces of water. She mixes them together. Natasha heats the hot chocolate mixture for one minute. Circle the letters of the phrases that describe the mixture after mixing.

Malia puts $$225$$ grams of water in a pot on the stove. She heats the water. She checks the pot in $$5$$ minutes and notices there seems to be less water. She checks it again every $$5$$ minutes. How much water has turned into water vapor, and how much remains in the pot as time goes by? Write one letter in each box to correctly complete the table. At $$10$$ minutes, how many grams of water remain?

Malia puts $$225$$ grams of water in a pot on the stove. She heats the water. She checks the pot in $$5$$ minutes and notices there seems to be less water. She checks it again every $$5$$ minutes. How much water has turned into water vapor, and how much remains in the pot as time goes by? Write one letter in each box to correctly complete the table. At $$20$$ minutes, how many grams of water remain?

What can plants do that animals cannot do? Circle the letter of the correct answer.

Gail puts a green plant in a closed wooden box. She gives it good soil and plenty of water. What will happen to the plant? Circle the letter of the correct answer.

The picture shows the movement of matter and energy that occurs during photosynthesis. Circle the letters of all the statements that apply.

Think about plants. List three things a plant needs to make sugar. Convert your response to a multi-select by choosing all that apply.

Besides sugar, what does a plant make? Choose the correct answer.

Plants, mice, snakes, and hawks live in a prairie area. How is the plant different from the snake? Circle the letter of the correct answer.

The list describes what some living things do: 1. grow 2. stay warm 3. repair their bodies 4. get energy from the sun. Which numbers represent ways that animals use energy? Circle the letter of the correct answer.

What do all animals need for growth? Circle the letter of the correct answer.

In a food chain, plants use sunshine and water to make food. Insects are 1. _________ that eat the plants. Choose the correct role.

Organisms such as worms are 2. _________; they break down dead animals and plants into nutrients that help new organisms grow. Choose the correct role.

Nutrients help new 3. _________ grow. Choose the correct role for the living things that make food.

In cold climates, mammals like polar bears stay warm using energy from their food. How does this food help them stay warm? Number the steps of the food‑energy cycle from first to last. Which option shows the correct order using the numbered statements below? 1) Movement uses energy and causes the need for more food, keeping body temperature constant. 2) Chemicals in an animal’s body break down food into nutrients. 3) Nutrients in plants give animals energy to grow and move. 4) Movement causes an animal’s body temperature to rise. 5) Energy from sunlight helps plants produce food.

The picture shows some living things found in an ocean environment: shark, green algae, small fish, and sea lion. Explain how the animals and plants in the ocean interact to meet all their needs. Choose the best explanation.

Identify additional resources Jackie could use to write her report about the ocean environment. Select all that apply.

Explain why the sea lion is both a predator and prey in this ocean environment. Choose the best explanation.

The diagram includes a producer and a consumer. What do the arrows represent?

A bee collects nectar from a flower. The nectar is taken back to the beehive, where it is made into honey. The honey is used as food for the entire beehive. Where does the energy of the honey originally come from?

Students test how less sunlight affects an aquarium ecosystem. All tanks have the same plants and fish but receive different sunlight hours. What should they measure?

Which of the following show(s) that animals use energy? Select all that apply.

Describe the roles of energy and matter in body processes for pandas. Choose the best statement.

Explain why pandas need food. Choose the best reason.

Identify the source of the energy in panda food. Choose the best answer.

Why the snake does not need to eat daily? Choose the best explanation.

What is the original source of the energy that the horse uses to grow and survive? How do you know? Choose the best answer.

Develop a model to show how these organisms might interact in an ecosystem. Which food chain is a reasonable model using the organisms: Lettuce, Grass, Grasshopper, Lizard, Hawk, Chicken?

Which type of process releases the energy stored in food? Choose the best answer.

How many organisms use the energy from food to carry out life functions? Choose the best answer.

Read each question. Follow the instructions to answer. What does a food web show? Circle the letter of the correct answer.

This picture shows a food chain of some living things in an area. Which organism gets its energy directly from the sun? Circle the letter of the correct answer.