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WorksheetsNCM 104 FINAL EXAM
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 53mins
The term “distribution” in the definition of Epidemiology refers to magnitude of disease frequency according to:
Person characteristics
Place characteristics
Time of occurrence
All of the above
The following are person characteristics except:
Race
Religion
Socioeconomic status
None of the above
Which of the following can be considered as biological “determinants” of disease?
Lifestyle
Virus
Climate
Environmental conditions
A public health nurse can apply the principles of Epidemiology for:
Diagnosing the health status of the community
Identifying risk factors of a disease
Monitoring and evaluation of health interventions
All of the above
The following are examples of morbidity indicators except:
Incidence density rate
Case fatality rate
Cumulative incidence
Prevalence proportion
The health indicator that measures the percentage of both old and new cases of a disease over the number of people examined at one point in time is:
Incidence density rate
Case fatality rate
Cumulative incidence
Prevalence proportion
The mortality indicator which measures the risk of dying among persons with a particular disease is:
Case fatality rate
Cause of death rate
Infant mortality rate
Neonatal mortality rate
Which among the following is/are true about the population pyramid?
High fertility and high mortality among the elderly is depicted by a triangular-shaped pyramid
A rectangular shape depicts high mortality in the younger age groups
It shows the distribution of the population by age and health status
None of the above
Which of the following cannot be a source of health statistics?
Municipal health offices
Health insurance companies
Internet
None of the above
The following are mandated by Republic Act No. 3573 to report notifiable diseases to local and national health authorities, except:
Physicians
Nurses
Midwives
Patients
Which of the following is false about the public health surveillance system?
It serves as an early warning system of an impending epidemic
It may also monitor the risk factors of diseases that are deemed to be of public health importance
It covers all diseases, whether communicable or non-communicable
None of the above
The epidemiological model of disease causation that depicts the relationship of the human host, the infectious agent and the environment is:
Epidemiologic triad
Wheel model
Web model
None of the above
The morbidity indicator that can be derived from a cross-sectional study is:
Cumulative incidence
Incidence density rate
Prevalence proportion
All of the above
The type of observational study that best elucidates the natural history of disease.
Case series
Survey
Prospective cohort study
None of the above
The “agent” in the wheel model of disease causation refers to:
Microbes
Nutritive factors
Chemical/physical factors
All of the above
The following can be considered as occurrence of a disease outbreak except:
A single case of smallpox detected in a research institute
30 cases of malaria over the past 20 years in an endemic barangay of Palawan
20 cases of food poisoning among those who attended a company party
2 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) among passengers of an airplane flight
What is the first step that an epidemiologist should do in investigating an outbreak?
Verify whether there really has been an outbreak
Gather relevant information from the patients and the environment
Establish the operational definition of a case
Inform the media about the outbreak that will be investigated
Which is true about monitoring of health interventions?
It is a continuous activity undertaken throughout implementation of the program
It determines whether the objectives of the program are achieved
It is intended to inform policymakers and planners about the efficacy of the intervention
All of the above
Evaluation of health intervention involves:
Identifying problems and taking corrective actions during program implementation
Quality assurance throughout the implementation of the program
Providing feedback on the results and impact of the project/program
All of the above
The main role of epidemiology in health policy formulation is:
Analyze the contents of the policy
Provide evidence why the policy should be formulated
Lobby to legislators for support to the policy
All of the above
Nursing is a profession that aims to respond to the needs of society. Which of the following fields of human service is the primary concern of community health nursing?
Providing nursing care to the sick in the community.
Developing the capacity of clients in dealing with health needs.
Establishing linkages among different health agencies in the community.
Contributing to community and national development.
The community health nurse promotes equity in providing health services that promote and preserve the health of populations. Which of the following actions of the nurse illustrates this concept?
Supporting and implementing health policies that uphold social justice.
Focusing on the control of the leading causes of illness and death in the community.
Offering health education on health promotion and preservation, and disease prevention.
Providing competent nursing care to individuals and families in the catchment population.
The concept of health has evolved from a medical term to its current social context. Which of the following situations best depicts this present-day idea of health?
The nurse follows up sick members of the community in their homes.
The nurse conducts a mothers’ class on proper planning, preparation and serving of solid foods to their young children.
Motivated by the nurse, the community conducts a “search and destroy” campaign for breeding places of mosquitoes.
The health center team conducts regular outreach activities for maternal and young child services to remote areas of the municipality.
Community health determinants may be modifiable or non-modifiable. Which of the following conditions of the community can be changed through individual and community efforts?
Sex composition
Age composition
Physical environment
Genetic characteristics
Community health status is influenced by various factors. Which of the following factors affecting health status is best addressed by changes in public policies?
Dietary patterns
Customs and traditions
Environmental conditions
Genetic transmission of congenital defects
Death statistics of a community are good indicators of its health status. Which community characteristics can be reflected in death statistics?
Quality of health services
General economic condition
Lifestyle of the people
Prevalent health practices
At the national level, the Department of Health provides leadership by formulating plans and policies for public health. DOH public health plans and policies are mostly focused on?
health promotion and disease prevention.
early diagnosis and treatment of disease.
control of communicable diseases.
organizing the community.
Community health involves the members of the community, government institutions, and the private sector, including non-governmental organizations or NGOs. This statement
is true.
is false.
may be true or false, depending on one’s perspective.
is something that the community should strive to achieve.
Among the following nursing actions, which is an example of primary level prevention?
Giving young children a substance to expel intestinal worms every 6 months.
Teaching pregnant women about good nutritional practices during pregnancy.
Instructing mothers on the use of oral rehydrating solution for children with diarrhea.
Taking the weight of a group of under-5-year-old children in a barangay (Operation Timbang).
Community health nursing, public health nursing, and community-based nursing are fields of professional nursing practice. When a nurse makes a home visit to provide nursing care to a patient who had a stroke, one can best describe the practice as
Public health nursing.
Community health nursing.
Community-based nursing.
Public and community-health nursing.
CHN is a community-based practice. Which best explains this statement?
Community health nursing is population focused. Which of the following situations best illustrates this feature?
The nurse organizes the community to enable it to deal with a particular health problem.
The community health plan is designed to prevent frequently encountered health problems.
Community leaders participate actively in decision-making and implementing a health plan.
The nurse motivates most of the population to participate in resolving a particular health problem.
The community health nurse deals with several levels of clientele. Still, the family is the basic unit of care in community health practice because
the health of people is strongly influenced by the family situation.
it is easier to follow up a patient when the nurse knows the family residence.
the family members are essential resources in providing care to dependent and sick persons.
the family’s financial status is a major factor in determining what kind of care can be given to a patient.
The Intervention Wheel is a generally accepted framework for community and public health nursing practice. Which of the following statements is NOT relevant to the Intervention Wheel?
It takes individual members of the community into consideration, as in case finding.
Case-finding at the individual level leads to a population-based disease surveillance.
It is based on the idea that public health services are provided outside the hospital system.
The 17 public health interventions are directed towards improving or protecting health status.
Public health services are provided by government facilities. What is the most appropriate response of a public health nurse to the statement, “The government should give these services free of charge to citizens”?
Yes. For that reason, we should choose our government officials wisely during elections
Yes, I agree. But right now, the government does not have the necessary resources to do that
This is an ideal situation that our government should attempt to attain and maintain in the near future
Many public health services seem like they are given free, But we pay for them just the same through our taxes
Nurses in the Philippines are guided by competency standards in the practice of the profession. The public health nurse ensures the maintenance of proper storage temperatures for vaccines to be given to patients. This action best illustrates which key area of responsibility of the nurse?
Management of resources and environment
Collaboration and teamwork
Ethico-moral responsibility
Quality improvement
A nurse is assigned to a rural barangay with high malnutrition rates. Which nursing action best reflects the foundation of CPHN?
Providing individualized hospital care
Distributing food supplies without follow-up
Implementing a community feeding program with evaluation
Transferring children to tertiary hospitals
While orienting new nurses, you emphasize that CPHN focuses on:
The treatment of diseases in tertiary hospitals
Preventive and promotive health for communities
Emergency medical interventions alone
Exclusive care for individual patients
A new graduate argues that CPHN is less scientific than hospital care. The correct response is:
CPHN has no scientific foundation, but we use experience.
Hospital care is more scientific than community practice.
We rely only on tradition in CPHN work.
CPHN integrates both nursing science and public health.
A nurse working in industry provides health education to workers. This demonstrates CPHN’s role in the field of:
Occupational health nursing
Clinical nursing
School health nursing
Maternal and child nursing
The Department of Health (DOH) envisions making Filipinos among the healthiest people in Asia by 2040. Which of the following strategies BEST aligns with achieving this vision?
Focusing solely on curative services in urban hospitals to reduce mortality rates.
Strengthening the primary health care system including equitable access, health promotion, and preventive services nationwide.
Prioritizing exclusive healthcare services for the wealthiest provinces to showcase advanced medical technology.
Reducing healthcare workforce training to save government expenditures in the short term.
In community health nursing, how is the individual primarily viewed as a client?
only a physical being requiring treatment
As a biopsychosocial and spiritual being
As a patient isolated from the family context
As a population statistic for health data
There are many definitions of the family. A common idea in many of these definitions is that it is a social unit, that is, two or more persons who ________
share a common culture
live together under one roof
are related to one another by blood
are joined together by bonds or ties
A man lives with his wife and her children from a previous marriage. In terms of its composition, this family is
blended
extended
compound
cohabiting
It is important for the community health nurse to be able to provide care to families in the catchment population. In what fields of community practice can family health care be provided?
Public health nursing
School health nursing
Faith community nursing
Occupational health nursing
Family interviewing is useful not only for family assessment but also as a means for family interventions. The nurse tells the mother that she has done well in complying with the schedule of immunization for her infant. What element of family interviewing is the nurse utilizing in this situation?
Manners
Therapeutic question
Therapeutic conversation
Commending a family strength
During a home visit, which advantage best supports effective nursing care?
The nurse can control environmental factors easily
The nurse can perform assessments unrelated to the home
The nurse adapts interventions according to family resources and environment
The nurse spends less time compared to clinic visits
During a home visit to follow up a patient on treatment for tuberculosis, the patient’s wife tells the nurse that her husband is really busy with his job to go to the health center to get his supply of medications. What is the area of assessment in the family coping index that the nurse must consider to help this family?
Physical independence
Therapeutic competence
Knowledge of health condition
Application of principles of personal and general hygiene
Each type of family-nurse contact has advantages and disadvantages. What is the major advantage of home visit over the other types?
It saves much nursing time and effort
It allows firsthand appraisal of the home situation
It promotes the development of family initiative in health care
It provides an opportunity for sharing ideas among people faced with similar conditions
Which nursing approach fosters cooperation and leadership development among families in a community?
Written communication only
Home visits without family interaction
Group conferences with shared experiences
Isolated individual consultations
Maria is a nurse conducting a home visit. She meets a family consisting of a husband, wife, their two children, and Maria's grandparents who live in the same household. Which type of family is Maria most likely visiting?
Nuclear Family
Extended Family
Single Parent Family
Blended Family
A community health nurse visits a family where the father is chronically ill. The family members share the caregiving responsibilities, manage the home environment, and seek community health services when needed. Which nursing concept does this BEST illustrate?
The family as a disease vector
The family as a basic unit of care
The family as a passive recipient of care
The family as an isolated individual
During a home visit, a nurse assesses the family's ability to recognize health problems, seek timely care, and manage crises. Which family health task is the nurse evaluating?
Maintaining a supportive home base
Recognizing interruptions of health or development
Maintaining reciprocal relations with community resources
Providing nursing care to a dependent family member
Which nursing action BEST demonstrates therapeutic competence in working with families in a community setting?
Respecting family values while setting realistic health goals
Administering medications to individual family members
Encouraging family members to avoid seeking external help
Replacing family decision-making with clinical directives
The nurse plans home visits to a family with multiple members chronically ill. Which approach BEST supports the family-centered care model in community health nursing?
Focusing care on the most severely ill family member only
Assessing the health needs of all family members and involving them in goal setting
Providing health education solely to the family head
Limiting visits to reduce family dependence on nursing
Which of the following BEST illustrates the ‘family as a health system’ concept in community nursing?
Family members’ health problems and behaviors affect each other
Family members all have identical health needs
The family functions isolated from the community
Only the head of the family influences health decisions
When working with a Filipino family in a community, what cultural consideration should the nurse prioritize to provide effective care?
Understanding and respecting extended family involvement
Promoting individualism over family decision-making
Encouraging rapid discharge from community services
Avoiding discussions about family roles and dynamics
Generally, children learn behavior acceptable to the other members of the community from their parents. Which function of the family does this illustrate?
Status placement
Welfare and protection
Socialization of family members
Physical maintenance of its members
The house has to be meticulously inspected for accident/poisoning hazards in which of these families?
Family parenting young children
Family with an adolescent
Family with elderly members
Family with a single parent
The family facilitates case finding for health problems that may present risks for the entire family. Which of the following is an example of this statement?
The school nurse visits the family of a young pupil with signs of chicken pox.
The mother provides home care to her two children diagnosed to have chicken pox.
During a home visit, the nurse observes for the presence of accident hazards in the home.
The mother tells the nurse that her 3-year old who had measles the past month still has mouth sores
What is the primary goal of community health nursing when the individual and the family are considered as clients?
To support medical professionals only in hospitals
To enhance the capacity of individuals and families to cope with their health needs
To increase productivity through employment services
To promote exclusive care for mothers and children only
The Department of Health is an enabler and capacity builder. Which of the following specific functions is relevant to this role of the DOH?
Advocate for health promotion and healthy life styles
Monitor and evaluate the implementation of health programs
Serve as a technical authority in disease control and prevention
Protect standards of excellence in the training and education of health care providers
Out-patient health facilities in the country are classified according to the type of services they provide. What is the classification of a short-stay facility like a Lying-in Clinic?
Therapeutic facility
Primary care facility
Custodial care facility
Specialized out-patient facility
Which of the following is the best infection control practice regarding a nursing bag?
Keeping nursing supplies organized but never disinfecting the bag
Regularly cleaning and disinfecting the nursing bag to prevent the spread of pathogens
Using the nursing bag interchangeably for clinical and personal items without cleaning
Storing contaminated materials in the nursing bag without proper containment
Why is it important to wash hands before and after assessing each family member during nursing care?
To avoid spreading microorganisms and prevent infection transmission between patients
Handwashing is only necessary after assessment, not before
Hand hygiene is only required when hands are visibly soiled
Gloves alone eliminate the need for handwashing
Family interviewing is useful not only for family assessment but also as a means for family interventions. The nurse tells the mother that she has done well in complying with the schedule of immunization for her infant. What element of family interviewing is the nurse utilizing in this situation?
Manners
Therapeutic question
Therapeutic conversation
Commending a family strength
Which is the correct order of care when a Public Health Nurse performs multiple home visits in one day?
Start with the most contaminated clients first, then move to the cleanest individuals
Clean and contaminated clients can be seen in any order without precaution
Begin with clean individuals first, then proceed to those who are contaminated to prevent infection spread.
It does not matter as long as the nurse washes hands before leaving
The nurse may use different tools in family assessment. Which tool best depicts the family's relationship with other institutions?
Ecomap
Genogram
Family health tree
Family Assessment Form
Family interviewing is useful not only for family assessment but also as a means for family interventions. The nurse tells the mother that she has done well in complying with the schedule of immunization for her infant. What element of family interviewing is the nurse utilizing in this situation?
Manners
Therapeutic question
Therapeutic conversation
Commending family strength
When formulating objectives for the family health plan, the nurse and the family must consider resources available to them. This is related to which of the following characteristics of well stated objectives?
Specificity
Measurable outcomes
Communicating family strength
Realistic and achievable
Each type of family-nurse contact has advantages and disadvantages. What is the major advantage of home visit over the other types?
It saves much nursing time and effort.
It allows firsthand appraisal of the home situation.
It promotes the development of family initiative in health care.
It provides an opportunity for sharing ideas among people faced with similar conditions
You decided to visit the De la Cruz family to determine if they have any nursing needs. This is an illustration of which principle of planning?
A home visit should have a purpose.
A home visit plan should be practical and adaptable.
A home visit plan focuses on identifying needs of the family.
When planning a home visit, use all available information about the family.
The nursing bag serves as a container for the articles that may be used by the nurse in providing care for families. Which of the following general principles in the use of the bag is most important?
It helps the nurse with infection control.
It may be performed in different ways.
It allows the nurse to give care efficiently.
Applying the bag technique must not remove the nurse’s focus on the family.
Which of the following is an example of a therapeutic question used by nurses to encourage patient expression and support?
“Why did you not take your medication yesterday?”
“Can you tell me more about how you are feeling today?”
“Did you follow the doctor's orders completely?”
“Are you sure you want to make this decision?”
Which of the following statements is an example of a therapeutic conversation by a nurse?
You should follow the instructions carefully to avoid complications.
How are you feeling about the changes in your health today
You must take your medication on time, no excuses.
I don’t have time to discuss that right now.
Which approach demonstrates the correct manner when a nurse is conducting a family interview?
Asking questions rapidly to finish quickly
Speaking in a calm, respectful tone while actively listening
Interrupting family members to correct misinformation
Ignoring non-verbal cues and focusing only on verbal answers
Which of the following statements best demonstrates the nurse’s use of commending family or individual strengths during a family interview?
“You have faced many challenges, but your ability to support each other is impressive.”
“You need to improve your health habits immediately.”
“Why haven’t you been following the treatment plan?”
“It’s hard to help when family members don’t cooperate.”
Which of the following is an example of obtaining secondary data in a family health assessment?
Asking family members about their current health concerns
Reviewing the family’s medical records and health history documents
Observing family interactions during the interview
Conducting a physical examination of a family member
The nurse may use different tools in family assessment. Which tool best depicts the outline of family structure across three generations?
Ecomap
Genogram
Family health tree
Family Assessment Form
Rather than focusing health resources on management of malnutrition in the community, the health team decided to have an intensive health education campaign on breastfeeding and application of nutritional guidelines for Filipinos. What principle of community health nursing is applied in this situation?
Promote optimum use of resources.
Promote a healthy physical and psychosocial environment.
In selecting appropriate activities, focus on primary prevention.
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