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The Game is Over

Total questions: 91

Worksheet time: 3hrs 6mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following tests is best used to compare two independent groups with ordinal data?

a)

Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test

b)

Kruskal-Wallis Test

c)

Mann-Whitney U Test

d)

ANOVA

2.

What type of data do nonparametric tests often use?

a)

Continuous and exact values

b)

Ordinal or ranked data

c)

Binary data only

d)

Normal distribution data

3.

What does the Hypothesis Matrix (H) show in MANOVA?

a)

Variance between each group

b)

Difference from overall mean

c)

Sum of total errors

d)

Number of dependent variables

4.

Which test statistic in MANOVA is known to be most robust to non-normality?

a)

Roy’s Maximum Root

b)

Wilks’ Lambda

c)

Hotelling-Lawley Trace

d)

Pillai’s Trace

5.

The Error Matrix (E) in MANOVA measures how different each group’s mean is from the overall mean.

a)

True

b)

False

6.

A smaller value of Wilks’ Lambda means the groups are more likely different.

a)

True

b)

False

7.

In regression formula, X is the thing we want to predict.

a)

True

b)

False

8.

The accuracy of inferential statistics depends on how representative the sample is.

a)

True

b)

False

9.

Discrete probability distributions can take infinite values.

a)

True

b)

False

10.

Inferential statistics are useful when studying the entire population is not practical.

a)

True

b)

False

11.

Choose the correct equation for Wilks Lambda.

a)

Λ=EH+E\Lambda = \frac{|E|}{|H| + |E|}

b)

T02=trace(HE1)T_0^2 = \mathrm{trace}(HE^{-1})

c)

V=trace(H(H+E1))V = \mathrm{trace}(H(H + E^{-1}))

d)

θ=maxeigenvalue(HE1)\theta = \max \, eigenvalue(HE^{-1})

12.

Choose the correct equation for the Hotelling-Lawley Trace.

a)

Λ=EH+E\Lambda = \frac{|E|}{|H| + |E|}

b)

T02=trace(HE1)T_0^2 = \mathrm{trace}(HE^{-1})

c)

V=trace(H(H+E1))V = \mathrm{trace}(H(H + E^{-1}))

d)

θ=maxeigenvalue(HE1)\theta = \max \, eigenvalue(HE^{-1})

13.

Choose the correct equation for Pillai’s Trace.

a)

Λ=EH+E\Lambda = \frac{|E|}{|H| + |E|}

b)

T02=trace(HE1)T_0^2 = \mathrm{trace}(HE^{-1})

c)

V=trace(H(H+E1))V = \mathrm{trace}(H(H + E^{-1}))

d)

θ=maxeigenvalue(HE1)\theta = \max \, eigenvalue(HE^{-1})

14.

Choose the correct equation for Roy’s Maximum Root.

a)

Λ=EH+E\Lambda = \frac{|E|}{|H| + |E|}

b)

T02=trace(HE1)T_0^2 = \mathrm{trace}(HE^{-1})

c)

V=trace(H(H+E1))V = \mathrm{trace}(H(H + E^{-1}))

d)

θ=maxeigenvalue(HE1)\theta = \max \, eigenvalue(HE^{-1})

15.

Using a two‑tailed t‑test at α=0.05\alpha=0.05 with critical values ±2.093\pm 2.093 , a nutrition label claims a drink contains 200 calories. A sample of n=20n=20 bottles has a sample mean of 193 calories and a sample standard deviation of 12 calories. Select the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses for testing whether the mean calories differ from 200.

a)

H0: μ=200H_0:\ \mu=200 ; H1: μ200H_1:\ \mu\neq200

b)

H0: μ200H_0:\ \mu\neq200 ; H1: μ=200H_1:\ \mu=200

c)

H0: μ>200H_0:\ \mu>200 ; H1: μ<200H_1:\ \mu<200

d)

H0: μ<200H_0:\ \mu<200 ; H1: μ>200H_1:\ \mu>200

16.

Using two‑tailed test at α=0.05\alpha=0.05 , critical t=±2.093t=\pm2.093 ; n=20n=20 , sample mean 193, sample standard deviation 12, test against population mean 200. What is the calculated t‑statistic (rounded to two decimals)?

a)

−2.60

b)

−2.09

c)

−1.93

d)

2.60

17.

Using the same drink‑calorie context and the calculated t2.60t\approx-2.60 compared to the critical values ±2.093\pm2.093 , what is the correct decision?

a)

Reject the null hypothesis

b)

Fail to reject the null hypothesis

c)

Increase the sample size and retest instead of making a decision

d)

Switch to a one‑tailed test

18.

Two diets are tested with a two‑tailed t‑test at α=0.05\alpha=0.05 and critical values ±2.011\pm2.011 . Diet A: mean weight lost xˉ1=4.2\bar{x}_1=4.2 kg, s1=1.1s_1=1.1 , n1=25n_1=25 . Diet B: mean weight lost xˉ2=3.7\bar{x}_2=3.7 kg, s2=1.3s_2=1.3 , n2=25n_2=25 . Assume equal variances. Select the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses for testing whether the diets differ in effectiveness.

a)

H0: μ1=μ2H_0:\ \mu_1=\mu_2 ; H1: μ1μ2H_1:\ \mu_1\neq\mu_2

b)

H0: μ1μ2H_0:\ \mu_1\neq\mu_2 ; H1: μ1=μ2H_1:\ \mu_1=\mu_2

c)

H0: μ1>μ2H_0:\ \mu_1>\mu_2 ; H1: μ1<μ2H_1:\ \mu_1<\mu_2

d)

H0: μ1<μ2H_0:\ \mu_1<\mu_2 ; H1: μ1>μ2H_1:\ \mu_1>\mu_2

19.

Using the diet context with equal variances: xˉ1=4.2\bar{x}_1=4.2 , s1=1.1s_1=1.1 , n1=25n_1=25 ; xˉ2=3.7\bar{x}_2=3.7 , s2=1.3s_2=1.3 , n2=25n_2=25 . What is the pooled‑variance two‑sample t‑statistic (rounded to two decimals)?

a)

1.46

b)

2.01

c)

0.73

d)

−1.46

20.

Using the diet context and the calculated t1.46t\approx1.46 compared to the critical values ±2.011\pm2.011 , what is the correct decision?

a)

Fail to reject the null hypothesis

b)

Reject the null hypothesis

c)

Use a one‑tailed test instead of deciding

d)

Conclude that Diet A is significantly better than Diet B

21.

Why do some people use data marketplaces?

a)

To find movies

b)

To play games

c)

To buy ready datasets

d)

To rent equipment

22.

What is one advantage of in-house data collection?

a)

Very fast to use

b)

No need for labeling

c)

Full control over data

d)

Data is always free

23.

Which challenge involves privacy laws like GDPR?

a)

Data Privacy and Security

b)

Continual Retraining

c)

Data Management

d)

Quality Assurance

24.

Which industry uses image annotation for tumor detection?

a)

Retail

b)

Healthcare

c)

Agriculture

d)

Education

25.

Which tool is macOS-exclusive and supports video annotation?

a)

LabelImg

b)

RectLabel

c)

Doccano

d)

VOC XML

26.

What is the main purpose of annotation tools?

a)

To create games for machine learning models

b)

To label data for training machine learning models

c)

To write reports about machine learning models

d)

To design user interfaces for machine learning models

27.

Public datasets are always perfect and made only for your project.

a)

True

b)

False

28.

Crowdsourcing is when many people help collect data online.

a)

True

b)

False

29.

Properly labeled data increases model bias and reduces learning speed.

a)

True

b)

False

30.

Polygons are used to include all objects in an image.

a)

True

b)

False

31.

LabelImg allows users to export annotations in XML, CSV, or TXT formats.

a)

True

b)

False

32.

RectLabel offers auto-labeling using Core ML models.

a)

True

b)

False

33.

Crowdsourcing — choose the correct option

a)

Text annotation tool for NLP tasks

b)

Use human-in-loop systems

c)

People label photos using MTurk

d)

Use pandas or seaborn early

34.

Analyze Before Modeling — choose the correct option

a)

Text annotation tool for NLP tasks

b)

Use human-in-loop systems

c)

People label photos using MTurk

d)

Use pandas or seaborn early

35.

Continual Retraining — choose the correct option

a)

Text annotation tool for NLP tasks

b)

Use human-in-loop systems

c)

People label photos using MTurk

d)

Use pandas or seaborn early

36.

Subjectivity — choose the correct option

a)

Text annotation tool for NLP tasks

b)

Use human-in-loop systems

c)

People label photos using MTurk

d)

Use pandas or seaborn early

37.

Which factors should be considered when choosing the right annotation tool? Select all that apply.

a)

Data type

b)

Annotation task

c)

Platform support

d)

Project scope and collaboration

38.

What does a “Gold Standard” provide in annotation?

a)

A reference point for high-quality labeling

b)

A tool for automatic model evaluation

c)

A rule to remove duplicate annotations

d)

A system to replace manual checks

39.

What is Krippendorff’s Alpha mainly used for?

a)

Measuring color intensity in images

b)

Checking data agreement with missing values

c)

Calculating the number of annotators needed

d)

Comparing training speed of AI models

40.

What does annotation consistency mean?

a)

Applying labels randomly across data

b)

Applying labels differently each time

c)

Applying labels uniformly and reliably

d)

Applying labels without clear rules

41.

How can poor annotation tools cause inconsistencies?

a)

They make annotation faster

b)

They suggest incorrect labels

c)

They reduce annotator bias

d)

They improve annotation clarity

42.

In medical imaging, annotated data mainly supports:

a)

Cancer detection and organ identification

b)

Buying medical tools for hospitals

c)

Training doctors to use new equipment

d)

Writing reports for insurance purposes

43.

In retail and e-commerce, data annotation helps companies to:

a)

Provide personalized shopping experiences

b)

Increase the number of warehouse workers

c)

Deliver products faster to all customers

d)

Reduce the cost of building new stores

44.

Cohen’s Kappa is used to measure agreement between more than three annotators.

a)

True

b)

False

45.

Fleiss’ Kappa allows scenarios where each rater rates different items.

a)

True

b)

False

46.

Well-defined labeling categories always confuse annotators.

a)

True

b)

False

47.

Annotation consistency means that data labels change often to match new trends.

a)

True

b)

False

48.

Data annotation in agriculture is used to separate crops from weeds.

a)

True

b)

False

49.

Social media platforms use annotation to detect spam and trends.

a)

True

b)

False

50.

Annotator Consensus — choose the correct option

a)

Causes accidental mislabeling

b)

Reviewers agree on labels, or discuss disagreements

c)

Gives instructions on how to handle unusual data

d)

Help create fairer models

e)

Identify faces and monitor activities

51.

Highlight Edge Cases — choose the correct option

a)

Causes accidental mislabeling

b)

Reviewers agree on labels, or discuss disagreements

c)

Gives instructions on how to handle unusual data

d)

Analyze player performance in games

e)

Identify faces and monitor activities

52.

Fatigue and human error — choose the correct option

a)

Causes accidental mislabeling

b)

Reviewers agree on labels, or discuss disagreements

c)

Gives instructions on how to handle unusual data

d)

Help create fairer models

e)

Identify faces and monitor activities

53.

Reduced bias — choose the correct option

a)

Causes accidental mislabeling

b)

Reviewers agree on labels, or discuss disagreements

c)

Gives instructions on how to handle unusual data

d)

Help create fairer models

e)

Identify faces and monitor activities

54.

Security and Surveillance — choose the correct option

a)

Causes accidental mislabeling

b)

Reviewers agree on labels, or discuss disagreements

c)

Gives instructions on how to handle unusual data

d)

Analyze player performance in games

e)

Identify faces and monitor activities

55.

Sports analytics — choose the correct option

a)

Causes accidental mislabeling

b)

Reviewers agree on labels, or discuss disagreements

c)

Gives instructions on how to handle unusual data

d)

Analyze player performance in games

e)

Help create fairer models

56.

Select the correct set to complete: The three pillars of telemetry are ________, ________, and ________.

a)

logs, traces, metrics

b)

metrics, latency, anomalies

c)

logs, metrics, uptime

d)

traces, models, backups

57.

Select the correct set to complete: Monitoring helps detect ________ and prevent failures.

a)

Anomalies

b)

logs

c)

uptime

d)

traces

58.

Select the correct set to complete: ________ stands for Application Performance Monitoring.

a)

APM

b)

KPI

c)

SRE

d)

SLA

59.

Select the correct set to complete: Continuous monitoring ensures ________ over time.

a)

Model Accuracy

b)

Model Latency

c)

Cost Savings

d)

Uptime

60.

Select the correct set to complete: ________ ensures the system remains accurate and reliable.

a)

AI monitoring

b)

Backup

c)

Normalization

d)

Query optimization

61.

Select the correct set to complete: ________ uses data to prevent system breakdowns.

a)

Predictive maintenance

b)

Incremental backup

c)

Adoption KPIs

d)

Audit Trail

62.

Select the correct set to complete: ________ measure how frequently users interact with AI systems.

a)

Adoption KPIs

b)

Business KPIs

c)

Cost Savings KPIs

d)

Uptime

63.

Select the correct set to complete: Proprietary APMs provide ________.

a)

cloud integration and vendor support

b)

incremental backup

c)

normalization

d)

audit trail

64.

Select the correct set to complete: ________ measure how AI affects organizational goals.

a)

Business KPIs

b)

Model Latency metrics

c)

anomalies

d)

Query optimization

65.

Select the correct set to complete: ________ KPIs show the financial benefit of AI.

a)

Cost Savings

b)

Uptime

c)

Adoption

d)

Backup

66.

Select the correct set to complete: ________ measures the percentage of system availability.

a)

Uptime

b)

Model Latency

c)

logs

d)

traces

67.

Select the correct set to complete: ________ refers to response generation time.

a)

Model Latency

b)

Model Accuracy

c)

Uptime

d)

Cost Savings

68.

Select the correct set to complete: Access logs record ________ the system and ________.

a)

who used and when

b)

CPU and memory

c)

anomalies and exceptions

d)

user frustration and session length

69.

Select the correct set to complete: Error logs capture ________.

a)

system failures and exceptions

b)

user frustration

c)

audit trail entries

d)

backup status

70.

Select the correct set to complete: System logs monitor ________, ________, and ________.

a)

CPU, memory, and performance

b)

adoption, uptime, anomalies

c)

logs, traces, metrics

d)

cost savings, vendor support, normalization

71.

Select the correct set to complete: A very short session may suggest ________.

a)

user frustration

b)

uptime

c)

backup

d)

normalization

72.

Select the correct set to complete: ________ finds unusual activity patterns.

a)

Anomaly detection

b)

Query optimization

c)

Incremental backup

d)

Audit Trail

73.

Select the correct set to complete: A ______ record of all user activities for accountability.

a)

Audit Trail

b)

Backup

c)

Adoption KPIs

d)

Business KPIs

74.

Select the correct set to complete: ________ ensures data recovery after system failure.

a)

Backup

b)

Incremental backup

c)

Query optimization

d)

Normalization

75.

Select the correct set to complete: ________ is used for managing relational databases.

a)

SQL

b)

PostgreSQL

c)

Regression testing

d)

Query optimization

76.

Select the correct set to complete: ________ reduces data duplication.

a)

Normalization

b)

Incremental backup

c)

Regression testing

d)

Adoption KPIs

77.

Select the correct set to complete: ________ increases database efficiency.

a)

Query optimization

b)

Anomaly detection

c)

Model Latency

d)

Backup

78.

Select the correct set to complete: ________ saves only changed data.

a)

Incremental backup

b)

Full backup

c)

Audit Trail

d)

Cloud integration

79.

Select the correct set to complete: ________ example of a relational database.

a)

PostgreSQL

b)

SQL

c)

Anomaly detection

d)

Uptime

80.

Select the correct set to complete: ______ automates building and testing updates.

a)
Continuous integration
b)

Regression testing

c)

Version control

d)

rollback plan

81.

Select the correct set to complete: ______ are urgent corrections applied live.

a)
Hotfixes
b)

System updates

c)

User feedback

d)

Version control

82.

Select the correct set to complete: A ______ restores a previous stable version.

a)
rollback plan
b)

Regression testing

c)

Hotfixes

d)

System updates

83.

Select the correct set to complete: ______ tracks all code changes.

a)
Version control
b)

Hotfixes

c)

System updates

d)

Regression testing

84.

Select the correct set to complete: ______ checks old features after updates.

a)
Regression testing
b)

System updates

c)

Hotfixes

d)

User feedback

85.

Select the correct set to complete: ______ improve performance and security.

a)
System updates
b)

Regression testing

c)

Hotfixes

d)

Continuous integration

86.

Select the correct set to complete: ______ stands for Net Promoter Score.

a)
NPS
b)

Feedback loops

c)

User feedback

d)

Regression testing

87.

Select the correct set to complete: ______ helps focus resources on the changes that will have the greatest impact on user satisfaction and business goals.

a)
Prioritization
b)

Surveys

c)

User feedback

d)

Feedback loops

88.

Select the correct set to complete: ______ guides updates and feature design.

a)
User feedback
b)

Sentiment analysis

c)

Surveys

d)

Feedback loops

89.

Select the correct set to complete: ______ ensure continuous system enhancement.

a)
Feedback loops
b)

Sentiment analysis

c)

Surveys

d)

Continuous integration

90.

Select the correct set to complete: ______ determines the tone of user comments.

a)
Sentiment analysis
b)

Surveys

c)

Regression testing

d)

User feedback

91.

Select the correct set to complete: ______ are a common feedback collection tool.

a)
Surveys
b)

Sentiment analysis

c)

Regression testing

d)

User feedback