The ___ is a technical society that develops standards related to instrumentation.

___ is the degree to which multiple measurements do not approximate a straight line on a graph.

Common types of ___ elements are control valves, hydraulic pistons, variable-speed drives, relays, pumps, and dampers.

In a P&ID designation, the ___ identifies the function of an instrument and the variable that is being measured.

___ is used to certify that an instrument meets performance requirements when tested with calibrated and certified test equipment.

A balloon is a circular symbol used to identify the ___ and loop number of an instrument or device on a P&ID.

A ________ is the dependent variable that is to be controlled in a control system.

The ___ is a federal agency under the U.S. Department of Labor that develops and enforces workplace safety and health regulations.

___ control is the simplest and most common control strategy.

Dynamic characteristics are the characteristics of an element that describe the operation of the element at ________ conditions when the process is not changing.

Process ___ is a system that combines measuring materials and controlling instruments into an arrangement capable of automatic action.

A(n) ___ is a control system in which one or more instruments are connected together to perform a task.

Factory automation places priority on ___.

The ___ is the sensing device that detects the condition of the process variable.

___ automation refers to processes involving batch and continuous flow of liquids, gases, and bulk solids.

The predominant type of controller used in ___ control is a microprocessor-based electronic controller.

A(n) ___ typically includes symbols for the equipment and the instruments.

A ___ is the desired value at which the process should be controlled and is used by the controller for comparison with the process variable.

___ is the closeness to which elements provide agreement among measured values.

___ is the difference between the value at which the controller activates and value at which the controller deactivates.

The ___ is a technical society that develops standards related to instrumentation.

___ is the degree to which multiple measurements do not approximate a straight line on a graph.

Common types of ___ elements are control valves, hydraulic pistons, variable-speed drives, relays, pumps, and dampers.

In a P&ID designation, the ___ identifies the function of an instrument and the variable that is being measured.

___ is used to certify that an instrument meets performance requirements when tested with calibrated and certified test equipment.

A balloon is a circular symbol used to identify the ___ and loop number of an instrument or device on a P&ID.

A ________ is the dependent variable that is to be controlled in a control system.

Temperature is an indirect measurement of the ___ energy contained in molecules.

___ is heat transfer that occurs when molecules in a material are heated and the heat is passed from molecule to molecule through the material.

The Rankine (°R) scale is the absolute equivalent of the ___ scale.

Specific heat is the ratio of the heat capacity of a liquid to the heat capacity of ___ at the same temperature.

Heat capacity is the amount of ___ needed to change the temperature of a material by a certain amount.

The Kelvin (K) scale is the absolute equivalent of the ___ scale.

Absolute ___ is a theoretical state and cannot actually be reached.

___ convection is the unaided movement of a gas or liquid caused by a pressure difference due to a difference in density within the gas or liquid.

___ is heat transfer by electromagnetic waves emitted by a higher-temperature object and absorbed by a lower-temperature object.

___ convection is the movement of a gas or liquid due to a pressure difference caused by the mechanical action of a fan or pump.

The coefficient of volumetric expansion is _ times the value of the coefficient of linear expansion.

A ___ thermometer is a thermal expansion thermometer consisting of a filled, hollow spring attached to a capillary tube and bulb.

With the ___, there is a net motion of charged particles.

___ is a thermoelectric effect where heat is generated or absorbed when an electric current passes through a conductor in which there is a temperature gradient.

The electrical resistance of most thermistors decreases with an increase in ___.

A bimetallic thermometer is a thermal expansion thermometer that uses a strip consisting of two metal alloys.

Thermistors have much higher ____ than RTDs.

______ is the ratio of the heat capacity of a liquid to the heat capacity of water at the same temperature.

An ______ thermometer is a sensor that determines the temperature of an object by detecting

A ______ is an electrical thermometer consisting of a high-precision resistor with resistance that varies with temperature, a voltage or current source, and a measuring circuit.

___ pressure is pressure measured with atmospheric pressure as the zero point of the scale.

___ is force divided by the area over which that force is applied.

Pressure is weight or force divided by ___.

___ pressure is the pressure that is due to the weight of the atmosphere above the point where it is measured.

___ is the actual height of a column of liquid.

___ pressure is the pressure due to the head of a liquid column.

___ pressure is the pressure of air or another gas.

___ pressure is the pressure of a confined liquid that has been subjected to the action of a pump.

In a ___, a fluid under pressure is allowed to push against a liquid in a tube.

A basic ___ consists of two small, thin electrically conductive plates.

A (n) ___ is any material that flows and takes the shape of its container.

___ may be due to the weight of a fluid column, or due to applied mechanical energy.

___ is provided by such devices as a pump or blower and stored in the form of a fluid under pressure, at an elevated height, or both.

___ may also be mechanical energy in the form of a fluid under pressure, such as pneumatic or hydraulic pressure.

___ is anything that changes or tends to change the state of rest or motion of a body.

Pressure drop is a pressure increase that occurs due to friction or obstruction as an enclosed fluid flows from one point in a process to another.

When measuring vacuum, the units ___ as the pressure decreases.

Vacuum pressure measurement is used when a process is maintained at less than ___ pressure.

___ is only determined by the height of the liquid.

For example, the head of water towers of different shapes depends only on the height of the ___.

For a vertical cylindrical tank with a ___ bottom, each unit of level represents an equal unit of volume.

Level is normally measured in ___ or translated into units of volume or weight.

Common visual level measuring instruments are gauge glasses, magnetically coupled level gauges, and ___.

A ___ is a point level measuring instrument consisting of a hollow ball that floats on top of a liquid in a tank and is attached to the instrument.

For an open vessel, the simplest way to measure hydrostatic pressure is to connect a ___ to the side of the vessel at the lowest practical level.

A ___ level-control capacitance probe is used as a switch to signal an alarm or actuate a circuit when the level in a tank or vessel reaches a specified level.

A conductivity probe is a(n) ___ measuring system consisting of a circuit of two or more probes or electrodes, or an electrode and the vessel wall.

___ probes are affected by changes in the dielectric constant of the material in the vessel.

A(n) ___ sensor is a point level measuring instrument consisting of two probes, with one of the probe tips being heated.

A(n) ___ sensor is the part of a continuous level measuring system consisting of an electronics module, a waveguide, and a float containing a magnet.

A time domain reflectometer (TDR) is another name for _ radar.

_ is the time it takes for a transmitted ultrasonic signal to travel from the level transmitter to the surface and back to the receiver.

A tuning fork level detector is a _ measuring instrument consisting of a vibrating tuning fork that resonates at a particular sound frequency.

For a nuclear level instrument, elements such as cesium 137 or cobalt 60 provide a(n) _ in the form of gamma rays.

If multiple load cells are used on one vessel, the maximum total weight of the vessel is _ the number of load cells.

_-type strain gauge load cells are used to measure the weight in vertical vessels.

_ flow is the flow of a bulk solid where all material in a silo flow down toward the bottom at the same rate.

_ is the process of discharging water and undesirable accumulated material.

A(n) _ is a valve located on a water column used to determine the boiler water level if the gauge glass is not functional.

Try cocks are typically used for pressures up to _ psi.

_ law states that the absolute pressure of a given quantity of a gas varies directly with its absolute temperature provided the volume remains constant.

_ is the quantity of fluid passing a point at a particular moment.

The combined gas law shows the relationship between volume, pressure, and _.

Fluid power systems transmit power through a(n) _ hydraulic fluid.

_ law states that the volume of a given quantity of gas varies directly with its absolute temperature provided the pressure remains constant.

_ is the quantity of fluid that passes a point during a specific time interval.

_ law states that the absolute pressure of a given quantity of gas varies inversely with its volume provided the temperature remains constant.

A(n) _ is the ratio between the inertial forces moving a fluid and viscous forces resisting that movement.

_ viscosity is the resistance to flow of a fluid and has units of centipoise (cP).

Turbulent flow in pipes typically occurs at Reynolds numbers above about _.

A primary flow element is a pipeline restriction that causes a(n) _ used to measure flow.

If the maximum measurable flow rate of a flowmeter is 100 gpm of water and the minimum flow rate is 20 gpm of water, the rangeability is _.