WorksheetsMarine Science Ch 4 Revision - Nutrients and energy
Total questions: 28
Worksheet time: 24mins
Which of the following is the most accurate definition of a nutrient in a marine ecosystem?
A substance required by an organism for growth, repair, and chemical energy.
Only the mineral salts, such as nitrates and phosphates, dissolved in the water.
The organic remains of dead organisms that sink to the seabed.
Any dissolved gas found in seawater that is used for respiration.
Which mineral ion is essential for marine producers to synthesize chlorophyll for photosynthesis?
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Magnesium
Calcium
Corals and many molluscs require a specific nutrient to build their hard skeletons and shells. Which element is the primary component of these structures?
Iron
Calcium
Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide
In marine organisms, proteins are complex macromolecules. What are the smaller 'building blocks' monomers that make up a protein?
Nucleotides
Fatty acids
Glucose molecules
Amino acids
A student is testing a sample of marine algae to identify its stored energy reserves. Which reagent should be used to test for the presence of starch?
Ethanol emulsion test
Iodine solution
Benedict's solution
Biuret reagent
Why do migratory mammals (i.e. whales) store energy in the form of fat rather than carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are too difficult to break down during swimming.
Fat provides more than twice as much energy per gram than carbohydrates, allowing for lighter travel.
Fat stores serve as an essential layer of thermal insulation in cold aquatic environments.
Reorder the following statements about recycling of nutrients into the correct order, starting with:
algae take up the nutrients from the surrounding water
Nutrients are passed to animals (Herbivores eat the producers, then carnivores eat the herbivores).
Waste organic material falls to the seabed as marine snow (This includes faeces, shed skin, and dead organisms).
Bacteria decompose the organic waste and make the nutrients available (Decomposers break down the "marine snow" on the seabed).
Nutrients move to the surface by upwelling (Currents act as "elevators" to bring minerals back to the photic zone).
Most organisms on the deep seabed live in complete darkness where photosynthesis is impossible. Therefore, they rely on the surface for:
Energy Source: Producers at the surface (phytoplankton and algae) capture solar energy through photosynthesis.
Nutrient Delivery: This energy is "shipped" to the deep sea via (a) (a continuous fall of organic waste) or whale falls (large carcasses).
Food Web Base: Without the original food production by surface algae, scavengers and (b) on the seabed would have no source of organic carbon to survive.
Harvesting too many fish from the ocean's surface disrupts the nutrient loop in the following ways:
Removes Nutrient Reserves
Reduces Nutrient Recycling
Breaks the Loop (Cycle)
Increases the nutrients in the loop
Respiration is:
The chemical process (break down of glucose using oxygen) within every living cell that releases the energy from nutrient molecules in a usable form.
The mechanical process (break down of glucose using oxygen) within every living cell that releases the energy from nutrient molecules in a usable form.
The exchange of gases that takes place within an organism.
The main nutrient molecule used in respiration is
(a) , but (b) can also be used
The word equation for Aerobic Respiration is:
oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + hydrogen
oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + starch
oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + carbon
oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + water
Organize these options into the right categories
Breakdown of glucose using oxygen
Releases energy
Takes place within the living cell
Uptake of oxygen
Release of carbon dioxide
Takes place within an organisim
Match the following
Animals have specialised gas exchange organs
Examples: Gills, lungs and tentacles
Oxygen is used by every living cell (in animals) to breakdown glucose and release energy
Carbon dioxide is used by every living cell (in plants) to breakdown glucose and release energy
Respiration occurs without oxygen
Specialised gas exchange organs have the following characteristics:
Large (a) to absorb lots of oxygen and release lots of CO2, examples (b) .
Thin walls (cell walls). The distance (c) have to travel needs to be as small as possible.
Good blood supply to move the oxygen rich blood around the body.
Light _____ the deeper you go.
Increases due to water pressure
Changes from blue to red to yellow
Decreases and eventually disappears
Becomes more intense (brighter)
What is needed for photosynthesis?
Nitrogen, carbon dioxide and heat
Oxygen, sugar and soil
Glucose, oxygen and water
Carbon dioxide, water and sunlight
Chloroplasts allow for:
Photosynthesis
DNA replication
Gas exchange
Protein synthesis
Do all producers have chloroplasts?
Yes
No
Which are the biggest producers of oxygen?
Seagrass
Phytoplankton
Kelp
Trees
Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and water to make _____
sodium hydroxide
CO2
glucose
oxygen
What is the chemical process for photosynthesis?
Hint - it's the opposite of respiration
Carbon dioxide + Oxygen → Glucose + Water
Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water
Nitrogen + Water + Heat → Sugar + Carbon dioxide
Which one of these food chains are ordered correctly?
Plankton - Reef Fish - Pelegic Fish - Sharks
Pelagic Fish - Reef Fish - Sharks - Plankton
Sharks - Reef Fish - Plankton - Pelagic Fish
Which two species are Primary Consumers (is at the top of the food chain)?
Sharks
Rays
Coral
Pelagic Fish
Crabs
Which of these is an Omnivore (eats meat and plants)?
Bluefin Tuna
Manatee
Whale Shark
Parrot Fish
Which one of these is an apex predator (select all that apply)?
Giant Sea Anemone
Cone Snail
Leopard Seal
Bobbit Worm
None of the Above
The bigger fish is always higher in the food chain?
True
False
Does the food chain recycle back to the beginning?
Yes, it does as when an apex predator dies the marine life at the bottom of the food chain consumes the remains.
No, the apex predators are feared by the marine life lower down and they are too scared to eat the remains.
No, all fish live together peacefully.
No, only the marine life at the bottom of the food chain eat the remains of the apex predator.
