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Gastrointestinal Physiology Worksheet Questions (Grade 13)

Total questions: 80

Worksheet time: 40mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following describes the "Law of the Gut"?

a)

Distension initiates a contractile ring that moves downstream

b)

Food is always absorbed in the duodenum

c)

The stomach empties only when the small intestine is empty

d)

Secretion is always proportional to blood flow

2.

The slow waves of the gastrointestinal tract are initiated by:

a)

Myenteric plexus

b)

Interstitial cells of Cajal

c)

Meissner’s plexus

d)

Vagus nerve

3.

Which hormone inhibits gastric emptying and is released in response to fatty acids in the duodenum?

a)

Gastrin

b)

Secretin

c)

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

d)

Motilin

4.

A patient with damaged Myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus would likely experience:

a)

Increased secretion

b)

Decreased GI motility

c)

Increased absorption

d)

Hyperactive digestion

5.

The primary function of Gastrin is to:

a)

Stimulate pancreatic enzyme secretion

b)

Stimulate gastric acid secretion and mucosal growth

c)

Inhibit the pump of the stomach

d)

Stimulate bicarbonate secretion

6.

The major stimulus for the release of Secretin is:

a)

Peptides in the stomach

b)

Distension of the rectum

c)

Low pH (acid) in the duodenum

d)

Glucose in the blood

7.

What is the "Migrating Motor Complex" (MMC) primarily regulated by?

a)

Gastrin

b)

Somatostatin

c)

Motilin

d)

Histamine

8.

During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion, which nerve is responsible for stimulating the stomach?

a)

Splanchnic nerve

b)

Vagus nerve

c)

Phrenic nerve

d)

Hypoglossal nerve

9.

The mixing movements in the small intestine are known as:

a)

Peristalsis

b)

Segmentation

c)

Haustration

d)

Mass movements

10.

Failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax (Achalasia) is due to damage to:

a)

Vagus nerve

b)

Myenteric plexus in the esophagus

c)

Glossopharyngeal nerve

d)

Sympathetic ganglia

11.

Which cell type secretes Intrinsic Factor?

a)

Chief cells

b)

G cells

c)

Parietal cells

d)

Mucous cells

12.

The "Enterogastric Reflex" results in:

a)

Increased gastric emptying

b)

Inhibition of gastric motility and secretion

c)

Increased salivary flow

d)

Relaxation of the ileocecal valve

13.

Which enzyme is essential for the activation of trypsinogen?

a)

Amylase

b)

Lipase

c)

Enterokinase

d)

Pepsin

14.

Bile salts are essential for lipid digestion because they:

a)

Chemically break down triglycerides

b)

Lower surface tension and emulsify fats

c)

Increase the pH of the duodenum

d)

Stimulate the release of Gastrin

15.

Most water absorption in the GI tract occurs in the:

a)

Stomach

b)

Small intestine

c)

Large intestine

d)

Esophagus

16.

Vitamin B12 is absorbed primarily in the:

a)

Duodenum

b)

Jejunum

c)

Ileum

d)

Colon

17.

Which of the following stimulates the gallbladder to contract?

a)

Secretin

b)

CCK

c)

Gastrin

d)

Somatostatin

18.

The "Gastrocolic Reflex" leads to:

a)

Stomach contraction after eating

b)

Mass movements in the colon after food enters the stomach

c)

Vomiting

d)

Closure of the pyloric sphincter

19.

What is the effect of Sympathetic stimulation on the GI tract?

a)

Increased motility

b)

Increased secretion

c)

Decreased motility and vasoconstriction

d)

Relaxation of sphincters

20.

Which of the following is NOT a component of the gastric mucosal barrier?

a)

Tight junctions

b)

Alkaline mucus

c)

High concentration of HCl

d)

Prostaglandins

21.

The resting membrane potential of GI smooth muscle typically ranges between:

a)

−10-10 to −20-20 mV

b)

−50-50 to −60-60 mV

c)

−90-90 to −100-100 mV

d)

00 to +10+10 mV

22.

Which of the following is a "spike potential" trigger in the GI tract?

a)

Acetylcholine

b)

Norepinephrine

c)

Sympathetic stimulation

d)

Hyperpolarization

23.

The defecation reflex is integrated in the:

a)

Medulla

b)

Midbrain

c)

Conus medullaris (Sacral cord)

d)

Hypothalamus

24.

Which hormone is released from "I cells" in the duodenum?

a)

Gastrin

b)

CCK

c)

Secretin

d)

GIP

25.

Gastric acid secretion is increased by all of the following EXCEPT:

a)

Histamine

b)

Gastrin

c)

Somatostatin

d)

Acetylcholine

26.

The major source of bicarbonate in the GI tract is:

a)

Pancreatic secretion

b)

Gastric secretion

c)

Salivary secretion

d)

Hepatic bile

27.

Micelles are necessary for the absorption of:

a)

Glucose

b)

Cholesterol and long-chain fatty acids

c)

Dipeptides

d)

Vitamin C

28.

Which of the following inhibits Gastrin release?

a)

Distension of the stomach

b)

Protein breakdown products

c)

pH below 3.03.0 in the antrum

d)

Vagal stimulation

29.

Chylomicron formation occurs in the:

a)

Intestinal lumen

b)

Enterocyte (Intestinal cell)

c)

Liver

d)

Lacteals

30.

The "Pyloric Pump" is most strongly stimulated by:

a)

Secretin

b)

Gastrin and stomach distension

c)

CCK

d)

Duodenal acidity

31.

Potentiation of acid secretion occurs when which two substances act together?

a)

Gastrin and CCK

b)

Secretin and Histamine

c)

Gastrin and Histamine

d)

Somatostatin and Ach

32.

The chloride shift in parietal cells involves the exchange of:

a)

Cl- for K+

b)

Cl- for HCO3-

c)

Cl- for H+

d)

Cl- for Na+

33.

Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin by:

a)

Hydrochloric acid

b)

Enterokinase

c)

CCK

d)

Bile salts

34.

Receptive relaxation of the stomach is mediated by:

a)

Sympathetic nerves

b)

Vagovagal reflex

c)

Gastrin

d)

Myenteric reflex only

35.

Which vitamin requires Intrinsic Factor for absorption?

a)

Vitamin A

b)

Vitamin C

c)

Vitamin D

d)

Vitamin B12

36.

The "Alkaline Tide" after a meal is due to:

a)

Increased saliva production

b)

Release of HCO3- into the blood during HCl secretion

c)

Absorption of alkaline foods

d)

Pancreatic bicarbonate secretion

37.

Which of the following is a function of the Liver?

a)

Storage of Vitamin A, D, and B12

b)

Synthesis of plasma proteins

c)

Detoxification of drugs

d)

All of the above

38.

The primary site for iron absorption is the:

a)

Stomach

b)

Ileum

c)

Duodenum

d)

Colon

39.

Which hormone stimulates "S cells" in the duodenum?

a)

Gastrin

b)

CCK

c)

Motilin

d)

Secretion is stimulated by Acid

40.

Haustrations are characteristic movements of the:

a)

Esophagus

b)

Large intestine

c)

Small intestine

d)

Stomach

41.

The deglutition center is located in the:

a)

Medulla and lower pons

b)

Cerebellum

c)

Thalamus

d)

Cerebral cortex

42.

Which of the following is NOT an enzyme found in pancreatic juice?

a)

Amylase

b)

Lipase

c)

Pepsin

d)

Chymotrypsin

43.

Steatorrhea (fatty stools) results from a deficiency of:

a)

Amylase

b)

Bile salts or Pancreatic lipase

c)

Pepsin

d)

Gastrin

44.

The blood flow to the GI tract is known as:

a)

Portal circulation

b)

Systemic circulation

c)

Splanchnic circulation

d)

Pulmonary circulation

45.

Which of the following increases the surface area of the small intestine 1000-fold?

a)

Rugae

b)

Villi and Microvilli

c)

Haustra

d)

Plicae circulares

46.

Most of the bile salts are reabsorbed in the:

a)

Duodenum

b)

Jejunum

c)

Terminal Ileum

d)

Sigmoid Colon

47.

"Dumping Syndrome" occurs due to:

a)

Rapid gastric emptying

b)

Slow gastric emptying

c)

Excessive bile secretion

d)

Lack of Intrinsic Factor

48.

Peristalsis is inhibited by:

a)

Parasympathetic stimulation

b)

Atropine

c)

Gastrin

d)

Distension

49.

The pH of pancreatic juice is approximately:

a)

2.02.0

b)

5.05.0

c)

7.07.0

d)

8.08.0

50.

Which of the following is a precursor for Bile Acids?

a)

Amino acids

b)

Glucose

c)

Cholesterol

d)

Bilirubin

51.

Secretin causes the pancreas to secrete juice rich in:

a)

Enzymes

b)

Bicarbonate

c)

Mucus

d)

Insulin

52.

CCK causes the pancreas to secrete juice rich in:

a)

Bicarbonate

b)

Water

c)

Electrolytes

d)

Enzymes

53.

Gastric emptying is slowed by:

a)

Presence of fats in the duodenum

b)

High pH in the duodenum

c)

Hypotension

d)

Vagal stimulation

54.

The sphincter of Oddi controls the flow of:

a)

Gastric juice

b)

Saliva

c)

Bile and pancreatic juice

d)

Chyme into the cecum

55.

Which enzyme digests carbohydrates in the mouth?

a)

Lingual lipase

b)

Salivary amylase (Ptyalin)

c)

Pepsin

d)

Maltase

56.

The absorption of Glucose is coupled with the transport of:

a)

Sodium (Na+)

b)

Potassium (K+)

c)

Calcium (Ca2+)

d)

Chloride (Cl-)

57.

Failure of the ileocecal valve to close leads to:

a)

Constipation

b)

Diarrhea and backflow of fecal matter

c)

Stomach ulcers

d)

Vomiting

58.

Gastric ulcers are most commonly associated with:

a)

Excessive exercise

b)

H. pylori infection

c)

High protein diet

d)

Low sodium intake

59.

The lifespan of an intestinal epithelial cell is about:

a)

11 day

b)

33 - 55 days

c)

3030 days

d)

120120 days

60.

Which of the following is a GI hormone that stimulates insulin release?

a)

GIP (Gastric Inhibitory Peptide)

b)

Motilin

c)

Secretin

d)

CCK

61.

The "Ileal Brake" is triggered by:

a)

Acid in the stomach

b)

Fat in the ileum

c)

Protein in the esophagus

d)

Distension of the rectum

62.

Most of the GI tract's immune cells are found in:

a)

Peyer's Patches

b)

The liver

c)

The gallbladder

d)

The pancreas

63.

Which reflex ensures the bowel does not overfill?

a)

Gastrocolic reflex

b)

Ileogastric reflex

c)

Vagovagal reflex

d)

Swallowing reflex

64.

Vomiting is coordinated by a center in the:

a)

Cerebrum

b)

Spinal cord

c)

Medulla oblongata

d)

Hypothalamus

65.

Bilirubin is a breakdown product of:

a)

Hemoglobin

b)

Myoglobin

c)

Cytochromes

d)

All of the above

66.

Jaundice is caused by high levels of:

a)

Bile salts

b)

Bilirubin

c)

Cholesterol

d)

Triglycerides

67.

The "Internal Anal Sphincter" is composed of:

a)

Skeletal muscle

b)

Smooth muscle

c)

Cartilage

d)

Fibrous tissue

68.

The "External Anal Sphincter" is under:

a)

Voluntary control

b)

Involuntary control

c)

Hormonal control

d)

No neural control

69.

Which of the following is a potent vasoconstrictor in the GIT?

a)

Bradykinin

b)

CCK

c)

Gastrin

d)

Norepinephrine

70.

The small intestine completes one transit of "slow waves" every:

a)

5 seconds

b)

1 minute

c)

5–12 seconds

d)

1 hour

71.

Maximum frequency of slow waves in the ileum is:

a)

3/min

b)

8–9/min

c)

12/min

d)

20/min

72.

SGLT-1 is a:

a)

Primary active transporter

b)

Secondary active transporter

c)

Facilitated diffusion carrier

d)

Channel protein

73.

Atropine inhibits:

a)

Adrenergic receptors

b)

Muscarinic receptors

c)

Nicotinic receptors

d)

Histamine receptors

74.

The thickest smooth muscle in the stomach is found in the:

a)

Fundus

b)

Body

c)

Antrum

d)

Cardia

75.

Primary bile acids are:

a)

Cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid

b)

Deoxycholic acid

c)

Lithocholic acid

d)

Biliverdin

76.

Which of the following is a secretagogue for Gastrin?

a)

Acid

b)

Phenylalanine and tryptophan

c)

Fat

d)

Somatostatin

77.

Iron absorption is increased by:

a)

Vitamin C

b)

Phytates

c)

Tannins

d)

High pH

78.

Fructose enters the enterocyte via:

a)

SGLT-1

b)

GLUT-5

c)

GLUT-2

d)

Simple diffusion

79.

The most common cause of Gastritis is:

a)

Alcohol

b)

H. pylori

c)

NSAIDs

d)

Smoking

80.

What is the role of Brunner's Glands?

a)

Secrete acid

b)

Secrete alkaline mucus in the duodenum

c)

Secrete bile

d)

Secrete pepsinogen

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