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Worksheets

Page 1

Total questions: 150

Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The sperm cell is one of the largest and most specialized cells in the male body.

a)

False

b)

True

2.

Which phase of the menstrual cycle begins at ovulation and ends at the onset of menses?

a)

Proliferative phase

b)

Menstrual phase

c)

Follicular phase

d)

Luteal phase

3.

Which structure of the uterine tube primarily captures the ovum at ovulation?

a)

Ampulla

b)

Infundibulum

c)

Fimbriae

d)

Isthmus

4.

During the luteal phase, which hormone predominates to prepare the endometrium for implantation?

a)

Estrogen

b)

Progesterone

c)

LH

d)

FSH

5.

Which event triggers the transition from the follicular phase to ovulation in a typical cycle?

a)

GnRH inhibition

b)

FSH surge

c)

Progesterone drop

d)

LH surge

6.

Where does fertilization most commonly occur within the female reproductive tract?

a)

Fimbrial region

b)

Ampulla of fallopian tube

c)

Cervical canal

d)

Uterine cavity

7.

Which description best characterizes the secretory phase of the endometrium?

a)

Glandular secretion and stromal edema

b)

Shedding of functional layer

c)

Rapid mitotic growth of glands

d)

Dominant follicle selection

8.

Which statement about fimbriae is most accurate?

a)

They propel sperm through the uterus

b)

They sweep the oocyte into the infundibulum

c)

They produce progesterone after ovulation

d)

They form the cervical mucus plug

9.

Which pituitary hormone directly stimulates ovarian follicle maturation before ovulation?

a)

ACTH

b)

FSH

c)

TSH

d)

Prolactin

10.

Immediately following ovulation, the ruptured follicle reorganizes into which temporary endocrine structure?

a)

Corpus albicans

b)

Corpus luteum

c)

Graafian follicle

d)

Antral follicle

11.

Which structure is the female gonad responsible for producing ova?

a)

Uterus

b)

Vulva

c)

Oviduct

d)

Ovaries

12.

Which tube carries the ovum from the ovary to the uterus?

a)

Urethra

b)

Oviduct

c)

Vas deferens

d)

Cervix

13.

Which term refers collectively to the external female genitalia?

a)

Mons pubis

b)

Labia minora

c)

Vagina

d)

Vulva

14.

What are the female gametes involved in sexual reproduction?

a)

Zygotes

b)

Follicles

c)

Ova

d)

Sperm

15.

Which temporary endocrine structure forms after ovulation to secrete progesterone?

a)

Endometrium

b)

Fimbriae

c)

Graafian follicle

d)

Corpus luteum

16.

A mature ovum enclosed within its follicular sac is best described as which structure?

a)

Corpus albicans

b)

Graafian follicle

c)

Polar body

d)

Primary oocyte

17.

Which pairing correctly matches organ with primary function in early pregnancy support?

a)

Corpus luteum—progesterone secretion

b)

Oviduct—embryo implantation

c)

Vulva—oocyte maturation

d)

Ovary—placenta formation

18.

Failure of the oviduct to capture an ovum most directly increases the risk of which event?

a)

Ectopic fertilization in peritoneal cavity

b)

Spermatogenesis within the ovary

c)

Immediate implantation in endometrium

d)

Progesterone surge from corpus albicans

19.

During a typical menstrual cycle, which sequence of structures is the ovum expected to transit?

a)

Ovary → oviduct → uterus

b)

Oviduct → vulva → uterus

c)

Uterus → ovary → oviduct

d)

Vulva → uterus → ovary

20.

Progesterone primarily acts on which tissue to maintain it after ovulation?

a)

Cervical mucus

b)

Myometrium

c)

Endometrium

d)

Vulvar epithelium

21.

Which ovarian structure releases the oocyte at ovulation?

a)

Primary follicle in cortex

b)

Corpus luteum after ovulation

c)

Graafian follicle at maturity

d)

Secondary oocyte in infundibulum

22.

Which term names the lower part of the uterus continuous with the vagina?

a)

Body with endometrial lining

b)

Cervix forming the neck

c)

Isthmus between body and cervix

d)

Fundus at superior dome

23.

During which uterine phase does the endometrium thicken between menses and ovulation?

a)

Secretory phase after ovulation

b)

Proliferative phase pre‑ovulation

c)

Menstrual phase during shedding

d)

Luteal phase under progesterone

24.

What is the part of the uterus located above the entrances of the fallopian tubes?

a)

Body central cavity

b)

Isthmus narrow segment

c)

Cervix inferior neck

d)

Fundus superior dome

25.

Which structure receives sperm during intercourse and forms the terminal birth canal?

a)

Vulva external vestibule

b)

Uterine cavity within body

c)

Cervical canal with mucus

d)

Vagina muscular tube

26.

What term refers to the first occurrence of menstruation in a female?

a)

Amenorrhea absent flow

b)

Dysmenorrhea painful cramps

c)

Menopause end of cycles

d)

Menarche initial menses

27.

Which hormone is primarily responsible for triggering ovulation?

a)

FSH stimulating follicles

b)

LH mid‑cycle surge

c)

Progesterone luteal support

d)

Estrogen endometrial growth

28.

A patient has cervical stenosis. Which reproductive function is most directly affected?

a)

Oocyte release from ovary

b)

Sperm passage into uterus

c)

Endometrium shedding in menses

d)

Fimbriae capture of oocyte

29.

After the proliferative phase, which uterine phase follows immediately if fertilization does not occur?

a)

Secretory phase under progesterone

b)

Menstrual phase with bleeding

c)

Follicular phase in ovary

d)

Ovulatory phase releasing oocyte

30.

Which structure transforms into the corpus luteum after ovulation?

a)

Fimbriae of the tube

b)

Graafian follicle remnant

c)

Endometrial glands

d)

Cervical stroma

31.

Which hormone primarily stimulates growth of several immature ovarian follicles at the start of a cycle?

a)

Luteinizing hormone surge triggers ovulation

b)

Follicle-stimulating hormone promotes follicle growth

c)

Progesterone stabilizes the endometrial lining

d)

Estrogen initiates luteal phase maintenance

32.

During a normal cycle, what is the most direct role of luteinizing hormone in ovarian function?

a)

Maintains corpus luteum progesterone

b)

Promotes granulosa mitosis throughout folliculogenesis

c)

Triggers ovulation of the dominant follicle

d)

Initiates endometrial shedding and menses

33.

Benign enlargements on one or both ovaries are best described as which condition?

a)

Premenstrual syndrome with cyclical symptoms

b)

Ovarian cysts forming fluid-filled sacs

c)

Pelvic inflammatory disease infection

d)

Endometriosis with ectopic endometrium

34.

A collection of cyclical symptoms during the secretory phase is characteristic of which condition?

a)

Amenorrhea with absent menstruation

b)

Primary dysmenorrhea with painful cramps

c)

Premenstrual syndrome involving multiple symptoms

d)

Ovarian torsion with acute pain

35.

Painful periods without pelvic pathology are most accurately termed what?

a)

Menorrhagia with heavy bleeding

b)

Oligomenorrhea infrequent cycles

c)

Primary dysmenorrhea causing cramping

d)

Premenstrual syndrome mood changes

36.

Which hormone is most responsible for selecting a dominant follicle from the cohort?

a)

Prolactin reducing LH pulses

b)

Progesterone by suppressing GnRH

c)

Follicle-stimulating hormone via granulosa support

d)

Estrogen through luteal feedback

37.

If follicle-stimulating hormone is reduced early in the cycle, which immediate effect is most likely?

a)

Earlier LH surge and ovulation

b)

Fewer follicles enter growth phase

c)

Increased progesterone production

d)

Thicker secretory endometrium forms

38.

Which statement best distinguishes premenstrual syndrome from primary dysmenorrhea?

a)

Dysmenorrhea lacks pain as a feature

b)

Dysmenorrhea occurs only after ovulation

c)

PMS is limited to uterine prostaglandins

d)

PMS centers on cyclical multisystem symptoms

39.

Which clinical finding most supports a diagnosis of ovarian cysts rather than PMS?

a)

Cyclical mood and bloating symptoms

b)

Benign fluid-filled enlargement on ovary

c)

Cramping confined to menses onset

d)

Headache resolving after menstruation

40.

A surge in luteinizing hormone most immediately produces which event in the ovary?

a)

Corpus luteum regression and menses

b)

Dominant follicle rupture releasing oocyte

c)

Follicle recruitment and growth initiation

d)

Endometrial basal layer proliferation

41.

Which term refers to painful menstruation characterized by cramping pelvic pain?

a)

Amenorrhea

b)

Uterine myoma

c)

Endometriosis

d)

Dysmenorrhea

42.

An inflammation of the uterine tubes is best described as which condition?

a)

Salpingitis

b)

Endometritis

c)

Oophoritis

d)

Cervicitis

43.

Which term denotes the absence of normal menstruation?

a)

Dysmenorrhea

b)

Amenorrhea

c)

Menorrhagia

d)

Metrorrhagia

44.

Irregular or excessive uterine bleeding most often resulting from hormonal imbalance is called what?

a)

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

b)

Postcoital bleeding

c)

Polymenorrhea

d)

Breakthrough bleeding

45.

The presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside the uterus defines which disorder?

a)

Adenomyosis

b)

Endometritis

c)

Pelvic inflammatory disease

d)

Endometriosis

46.

Benign tumors composed of uterine fibrous or smooth muscle tissue are referred to as what?

a)

Ovarian cyst

b)

Leiomyosarcoma

c)

Uterine myoma

d)

Endometrial polyp

47.

Which clinical finding most strongly supports a diagnosis of salpingitis?

a)

Ectopic endometrium patches

b)

Tubal inflammation on exam

c)

Absent menstrual cycles

d)

Painful menstrual cramping

48.

A patient reports cyclic pelvic pain and infertility. Laparoscopy reveals ectopic endometrial implants. What is the most likely diagnosis?

a)

Dysmenorrhea

b)

Uterine myoma

c)

Amenorrhea

d)

Endometriosis

49.

Heavy, unpredictable uterine bleeding without structural lesions is most consistent with which diagnosis?

a)

Salpingitis

b)

Endometriosis

c)

Uterine myoma

d)

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

50.

Firm, well-circumscribed uterine masses causing pressure symptoms are typically which of the following?

a)

Uterine myoma

b)

Endometriosis

c)

Salpingitis

d)

Amenorrhea

51.

An inflammation of the ovaries is termed:

a)

Cervicitis inflammation of the cervix

b)

Metritis inflammation of the uterus

c)

Oophoritis inflammation of the ovaries

d)

Salpingitis inflammation of the tubes

52.

The orifice of the urethra is ________ to the vaginal opening.

a)

Medial relative to the vaginal opening

b)

Lateral relative to the vaginal opening

c)

Posterior relative to the vaginal opening

d)

Anterior relative to the vaginal opening

53.

Which hormone triggers follicular rupture and expulsion of the oocyte during ovulation?

a)

Estrogen peaks in late follicular phase

b)

Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates follicle growth

c)

Progesterone stabilizes the endometrium

d)

Luteinizing hormone triggers ovulation

54.

Which structure lies anterior to the vagina in female pelvic anatomy?

a)

Uterus superior to the bladder

b)

Rectum posterior to the vagina

c)

Bladder anterior to the vagina

d)

Ovary lateral to the uterus

55.

Identify the correct pairing of term and organ for inflammation:

a)

Salpingitis inflammation of uterus

b)

Cystitis inflammation of cervix

c)

Endometritis inflammation of oviduct

d)

Oophoritis inflammation of ovaries

56.

During the menstrual cycle, the LH surge most immediately precedes:

a)

Ovulation oocyte release

b)

Follicular recruitment selection

c)

Corpus luteum regression

d)

Endometrial shedding menstruation

57.

If a patient’s urethral meatus is positioned abnormally posterior to the vaginal opening, which functional issue is most likely?

a)

Impaired ovarian hormone production

b)

Altered direction of urine stream

c)

Elevated risk of rectal prolapse

d)

Increased risk of urinary retention

58.

Which statement best distinguishes FSH from LH in ovarian function?

a)

FSH promotes granulosa cell proliferation

b)

LH maintains follicular growth primarily

c)

FSH drives ovulation directly

d)

LH reduces estrogen synthesis early

59.

A patient presents with pelvic pain and fever. Imaging shows enlarged ovaries. The most likely diagnosis is:

a)

Vaginitis vaginal mucosa inflammation

b)

Cervicitis cervical canal inflammation

c)

Oophoritis ovarian inflammation

d)

Endometritis endometrial inflammation

60.

Choose the correct anatomical relation among bladder, urethra, and vagina:

a)

Bladder posterior to vagina

b)

Urethra anterior to vagina

c)

Vagina anterior to bladder

d)

Urethra posterior to bladder

61.

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary and is also called the ovulating hormone?

a)

Luteinizing hormone

b)

Estrogen

c)

Follicle-stimulating hormone

d)

Progesterone

62.

FSH primarily stimulates which process in the ovary?

a)

Follicle growth and maturation

b)

Progesterone secretion rise

c)

Endometrium thickening

d)

Corpus luteum regression

63.

Which ovarian hormone is produced by the corpus luteum and maintains the endometrium during early pregnancy?

a)

Estrogen

b)

Progesterone

c)

Inhibin

d)

Testosterone

64.

Which statement best describes estrogen’s role in the female reproductive system?

a)

Stimulates endometrium growth

b)

Triggers ovulation onset

c)

Maintains corpus luteum

d)

Downregulates pituitary FSH

65.

Which of the following is not true regarding fluid produced by the seminal vesicles?

a)

Acts as a precoital penile lubricant

b)

Provides energy for motile sperm

c)

Rich in the sugar fructose

d)

Contributes about sixty percent of semen

66.

Which gland produces the precoital lubricant for the penis?

a)

Epididymis

b)

Bulbourethral glands

c)

Prostate gland

d)

Seminal vesicles

67.

Predict the effect of LH surge on ovarian follicles during a typical cycle.

a)

Suppresses follicle growth

b)

Initiates ovulation of a mature follicle

c)

Stimulates corpus luteum apoptosis

d)

Induces endometrial shedding

68.

A patient has insufficient progesterone after ovulation. Which immediate uterine consequence is most likely?

a)

Accelerated follicle maturation

b)

Reduced endometrial maintenance

c)

Enhanced cervical mucus acidity

d)

Increased uterine smooth muscle tone

69.

Which component of semen most directly provides metabolic fuel for sperm motility?

a)

Seminal fructose

b)

Prostatic citrate

c)

Bulbourethral mucins

d)

Testicular androgens

70.

Which statement aligns with typical volumes and sources of seminal fluid?

a)

Half produced by prostate alone

b)

About sixty percent from seminal vesicles

c)

Most volume from testes

d)

Majority from bulbourethral glands

71.

Candida albicans causes an opportunistic infection characterized by leukorrhea. True or false?

a)

True

b)

False

c)

Only in infants

d)

Only after antibiotics

72.

Candida albicans is best described as which type of organism?

a)

A viral pathogen

b)

A fungus causing candidiasis

c)

A gram-negative bacterium

d)

A protozoan parasite

73.

Which feature most directly explains leukorrhea in candidiasis?

a)

Increased estrogen in circulation

b)

Inflammation of vaginal epithelium

c)

Destruction of lactobacilli flora

d)

Overgrowth of fungal hyphae

74.

Spermatogonia are primarily which of the following?

a)

Mature spermatozoa

b)

Cells with 23 chromosomes

c)

Stem cells for sperm

d)

Daughter cells from meiosis

75.

What is the chromosome number in spermatogonia before meiosis?

a)

24 chromosomes aneuploid

b)

23 chromosomes haploid

c)

46 chromosomes diploid

d)

32 chromosomes tetraploid

76.

Following meiosis in males, the immediate daughter cells are called what?

a)

Primary oocytes

b)

Spermatogonia

c)

Spermatids

d)

Zygotes

77.

Which sequence correctly traces male germ cell development?

a)

Primary spermatocytes → spermatogonia → spermatozoa

b)

Spermatozoa → spermatogonia → spermatids

c)

Spermatogonia → spermatids → spermatozoa

d)

Spermatids → spermatogonia → spermatozoa

78.

During spermatogenesis, reduction from 46 to 23 chromosomes occurs at which stage?

a)

Epididymal maturation of sperm

b)

Spermiogenesis sculpting sperm

c)

Meiotic divisions forming spermatids

d)

Mitotic amplification of spermatogonia

79.

Which statement distinguishes spermatids from spermatozoa?

a)

Spermatids are motile cells

b)

Spermatozoa lack an acrosome

c)

Spermatozoa are diploid cells

d)

Spermatids are post-meiotic haploid

80.

A patient presents with whitish vaginal discharge and pruritus. Which pathogen most likely underlies the infection?

a)

Human papillomavirus

b)

Trichomonas vaginalis protozoa

c)

Candida albicans fungus

d)

Escherichia coli bacterium

81.

Infertility is the inability to conceive when desired.

a)

False

b)

True

82.

The number of spermatids formed by one primary spermatocyte is:

a)

four

b)

two

c)

six

d)

eight

83.

Define clinical infertility in terms of time and intercourse conditions.

a)

Failure to conceive after 6 months of protected intercourse

b)

Failure to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse

c)

Failure to conceive after 2 years of protected intercourse

d)

Failure to conceive after 3 months of unprotected intercourse

84.

During spermatogenesis, spermatids possess how many chromosomes?

a)

22 chromosomes each

b)

23 chromosomes each

c)

46 chromosomes each

d)

24 chromosomes each

85.

Which process leads a primary spermatocyte to produce spermatids?

a)

Parthenogenesis

b)

Binary fission

c)

Meiosis followed by cytokinesis

d)

Mitosis only

86.

Select the most accurate description of spermatids before they become sperm cells.

a)

Polyploid cells with extra centrosomes

b)

Motile cells with a full tail

c)

Diploid cells ready to fertilize

d)

Haploid cells lacking mature flagella

87.

If a primary spermatocyte fails meiosis II, what immediate outcome occurs?

a)

Eight haploid sperm cells are formed

b)

Four haploid spermatids are formed

c)

Two diploid spermatids are formed

d)

No spermatids are formed

88.

Which statement best differentiates infertility from subfertility?

a)

Infertility is absolute sterility; subfertility means rare conception

b)

Infertility involves difficulty conceiving; subfertility is effortless conception

c)

Infertility always results in live birth; subfertility does not

d)

Infertility is defined by time criteria; subfertility lacks strict duration

89.

Meiosis in male germ cells reduces chromosome number. What is the reduction pattern?

a)

From 46 to 46 in one division

b)

From 46 to 23 across two divisions

c)

From 23 to 46 across one division

d)

From 92 to 46 across one division

90.

How many functional sperm cells typically arise from four spermatids after maturation?

a)

One functional sperm cell

b)

Two functional sperm cells

c)

Three functional sperm cells

d)

Four functional sperm cells

91.

The bulbourethral glands are also known as:

a)

Cowper glands

b)

Meibomian glands

c)

Bartholin glands

d)

Skene glands

92.

Normal sperm production requires:

a)

a temperature above normal body temperature

b)

a temperature below normal body temperature

c)

no specific temperature

d)

normal body temperature

93.

Which statement best describes the secretion from bulbourethral glands?

a)

An acidic seminal plug

b)

An enzyme-rich ejaculate

c)

A neutral mucous barrier

d)

An alkaline precoital fluid

94.

Which anatomical feature helps maintain the required temperature for spermatogenesis?

a)

Scrotal positioning outside body cavity

b)

Epididymal enzymatic cooling

c)

Prostate’s internal heat regulation

d)

Penile vascular countercurrent

95.

If the testes remain intra‑abdominal postnatally, what is the most likely impact on sperm production?

a)

Impaired due to higher temperature

b)

Enhanced by warmer environment

c)

Unaffected across adulthood

d)

Improved only during puberty

96.

Which female gland is homologous to the male bulbourethral glands?

a)

Bartholin glands in the vestibule

b)

Skene glands near urethra

c)

Greater vestibular sweat glands

d)

Paraurethral Meibomian glands

97.

During sexual arousal, what is a primary function of Cowper glands?

a)

Release testosterone hormone

b)

Neutralize urethral acidity

c)

Increase sperm motility directly

d)

Produce fructose‑rich semen

98.

Which mechanism primarily lowers testicular temperature below core body temperature?

a)

Seminal vesicle contraction

b)

Bulbourethral mucous secretion

c)

Prostatic urethra dilation

d)

Pampiniform plexus heat exchange

99.

Which clinical finding most strongly suggests compromised spermatogenesis due to temperature?

a)

Increased prostatic citrate levels

b)

Hyperplasia of Bartholin glands

c)

Hypertrophy of Cowper glands

d)

Varicocele of the pampiniform plexus

100.

A patient with obstructed bulbourethral ducts is most likely to experience which issue?

a)

Reduced urethral lubrication

b)

Loss of seminal fructose

c)

Decreased testosterone synthesis

d)

Impaired epididymal storage

101.

The outer third of the fallopian tube is where __________ most often occurs.

a)

implantation

b)

fertilization

c)

ovulation

d)

menarche

102.

Allowing the testes to hang in the scrotum primarily maintains a temperature about 3°C __________ than core body temperature.

a)

identical

b)

higher

c)

variable

d)

lower

103.

Which structure is the typical site of implantation after fertilization?

a)

cervix

b)

uterus

c)

vagina

d)

ovary

104.

Ovulation is best described as the __________.

a)

attachment of embryo

b)

ejection of sperm cells

c)

rupture of a mature follicle

d)

fusion of gamete nuclei

105.

Menarche refers to the __________.

a)

time of implantation

b)

end of menstrual function

c)

beginning of menstrual function

d)

time of ovulation

106.

Normal sperm production is compromised at temperatures __________.

a)

equal to core temperature

b)

lower than scrotal temperature

c)

oscillating around fever range

d)

higher than body temperature

107.

Which statement best explains why the scrotum is external to the body cavity?

a)

to reduce hydrostatic pressure

b)

to maintain cooler temperature

c)

to minimize hormonal fluctuations

d)

to prevent urinary mixing

108.

Fertilization typically occurs in which specific region of the reproductive tract?

a)

cervical canal

b)

outer third of uterine tube

c)

uterine fundus

d)

ovarian cortex

109.

The urethra runs through the center of the __________.

a)

epididymis

b)

prostate gland

c)

corpus spongiosum

d)

corpus cavernosum

110.

Choose the most accurate sequence in human reproduction.

a)

menarche → implantation → fertilization

b)

fertilization → ovulation → menarche

c)

implantation → fertilization → ovulation

d)

ovulation → fertilization → implantation

111.

Which gland has the urethra running through its center and serves dual functions for urine and sperm?

a)

Prostate gland central urethral passageway

b)

Cowper gland beneath prostate empties into urethra

c)

Seminal vesicle higher and lateral to bladder

d)

Bulbourethral gland below prostate into urethra

112.

Where are the Cowper (bulbourethral) glands located relative to the prostate?

a)

Within testes near epididymis

b)

Beneath prostate emptying into urethra

c)

Inside prostate surrounding urethra

d)

Above bladder near seminal vesicle

113.

Which statement correctly describes the seminal vesicle in relation to the urethra?

a)

Urethra runs through seminal vesicle center

b)

Seminal vesicle lies higher and lateral to bladder

c)

Seminal vesicle empties directly into urethra

d)

Seminal vesicle located beneath prostate gland

114.

Which structure is NOT part of the vulva?

a)

Mons pubis fatty pad at symphysis pubis

b)

Labia majora large external lips

c)

Perineum between vaginal opening and anus

d)

Clitoris erectile tissue of external genitalia

115.

What is the functional role of the urethra as it passes through the prostate?

a)

Transports semen only during ejaculation

b)

Serves as passageway for urine and sperm

c)

Stores sperm before ejaculation

d)

Carries urine only from bladder

116.

Which pair of glands empties into the urethra but is not traversed by it?

a)

Seminal vesicles lateral to bladder

b)

Epididymis and seminiferous tubules

c)

Prostate central urethral passageway

d)

Cowper and bulbourethral glands

117.

Identify the anatomical location best describing the perineum.

a)

Superior to bladder near urethra

b)

Lateral to labia majora folds

c)

Between vaginal opening and anus

d)

Between mons pubis and clitoris

118.

Which option accurately contrasts prostate and seminal vesicle positions?

a)

Prostate lies higher and lateral to bladder

b)

Seminal vesicle located beneath prostate

c)

Seminal vesicle surrounds urethral center

d)

Prostate encloses urethra centrally

119.

Choose the correct association of clitoris with tissue type.

a)

Cartilaginous support structure

b)

Fibrous connective tissue primarily

c)

Glandular secretory organ

d)

Erectile tissue part of the vulva

120.

Which description of bulbourethral glands is most accurate?

a)

Lie higher and lateral to bladder

b)

Located beneath prostate and empty into urethra

c)

Form central passageway for urine and sperm

d)

Constitute the large external labial folds

121.

Which screening method is specifically used to detect cervical cancer?

a)

Serum CA-125 biomarker assay

b)

Papanicolaou (Pap) cytology test

c)

HPV DNA co-testing protocol

d)

Transvaginal pelvic ultrasound

122.

At what age range does cervical cancer most commonly occur in women?

a)

Between 20 and 30 years

b)

Between 30 and 50 years

c)

Between 50 and 70 years

d)

After 70 years of age

123.

Which statement best characterizes uterine fibroids during reproductive years?

a)

They are rare benign neoplasms

b)

They are infectious granulomatous lesions

c)

They are common benign tumors

d)

They are malignant smooth muscle cancers

124.

Select the term that is synonymous with uterine fibroid.

a)

Adenocarcinoma

b)

Leiomyoma

c)

Endometrioma

d)

Teratoma

125.

Why is routine Pap testing recommended for sexually active women?

a)

To measure serum estrogen fluctuations

b)

To screen for cervical dysplasia and cancer

c)

To diagnose ovarian torsion early

d)

To detect endometrial polyps reliably

126.

Which factor directly increases risk for cervical dysplasia requiring more frequent screening?

a)

Nulliparity without contraception

b)

Persistent high-risk HPV infection

c)

Low dietary calcium intake

d)

Prior appendectomy history

127.

A 35-year-old has heavy menstrual bleeding and a firm, irregularly enlarged uterus. What is the most likely diagnosis?

a)

Endometrial carcinoma

b)

Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas)

c)

Pelvic inflammatory disease

d)

Ovarian cystic neoplasm

128.

Which mechanism explains how Pap cytology reduces cervical cancer mortality?

a)

Eradicates HPV infection prophylactically

b)

Identifies precancerous cytologic changes early

c)

Detects invasive carcinoma only

d)

Quantifies circulating tumor DNA precisely

129.

If fibroids are common in reproductive years, which clinical implication is most reasonable?

a)

Consider anemia from menorrhagia risk

b)

Plan routine CA-125 monitoring

c)

Avoid pelvic exams to prevent growth

d)

Expect frequent postmenopausal onset

130.

Which pair correctly matches term and description for uterine fibroid?

a)

Fibromyoma: benign smooth muscle mass

b)

Teratoma: benign fibrous uterine lesion

c)

Myoma: malignant endometrial tumor

d)

Endometrioma: benign uterine muscle tumor

131.

The structures on the female that are analogous to the male penis and scrotum are:

a)

uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina

b)

clitoris and vulva

c)

ovaries and ova

d)

estrogen and progesterone

132.

Which of the following structures is not classified as internal structures of the female reproductive system?

a)

Ovaries

b)

Uterine tubes

c)

Vagina

133.

Which structure is described as the external genitalia of the female reproductive system?

a)

Vulva

b)

Vagina

c)

Uterus

d)

Ovary

134.

Where are the ovaries located relative to the uterus?

a)

Internal on either side

b)

External below it

c)

External in front

d)

Internal behind it

135.

Which statement best distinguishes uterine tubes from ovaries and vagina in location?

a)

Uterine tubes are internal and attached to the uterus

b)

Uterine tubes are external and below the uterus

c)

Uterine tubes are internal and below the uterus

d)

Uterine tubes are external and attached to the ovaries

136.

Which organ extends downward below the uterus and is internal?

a)

Vagina

b)

Vulva

c)

Cervix

d)

Bladder

137.

Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the male reproductive system?

a)

Gonads

b)

Vas deferens

c)

Epididymis

d)

Penis

138.

In the male, which structures are considered essential organs?

a)

Prostate gland

b)

Vasa deferentia

c)

Epididymides

d)

Gonads or testes

139.

How many epididymides and vasa deferentia are present in the typical male anatomy?

a)

Two epididymides and one vas deferens

b)

One epididymis and one vas deferens

c)

Two epididymides and two vasa deferentia

d)

One epididymis and two vasa deferentia

140.

Which statement correctly classifies the penis within the male reproductive system?

a)

Accessory organ and external genitalia

b)

Essential organ and internal duct

c)

Accessory organ and internal duct

d)

Essential organ and external duct

141.

Which of the following glands is NOT paired in the male reproductive system?

a)

Cowper’s glands

b)

Bulbourethral glands

c)

Seminal glands

d)

Prostate gland

142.

Arrange these structures by location: vulva, vagina, uterus.

a)

External, internal central, internal above

b)

Internal below, internal central, external

c)

Internal central, external, internal below

d)

External, internal below, internal central

143.

Which male accessory gland is a single gland located just below the bladder and described as doughnut-shaped?

a)

Bulbourethral gland

b)

Prostate gland

c)

Seminal vesicle

d)

Cowper’s gland

144.

Decreased sperm production is termed:

a)

Azoospermia

b)

Oligospermia

c)

Cryptorchidism

d)

Hypospadias

145.

The acrosome of the sperm primarily enables the sperm to:

a)

Bind to Sertoli cell receptors

b)

Penetrate the oocyte zona pellucida

c)

Determine the offspring’s sex

d)

Generate ATP for motility

146.

Which glands are paired accessory glands in the male reproductive tract?

a)

Prostate glands

b)

Seminal vesicles

c)

Bulbourethral glands

d)

Both B and C

147.

Which condition most directly leads to male infertility by reducing sperm count rather than blocking sperm transport?

a)

Epididymal agenesis at birth

b)

Oligospermia with low sperm number

c)

Prostatic hyperplasia obstruction

d)

Varicocele in pampiniform plexus

148.

Which structure secretes enzymes like hyaluronidase that facilitate egg penetration?

a)

Midpiece mitochondria

b)

Acrosome cap

c)

Head nucleus

d)

Tail axoneme

149.

Cowper’s glands are another name for which structures?

a)

Bulbourethral glands

b)

Seminal vesicles

c)

Prostate ducts

d)

Epididymal glands

150.

Which statement correctly contrasts the prostate with the seminal vesicles?

a)

Prostate is paired; vesicles are single

b)

Prostate lies above bladder; vesicles below

c)

Prostate is single; vesicles are paired

d)

Both are single midline glands