WorksheetsRối loạn cân bằng nước và điện giải
Total questions: 15
Worksheet time: 8mins
What percentage of an adult’s body weight is water?
70–80 percent of body weight
50–60 percent of body weight
40–50 percent of body weight
30–40 percent of body weight
Which body compartment contains the largest proportion of total body water?
Interstitial fluid compartment
Plasma compartment
Intracellular fluid compartment
Transcellular fluid compartment
Which electrolyte is the primary cation of the extracellular fluid?
Magnesium is the main extracellular cation
Sodium is the main extracellular cation
Calcium is the main extracellular cation
Potassium is the main extracellular cation
Which electrolyte is the principal cation of the intracellular fluid?
Sodium is predominant inside cells
Potassium is predominant inside cells
Chloride is predominant inside cells
Calcium is predominant inside cells
By which mechanism does water move between body compartments most prominently?
Osmosis driven by osmotic gradients
Primary active transport against gradients
Simple diffusion of solutes across membranes
Endocytosis into cellular vesicles
Edema is best defined as which clinical state?
Fluid accumulation within blood vessels
Fluid accumulation in natural body cavities
Fluid accumulation inside body cells
Fluid accumulation in the interstitial space
Effusion is best characterized by which condition?
Fluid accumulation in interstitial tissues
Fluid accumulation within adipose tissue
Fluid accumulation in natural serous cavities
Fluid accumulation inside parenchymal cells
Which cause most directly leads to edema from reduced plasma oncotic pressure?
Heart failure causing venous congestion
Obstruction of lymphatic drainage
Systemic arterial hypertension increasing hydrostatic pressure
Hypoalbuminemia reducing colloid osmotic pressure
Isotonic dehydration is characterized by which pattern of loss?
Loss of water and electrolytes proportionally
Loss of electrolytes far exceeding water
Loss of water far exceeding electrolytes
Loss of only electrolytes without water
Hypertonic dehydration is most commonly seen in which scenario?
High fever with profuse sweating
Rapid infusion of hypotonic solutions
Prolonged diarrhea with isotonic losses
Excessive water intake in a short time
Which is a typical clinical sign of dehydration?
Peripheral pitting edema of the ankles
Acute elevation of systemic blood pressure
Dry, cracked skin and mucous membranes
Marked increase in body hair growth
Where is the thirst center primarily located in the brain?
Cerebral cortex (frontal lobe region)
Medulla oblongata in the brainstem
Hypothalamus below the thalamus
Anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)
What is the principal action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the kidney?
Retain water by increasing tubular reabsorption
Increase water filtration through glomeruli
Decrease reabsorption of water in nephron
Increase renal excretion of sodium ions
Diabetes insipidus is primarily associated with a disturbance involving which hormone?
Insulin affecting glucose uptake
Aldosterone affecting sodium balance
ADH affecting water reabsorption
Thyroxine affecting metabolic rate
Which simple measure is most effective to prevent water–electrolyte imbalance in daily life?
Routine use of diuretic medications
Adequate daily water consumption
Prophylactic intravenous fluid therapy
High-salt diet to retain more fluid
