NEW
Font size
WorksheetsCh 5 & Ch 15
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 50mins
Three different filters are incorporated into the detector packet of the optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter. Of what are these filters made?
Aluminum, tin, and copper
Aluminum, tin, and lead
Zinc, copper, and barium
Zinc, copper, and lead
What is the maximum period of time that a thermoluminescent ring dosimeter (TLD) may be worn as a personnel device?
1 hour
1 week
1 month
3 months
What do optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters, thermoluminescent ring dosimeters, and personnel direct ion storage dosimeters have in common?
These devices are all used for area monitoring.
These devices all use the same sensing material to detect ionizing radiation.
These devices are all used for personnel monitoring.
Each of these devices can only be used for personnel monitoring for a maximum of 6 months.
Which of the following instruments is called a cutie pie?
Geiger-Müller survey meter
Ionization chamber-type survey meter
Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter
Proportional counter
Which of the following instruments generally has a check source of a weak, long-lived radioisotope located on one side of its external surface to verify its constancy daily?
Personnel direct ion storage dosimeter
Proportional counter
Geiger-Müller survey meter
Ionization chamber-type survey meter
Which of the following devices contains an aluminum oxide detector?
Personnel direct ion storage dosimeter
Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter
Proportional counter
Thermoluminescent ring dosimeter
When the sensing material contained in the thermoluminescent ring dosimeter is irradiated, which of the following occurs?
The protons in the crystalline lattice structure of the LiF molecule absorb energy and are excited to a higher energy level or bands.
The neutrons in the crystalline lattice structure of the LiF molecule absorb energy and are excited to a higher energy level or bands.
Some of the electrons in the crystalline lattice structure of the LiF molecule absorb energy and are excited to higher energy levels or bands.
The electrons freed from the LiF molecule are trapped at a lower energy level or bands.
Because of the OSL dosimeter’s sensitivity down to as low as 10 µSv for x-ray and gamma ray photons in the energy range 5 keV to 40 MeV, it is an excellent and practical monitoring device for
employees working in high-radiation environments and for non-pregnant workers.
employees working in low-radiation environments and for pregnant workers.
members of the general public not occupationally employed.
pregnant employees working in high-radiation environments.
The effective atomic number (Zeff) of lithium fluoride (LiF) is equal to
5.9
6.4
7.0
8.2
Which of the following are advantages of the personnel direct ion storage dosimeter? 1. Instant access to reports 2. No waiting time for mailing dosimeters 3. Lightweight and durable 4. Can be dropped or scratched with little chance of harm to the device
1, 2, and 3 only
1, 2, and 4 only
2, 3, and 4 only
All of the options
How is the readout for a personnel direct ion storage dosimeter obtained?
By hand processing in specific chemical solutions
By measuring the amount of light emitted from its sensing material
Through a physical connecting device such as a universal serial bus (USB) or via wireless connection
By heating the sensing material in the device to a specific temperature
Which of the following are disadvantages of the TLD ring dosimeter?
Thermoluminescence readings will be lost if not carefully recorded.
The readout process destroys information stored in the TLD ring dosimeter, thus preventing the “read” from serving as a permanent legal record of exposure.
Calibrated dosimeters must be prepared before-hand and read with each group of TLDs as they are processed.
All of the options.
Which component(s) of the Geiger-Müller survey meter alerts the operator to the presence of ionizing radiation?
The shield covering the probe’s sensitivity chamber
An audio amplifier and speaker
The metal that encloses the counter’s gas-filled tube
The meter scale
Which of the following is not a requirement that radiation survey instruments must meet?
They must all be equally sensitive in the detection of all types of ionizing radiation.
They should be able to detect all common types of ionizing radiation.
They should be calibrated annually to ensure accurate operation.
They should interact with ionizing radiation similarly to the method human tissue reacts, permitting dose to be determined more accurately.
Medical physicists use ionization chambers, connected to electrometers to perform the annual standard measurements required by state, federal, and health care accreditation organizations for radiographic and fluoroscopic devices. These annual measurements include 1. x-ray output in Gy or mGy. 2. fluoroscopic radiation entrance rates in mSv/min or R/min. 3. kVp setting accuracy. 4. exposure time exactness. 5. half-value layers, or beam quality.
1, 2, and 3 only
1, 3, and 4 only
2, 3, and 5 only
All of the options
When changing employment, what must a radiation worker convey to his/her new employer?
A list of all fluoroscopic procedures performed daily
A list of all radiographic procedures performed daily
Data pertinent to accumulated permanent equivalent dose to be placed on file
A report of all procedures performed when “on call” after regular hours
The personnel direct ion storage dosimeter provides an instant read-out of dose information when connected to a computer via a connector such as a (an)
universal serial bus (USB).
charge-coupled device.
electrometer.
ionization chamber.
The front of the white paper packet of the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter
may be color coded to facilitate correct usage and placement of the dosimeter on the body of occupationally exposed personnel.
must not have any type of printing on it.
must be radiopaque.
must never be exposed to ionizing radiation.
Three different filters are incorporated into the detector packet of the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter. These filters are respectively made of 1. aluminum. 2. copper. 3. molybdenum. 4. rhenium tungsten. 5. tin.
1, 2, and 3 only
1, 2, and 4 only
1, 2, and 5 only
2, 4, and 5 only
An ionization chamber connected to an electrometer is a device that can measure
electromagnetic force.
tiny electric currents with high precision and accuracy.
potential difference.
voltage in an x-ray machine circuit.
Which of the following personnel monitoring devices can be used to provide an immediate exposure readout for a radiation worker?
Personnel direct ion storage dosimeter
Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter without an in-house reader
Thermoluminescent ring dosimeter
All of the options
Which of the following is a disadvantage of the optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter?
Exposure not determinable on the day of occurrence without an in-house reader
Mechanical shock can cause false high reading
No permanent, legal record of exposure
Not cost-effective for large numbers of personnel
Whenever the letter “M” appears under the current monitoring period or in the cumulative columns of a personnel monitoring report, it signifies that a(an)
mistake has been made in recording the equivalent dose.
equivalent dose higher than the minimum measurable radiation quantity was recorded during that time.
equivalent dose below the minimum measurable radiation quantity was recorded during that time.
maximal equivalent dose has been exceeded during that time.
The optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter is “read out” by using a(an)
densitometer.
ionization chamber.
thermoluminescent analyzer.
laser light at selected frequencies.
Some of the advantages of the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter are 1. can be used for up to 1 year. 2. lightweight, durable, and easy to carry. 3. integrated, self-contained, preloaded packet.
1, and 2 only
1, and 3 only
2, and 3 only
All of the options
Which of the following x-ray procedures increases the radiographer’s risk of exposure to ionizing radiation compared to general diagnostic radiography performed in an x-ray room? 1. Mobile C-arm fluoroscopy 2. Interventional procedures that use high level control fluoroscopy 3. Mobile radiographic examinations
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
All of the options
Occupational exposure of the radiographer can be kept as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) through individual monitoring and other protective measures and the use of protective devices. Therefore, because exposure from radiation-related jobs will not alter the ________, radiation workers may receive a larger equivalent dose than members of the general population.
mean glandular dose
genetically significant dose
bone marrow dose
tissue tolerance dose
Which of the following are radiation-shielding design considerations? 1. The mean energy of the x-rays that will strike the barrier 2. Whether the barrier is of a primary or secondary nature 3. The workload of the unit 4. The use factor of the unit 5. The occupancy factor behind the barrier
1, 2, 3, and 4 only
1, 3, 4, and 5 only
2, 3, 4, and 5 only
All of the options
Whenever scattered radiation decreases, the radiographer’s exposure
decreases.
increases slightly.
increases considerably.
remains the same.
Which of the following adjustments in technical exposure factors decreases the production of scattered radiation during routine radiographic procedures?
Decrease kVp and increase mAs in compensation
Decrease kVp and decrease mAs
Increase kVp and decrease mAs in compensation
Increase kVp and increase mAs
During which of the following x-ray examinations should a radiographer always wear a thyroid shield?
Fluoroscopy and x-ray special procedures
Routine mobile radiographic procedures
General diagnostic radiographic procedures performed in an x-ray room
During all digital radiography procedures and computed radiography procedures performed in an x-ray room
While standing behind the control-booth barrier, a radiographer makes a radiographic exposure. The x-rays scattered from the patient’s body should ________________.
not have enough energy remaining that will reach behind the control-booth barrier.
scatter only once before reaching any area behind the control-booth barrier.
scatter a minimum of 2 times before reaching any area behind the control-booth barrier.
scatter a minimum of 10 times before reaching any area behind the control-booth barrier.
Which of the following is another term for use factor (U)?
Workload factor
Occupancy factor in controlled and uncontrolled areas
Beam direction factor
Protective barrier thickness consideration factor
The annual effective dose limit for individual members of the general population not occupationally exposed is _________ for continuous or frequent exposures from artificial sources other than medical irradiation and natural background and __________ for infrequent annual exposure.
1 mSv; 5 mSv
3 mSv; 7 mSv
5 mSv; 9 mSv
50 mSv; 25 mSv
A protective curtain, or sliding panel, with a minimum of 0.25-mm lead equivalent, should normally be positioned between the fluoroscopist and the patient to intercept which of the following types of radiation?
Primary radiation
Scattered radiation above the tabletop
Exit or image-formation radiation
Direct radiation
If the intensity of the x-ray beam is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source, how does the intensity of the x-ray beam change when the distance from the source of radiation and a measurement point is tripled?
It increases by a factor of 3 at the new distance.
It increases by a factor of 9 at the new distance.
It decreases by a factor of 9 at the new distance.
It decreases by a factor of 3 at the new distance.
For primary radiation, what is the term that represents a portion of beam-on time that the x-ray beam is directed at a primary barrier during the week?
Occupancy factor
Workload factor
Distance factor
Use factor
The maximum weekly permitted equivalent dose for a controlled area must not exceed
1 mSv
100 mSv
20 mSv
2 mSv
When a radiologic technologist declares her pregnancy to her employer, which of the following is appropriate?
The employer terminates her employment until after her child is born.
She is able to continue her employment but is not permitted to perform any radiologic procedures during the remainder of her pregnancy.
The employer requires her to take a leave of absence until after the completion of the first trimester of the pregnancy and then return to her normal duties.
She continues to perform her duties without interruption of employment, provided that she has received radiation safety counseling and follows established radiation safety practices.
Which part(s) of a diagnostic x-ray unit should not be touched while a radiographic exposure is in progress?
Control panel
Exposure switch
Radiographic table
Tube housing, collimator, and high-tension cables
When doors to radiographic and fluoroscopic rooms are closed during radiation exposures, a substantial degree of protection is provided for persons in areas adjacent to the room door. This is because in most facilities room doors have attenuation for diagnostic energy x-ray equivalent to that provided by ______ mm of lead.
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
When the time spent in a higher radiation area is reduced or limited, occupational exposure
is also reduced.
is increased slightly.
remains the same.
is increased considerably.
Compared to general diagnostic radiography performed in an x-ray room, imaging personnel receive the highest occupational exposure during which of the following procedures?
Fluoroscopy
Mobile radiography
X-ray special radiographic procedures
All of the options
If the peak energy of the x-ray beam is 100 kVp, a protective lead apron must be the equivalent to at least which of the following measures?
0.25-mm thickness of lead
0.5-mm thickness of lead
1.0-mm thickness of lead
1.5-mm thickness of lead
For C-arm devices with similar fields of view, the dose rate to personnel located within a meter of the patient is ____________ the dose rate to personnel from ____________.
comparable to; routine fluoroscopy.
far greater than; high-level control fluoroscopy.
significantly less than; routine fluoroscopy.
comparable to; high-level control fluoroscopy.
Scattered radiation to the lens of the eyes of diagnostic imaging personnel can be substantially reduced by the use of protective eyeglasses fitted with optically clear lenses that contain a minimal lead equivalent protection level of
0.001 mm.
0.05 mm.
0.35 mm.
1.50 mm.
Which term is essentially the radiation output weighted time that the unit is actually delivering radiation during the week?
Control designation
Occupancy
Use factor
Workload
To ensure that the lifetime risk of occupationally exposed persons remains acceptable, the lifetime effective dose in mSv should not exceed
the occupationally exposed person’s age in years.
5 times the occupationally exposed person’s age in years.
10 times the occupationally exposed person’s age in years.
20 times the occupationally exposed person’s age in years.
Secondary radiation includes 1. leakage radiation 2. primary radiation 3. scatter radiation
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
All of the options
Who should determine the exact shielding requirements for a particular imaging facility?
Administrator of the facility
Medical physicist
Radiologist
Radiographer
