WorksheetsQuiz: Changes in Energy
Total questions: 23
Worksheet time: 12mins
A scientist performed an experiment during which she measured the energy transferred in each step of her experiment. The total quantity of energy transferred in all of the steps was less than the amount she measured at the beginning. What is the most likely explanation for this result?
Energy was destroyed during certain steps in the experiment.
The steps in the experiment required more energy than was available.
The experiments produced energy that was then used up at a faster rate.
Some energy was transformed into unwanted heat or sound that was not detected.
A hockey player uses her stick to hit a hockey puck. Which statement describes the energy transfer?
Energy is transferred from the stick to the puck.
Energy is transferred from the player to the puck.
Energy is transferred from the puck to the player.
Energy is transferred from the stick to the player.
The picture shows a spring toy moving down steps. What happens to the energy of the toy?
The potential energy of the toy is greatest while the toy is falling.
The kinetic energy of the toy is greatest when the toy is finished falling.
Some kinetic energy of the toy changes to potential energy as the toy falls down the steps.
Some of the potential energy of the toy changes to kinetic energy as the toy falls down the steps.
A cold block of metal is placed in contact with a warm block of metal. Which type of energy will be transferred between the blocks?
thermal energy
chemical energy
electrical energy
mechanical energy
What energy transformation takes place when a hair dryer is used?
Energy from the sun is transformed to chemical energy.
Sound energy is transformed to thermal energy and electrical energy.
Electrical energy is transformed to thermal energy and sound energy.
Electrical energy is transformed to thermal energy, sound energy, and mechanical energy.
Some people use solar water heaters in their homes. A tank is attached on the roof, where the sun warms the water in the tank. Pipes transfer water from the tank to the taps in the home. What energy inputs are needed for this system?
energy to move cold water into the tank
energy from the sun to warm the water in the tank
energy to move cold water into the tank and energy from the sun to warm the water
energy from the sun to warm the water in the tank and energy to move the warm water from the tank to the taps
While on vacation, Carine rides in a hot-air balloon. To make the balloon rise, the pilot turns on a flame to warm the air inside the balloon. How does the air change?
The temperature of the air decreases.
The air particles move closer together.
The motion of the air particles increases.
The air changes to a different state of matter.
Define energy transformation. Describe an example of an energy transformation that happens when a rocket takes off.
A change of energy from one form to another; in a rocket, chemical energy in fuel transforms into thermal energy and kinetic energy of the exhaust gases and rocket motion.
Energy created from nothing; in a rocket, energy is produced without any change of form.
Movement of matter between objects; in a rocket, air moves into the engine without changing energy forms.
Storing energy without changing form; in a rocket, energy remains only as potential energy in the fuel.
The picture shows a student throwing a snowball. Select all forms of energy that are transferred to the snowball as the student throws it.
kinetic energy
thermal energy
chemical energy
electrical energy
Describe the law of conservation of energy and give an example of an energy transformation where energy might appear to be lost.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed but only transformed; for example, when a car brakes, mechanical energy transforms into thermal energy that spreads into the surroundings.
Energy can be destroyed during transformations; for example, when a lamp is turned off, the electrical energy disappears.
Energy is created by machines; for example, a generator makes new energy during use.
Energy never changes form; for example, a falling object keeps only potential energy as it moves.
Which of these is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a material?
heat
temperature
thermal energy
bonding energy
A lizard sits on a hot rock to get warm. What type of thermal energy transfer is occuring?
conduction
convection
radiation
kinetic
What is thermal energy?
the total kinetic energy in an object
the average kinetic energy in an object
the total transfer of kinetic energy between two objects
the average transfer of kinetic energy between two objects
A hot potato at 80 ºC is placed in a bowl of soup at 40 ºC. The surrounding room is at 20 ºC. Which correctly describes the directions of thermal energy transfer?
potato to soup, and soup to room
room to soup, and soup to potato
room to soup, and room to potato
soup to potato, and potato to room
A student wants to raise the temperature of 200 g of water from 25 °C to 50 °C by adding a hot piece of iron metal. Which of these properties of the iron will the student need to know to carry out the experiment?
mass & volume
volume & density
temperature & mass
density & temperature
Throughout the day, Matthew and Mei measured the temperature of lake water as it was warmed by the sun. The table shows their data at four different times. At which time was the thermal energy of the lake water the greatest?
3 PM
5 PM
9 AM
11 AM
A thermos is used to keep liquids, such as soup or water, near a constant temperature for long periods of time. Which statement describes the function of a thermos?
to maximize thermal energy output
to minimize thermal energy transfer
to maximize thermal energy transfer
to minimize the use of environmentally damaging materials
Which of these is a type of potential energy?
sound energy
motion energy
electrical energy
chemical energy
Rodric and Sydney are friends who live only five miles apart. Rodric tells Sydney the forecast in his area for this week, which is consistently 4 °F warmer than it is in Sydney’s area. Based on the picture, which statement describes the reason that the temperature of the city is higher than the rural area?
Sunlight is attracted to taller objects, thus making the city area warmer than the rural area.
There are more people moving around faster there, thus creating more kinetic energy than in the rural area.
Buildings generate more heat than farmhouses, thus making the surrounding area warmer than the rural area.
Asphalt streets absorb more thermal energy than grass does, and water vapor released by grass absorbs thermal energy from the air and results in cooler temperatures.
A swimmer jumps into a pool and does a cannonball, creating a big splash. Which statement explains the energy exchange as the swimmer hits the pool water?
Kinetic energy of the swimmer is transformed into potential energy of the pool water.
Kinetic energy of the swimmer is transferred to the pool water.
Potential energy of the swimmer is transferred to the pool water.
Potential energy of the swimmer is transformed into kinetic energy of the pool water.
Engineers want to make a cooling sheet on which to transfer granola bars when they come out of the oven. They want the cooling sheet to transfer thermal energy from the granola bars. The engineers are studying each material's thermal conductivity, or how easily a material can transfer thermal energy in the form of heat. Thermal conductivity is measured in W/m•K. Based on the information in the table, which material should the engineers use to make the cooling sheets?
copper
bronze
iron
tungsten
The picture shows the mechanism inside of a traditional wind-up music box. When the crank is turned, a gear causes a cylinder to rotate. The cylinder has a series of bumps on its surface that hit a line of pins. The pins bend slightly and then vibrate as they snap back into place.
Which statement describes the energy transformations and transfers that are occurring when a wind-up music box plays?
Electrical energy is generated by the crank as it turns. The pins transform the electrical energy into sound energy.
Sound energy is transferred through the crank to the cylinder and pins. The pins transform the sound energy to electrical energy.
Sound energy is transferred through the crank to the cylinder and pins. The pins transform the sound energy to mechanical energy.
Kinetic energy is transferred through the crank to the cylinder and pins. The pins transform the kinetic energy to sound energy.
Two brothers, Alex and Zayne, are giving their dogs baths in two separate bathtubs. Both bathtubs are filled halfway with water, and their temperatures are measured using the same thermometer. The temperature of each bathtub’s water is 103 °F. Alex’s bathtub holds twice the volume as Zayne’s bathtub. Which bathtub has more thermal energy?
Alex’s bathtub has more thermal energy.
Zayne’s bathtub has more thermal energy.
The bathtubs have the same amount of thermal energy.
The amount of thermal energy would depend on the placement of the thermometer in the bathtub.
