WorksheetsBASELINE TEST- EMS
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 25mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Which number system is most commonly used for memory addressing in microcontrollers
a)
Decimal
b)
Hexadecimal
c)
Octal
d)
BCD
2.
What is the 2’s complement of 00101100
a)
11010100
b)
00101101
c)
11010101
d)
Option 4
3.
Gray code is preferred in position sensors because
a)
It is easier to implement
b)
Only one bit changes at a time
c)
It supports floating-point values
d)
It requires no hardware
4.
A K-map is used in digital design to
a)
Store sensor data
b)
Minimize logic expressions
c)
Convert ADC output
d)
Measure propagation delay
5.
A multiplexer is useful in embedded systems for
a)
Selecting among multiple sensor inputs
b)
Driving stepper motors
c)
Memory storage
d)
Generating interrupts
6.
A decoder is used in microcontroller address decoding to
a)
Generate PWM signals
b)
Enable specific memory or I/O devices
c)
Perform parity checking
d)
Shift data serially
7.
A full adder circuit has
a)
2 inputs, 1 output
b)
3 inputs, 2 outputs
c)
3 inputs, 3 outputs
d)
1 input, 2 outputs
8.
Which logic component converts analog sensor signals into digital signals
a)
Latch
b)
Comparator
c)
Decoder
d)
Multiplexer
9.
In digital circuits, a flip-flop stores
a)
4 bits
b)
1 byte
c)
1 bit
d)
8 bits
10.
The flip-flop most commonly used as a frequency divider is
a)
SR
b)
JK
c)
D
d)
T
11.
A shift register is required in embedded systems mainly for
a)
Serial-to-parallel conversion
b)
Increasing oscillator frequency
c)
Generating interrupts
d)
Address decoding
12.
A MOD-10 counter is most suitable for
a)
Binary counters
b)
BCD displays
c)
Pulse-width modulation
d)
Memory mapping
13.
The output of a combinational circuit depends
a)
Only on current inputs
b)
Only on previous states
c)
On previous and current inputs
d)
Only on clock pulses
14.
The output of a sequential circuit depends on
a)
Current input only
b)
Previous state and current input
c)
Memory size
d)
Clock frequency only
15.
Which digital logic family is most suitable for low-power embedded applications
a)
TTL
b)
CMOS
c)
ECL
d)
RTL
16.
An ADC internally uses which DELD component to perform successive approximation
a)
Counter
b)
Multiplexer
c)
Comparator
d)
Decoder
17.
Tri-state buffers in embedded systems are used for
a)
Producing clock signals
b)
Sharing a data bus
c)
Reducing sensor noise
d)
Increasing voltage levels
18.
Which code is best suited for seven-segment display interfacing
a)
Gray Code
b)
Excess-3 Code
c)
BCD
d)
ASCII
19.
Synchronous counters are preferred over asynchronous counters because
a)
They are cheaper
b)
All flip-flops are clocked simultaneously
c)
They consume more power
d)
They require fewer gates
20.
Propagation delay in digital circuits is important because
a)
It helps select the correct microcontroller clock frequency
b)
It increases ADC resolution
c)
It improves stepper motor control
d)
It reduces memory access time
21.
What is the primary function of an operating system
a)
To execute user applications
b)
To serve as an interface between hardware and users
c)
To provide networking capabilities
d)
To compile programming languages
22.
Which scheduling algorithm prioritizes processes with the shortest expected processing time
a)
Round Robin
b)
First Come First Served (FCFS)
c)
Shortest Job First (SJF)
d)
Priority Scheduling
23.
In the context of memory management, what is fragmentation
a)
The process of dividing memory into fixed-size blocks
b)
Inefficient use of memory due to non-contiguous free spaces
c)
A technique to compress memory
d)
The encryption of memory contents
24.
What is a deadlock in operating systems
a)
A system crash due to hardware failure
b)
A situation where a process is terminated unexpectedly
c)
A state where two or more processes are unable to proceed because each is waiting for resources held by the other
d)
A memory error caused by accessing invalid memory locations
25.
Which of the following is NOT a necessary condition for deadlock to occur
a)
Mutual exclusion
b)
Hold and wait
c)
Preemption
d)
Circular wait
26.
What is the purpose of virtual memory in operating systems
a)
To increase the speed of memory access
b)
To provide an illusion of more RAM than physically available
c)
To prevent unauthorized memory access
d)
To store frequently accessed data
27.
In the context of process synchronization, what is a semaphore
a)
A hardware device for process communication
b)
A variable used to control access to shared resources
c)
A type of process scheduling algorithm
d)
A security mechanism for file systems
28.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a real-time operating system
a)
High throughput
b)
Deterministic behavior
c)
Multi-user support
d)
Graphical user interface
29.
What is the purpose of a page table in virtual memory systems
a)
To track free memory blocks
b)
To map virtual addresses to physical addresses
c)
To store process scheduling information
d)
To manage file system directories
30.
Which file allocation method is most efficient for random access to files
a)
Contiguous allocation
b)
Linked allocation
c)
Indexed allocation
d)
Sequential allocation
31.
What is the primary purpose of an interrupt handler in an operating system
a)
To terminate misbehaving processes
b)
To manage memory allocation
c)
To process and respond to interrupts from hardware or software
d)
To schedule CPU time for processes
32.
In the context of disk scheduling, what does the SCAN algorithm do
a)
Services requests in the order they arrive
b)
Always services the closest request to the current head position
c)
Moves the disk head in one direction, servicing requests until it reaches the end, then reverses direction
d)
Randomly selects the next request to service
33.
What is thrashing in an operating system
a)
A security attack that corrupts system files
b)
A state where the CPU is idle for extended periods
c)
Excessive paging activity leading to severe performance degradation
d)
A method to optimize disk space
34.
Which of the following is NOT a common process state
a)
Running
b)
Ready
c)
Terminated
d)
Compiling
35.
What is the main advantage of a microkernel architecture over a monolithic kernel
a)
Better performance
b)
Easier maintenance and enhanced reliability
c)
Greater compatibility with legacy software
d)
Lower memory requirements
36.
Which synchronization mechanism is used to solve the critical section problem where exactly one process can execute in its critical section at a time
a)
Mutex
b)
Counting semaphore
c)
Signal
d)
Message queue
37.
What is the purpose of the Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB) in virtual memory systems
a)
To translate program code into machine code
b)
To cache recently used page table entries
c)
To store process control blocks
d)
To manage disk space allocation
38.
In the context of file systems, what is journaling
a)
A technique to compress files
b)
A method to track changes before they're committed to the file system
c)
A way to encrypt sensitive files
d)
A process to defragment storage devices
39.
Which of the following best describes copy-on-write (COW)
a)
A technique where multiple processes share memory pages until one needs to modify a page
b)
A method to duplicate files in a file system
c)
A security feature that prevents unauthorized copying of data
d)
A backup strategy for critical system files
40.
What is the purpose of a system call in an operating system
a)
To communicate between two user processes
b)
To provide an interface for applications to request services from the operating system
c)
To detect hardware failures
d)
To optimize program execution
41.
Which logic gate performs the function of the Boolean expression A·B
a)
OR gate
b)
AND gate
c)
NOT gate
d)
XOR gate
42.
What is the binary equivalent of the decimal number 25
a)
11010
b)
11001
c)
10011
d)
10101
43.
How many flip-flops are required to build a 4-bit counter
a)
2
b)
3
c)
4
d)
8
44.
What is the output of an XOR gate when both inputs are 1
a)
0
b)
1
c)
Undefined
d)
Floating
45.
Which of the following is a volatile memory
a)
ROM
b)
EEPROM
c)
RAM
d)
Flash memory
46.
De Morgan's theorem states that (A+B)' equals
a)
A'+B'
b)
A'·B'
c)
A·B'
d)
A'·B
47.
Which flip-flop changes state when the clock input goes from HIGH to LOW
a)
D flip-flop
b)
JK flip-flop
c)
Negative-edge triggered flip-flop
d)
T flip-flop
48.
The Boolean expression for a 2-input OR gate is
a)
A·B
b)
A+B
c)
A⊕B
d)
A'·B'
49.
The Karnaugh map (K-map) is used for
a)
Designing flip-flops
b)
Simplifying Boolean expressions
c)
Converting decimal to binary
d)
Implementing memory circuits
50.
A half adder consists of
a)
Two AND gates and one OR gate
b)
One AND gate and one OR gate
c)
One AND gate and one XOR gate
d)
Two XOR gates and one AND gate
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