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WorksheetsCSI106 chapter 1
Total questions: 144
Worksheet time: 1hrs 23mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
According to the course slides, who proposed the Turing Model?
a)
John von Neumann
b)
Alan Turing
c)
Claude Shannon
d)
Charles Babbage
2.
According to the course slides, in which year was the Turing Model proposed?
a)
1945
b)
1956
c)
1940
d)
1937
3.
In the slides, a Turing machine is defined as a _____.
a)
permanent storage device
b)
network communication device
c)
universal computational device
d)
single-purpose control device
4.
Which statement best matches the 'black box' view of a computer in the slides?
a)
It takes input, processes it, and produces output.
b)
It only stores data and never processes it.
c)
It only outputs results without input.
d)
It processes data but cannot produce output.
5.
Early machines in the slides were designed mainly to:
a)
run any program without modification.
b)
translate languages in real time.
c)
perform a single specific task (e.g., control temperature/fuel).
d)
store massive multimedia files.
6.
Modern computers are described in the slides as:
a)
general-purpose systems that handle many task types.
b)
devices that only perform arithmetic.
c)
single-purpose systems optimized for one job.
d)
machines that cannot be reprogrammed.
7.
A 'programmable data processor' works by:
a)
changing the hardware wiring for every new task.
b)
removing the need for any input data.
c)
adding a program (a set of instructions) to guide processing.
d)
storing only input data, not instructions.
8.
In a programmable system, the output depends on:
a)
only the program.
b)
only the CPU clock speed.
c)
only the input data.
d)
both the program and the input data.
9.
According to the slides, a Universal Turing Machine is a machine that can:
a)
only control input/output devices.
b)
perform any computation given the right program.
c)
only perform arithmetic operations.
d)
store data permanently without power.
10.
According to the slides, the Von Neumann model originated in:
a)
Germany during the 1950s
b)
Japan during the 1960s
c)
the USA during the 1940s
d)
the UK during the 1930s
11.
According to the slides, who developed the Von Neumann model?
a)
Konrad Zuse
b)
John von Neumann
c)
Grace Hopper
d)
Alan Turing
12.
In the slides, John von Neumann is described as a:
a)
German chemist
b)
Hungarian-born mathematician
c)
British physicist
d)
American electrical engineer
13.
Which list matches the Von Neumann subsystems in the slides?
a)
Cache, ROM, HDD, CPU
b)
Registers, Bus, SSD, BIOS
c)
Memory, ALU, Control Unit, Input/Output
d)
CPU, GPU, NIC, PSU
14.
In the Von Neumann model, Memory primarily:
a)
sends control signals to devices.
b)
stores programs and data during processing.
c)
executes arithmetic operations.
d)
converts optical signals to digital.
15.
In the Von Neumann model, the ALU:
a)
manages the input/output devices only.
b)
stores programs permanently.
c)
routes network packets.
d)
performs calculations and logical operations.
16.
In the Von Neumann model, the Control Unit:
a)
is a type of storage device.
b)
replaces the need for registers.
c)
stores results after execution.
d)
manages operations of memory, ALU, and I/O.
17.
In the slides, the Input/Output subsystem:
a)
inputs data/programs and outputs results to the outside world.
b)
only outputs results but never takes input.
c)
stores all data in CPU registers.
d)
only takes input but never outputs.
18.
The 'stored program concept' in the slides means:
a)
a program is stored in memory along with its data.
b)
programs are stored only in switches.
c)
data is stored only in ROM.
d)
programs cannot be stored.
19.
According to the slides, early computers handled programs mainly through:
a)
switches or wiring
b)
cloud downloads
c)
compilers in RAM
d)
SSD firmware
20.
Modern computers in the slides store:
a)
only programs in I/O devices
b)
only results in registers
c)
only data in memory
d)
both program and data in memory
21.
In the slides, a program contains:
a)
no instructions at all
b)
an infinite number of instructions
c)
only one instruction
d)
a finite set of instructions
22.
Which component fetches, decodes, and executes instructions (as described in the slides)?
a)
Input device
b)
Control Unit
c)
Main Memory
d)
ALU
23.
In the instruction cycle, 'fetch' means:
a)
get an instruction from memory
b)
perform an arithmetic operation
c)
store results in ROM
d)
convert input to binary
24.
In the instruction cycle, 'decode' means:
a)
interpret the instruction
b)
copy data to cache
c)
write output to disk
d)
erase DRAM contents
25.
In the instruction cycle, 'execute' means:
a)
refresh SRAM
b)
increase the address space
c)
look up the CPU serial number
d)
carry out the instruction's operation
26.
According to the slides, instructions are typically executed:
a)
only in reverse order
b)
only in parallel
c)
sequentially
d)
randomly
27.
The slides note that even with sequential execution, a program may:
a)
stop using the Control Unit
b)
disable the ALU
c)
delete the entire memory
d)
jump to other instructions
28.
A key advantage of the stored-program approach is that:
a)
hardware must be rebuilt for every task
b)
input data becomes unnecessary
c)
memory no longer needs addresses
d)
changing the program can change what the same hardware does
29.
Which is the BEST summary of the Von Neumann model idea in the slides?
a)
A basic computer model still widely used today
b)
A model that eliminates memory
c)
A model where only I/O matters
d)
A model that forbids programs in memory
30.
According to the slides, the First Generation of computers is:
a)
1959–1965
b)
1945–1956
c)
1975–1985
d)
1965–1975
31.
First-generation computers mainly used:
a)
microprocessors
b)
NAND flash
c)
integrated circuits
d)
vacuum tubes
32.
A common issue of vacuum-tube computers in the slides is that they:
a)
were smaller and cheaper than transistor computers
b)
were battery-powered and cool
c)
stored programs in SSDs
d)
required high power and produced lots of heat
33.
According to the slides, the Second Generation is:
a)
1959–1965
b)
1945–1956
c)
1965–1975
d)
1985–1995
34.
Second-generation computers replaced vacuum tubes with:
a)
transistors
b)
optical disks
c)
microcomputers
d)
integrated circuits
35.
According to the slides, second-generation computers became:
a)
larger and more expensive
b)
dependent on UV light
c)
unable to run programs
d)
smaller, cheaper, and more reliable
36.
High-level languages introduced (as listed in the slides) include:
a)
C and C++
b)
Python and Java
c)
FORTRAN and COBOL
d)
HTML and CSS
37.
According to the slides, the Third Generation is:
a)
1959–1965
b)
1965–1975
c)
1975–1985
d)
1945–1956
38.
Third-generation computers used:
a)
paper tape as CPU
b)
manual wiring only
c)
vacuum tubes
d)
integrated circuits (ICs)
39.
A result of ICs in the slides is:
a)
removed the need for software
b)
increased size and cost
c)
eliminated input devices
d)
reduced size and cost further
40.
The slides note that in the third generation:
a)
cache replaced RAM
b)
no programs were stored
c)
software packages appeared (e.g., accounting programs)
d)
only machine code existed
41.
According to the slides, the Fourth Generation is:
a)
1965–1975
b)
1985–1995
c)
1975–1985
d)
1959–1965
42.
The fourth generation in the slides is marked by the introduction of:
a)
optical ROM only
b)
vacuum tubes
c)
microcomputers
d)
isolated I/O only
43.
According to the slides, Altair 8800 is an example from (year):
a)
1957
b)
1985
c)
1975
d)
1965
44.
The slides state that in the fourth generation:
a)
entire subsystems could fit on a single circuit board
b)
ALUs were removed
c)
computers could not store programs
d)
only optical storage existed
45.
According to the slides, the Fifth Generation refers to:
a)
the present and beyond
b)
1959–1965
c)
1965–1975
d)
1945–1956
46.
The Fifth Generation is based on:
a)
magnetic core memory
b)
vacuum tubes
c)
manual wiring
d)
artificial intelligence (AI)
47.
Which is listed as a current application of the fifth generation?
a)
voice recognition
b)
vacuum tube control
c)
paper tape storage
d)
transistor switching
48.
The goal of fifth-generation machines in the slides is to:
a)
use only isolated I/O
b)
avoid input/output entirely
c)
store only data (no programs)
d)
understand natural language and self-learn
49.
According to the slides, a computer can be divided into how many main subsystems?
a)
five
b)
three
c)
two
d)
four
50.
Which set matches the three main subsystems in the slides?
a)
ALU, Cache, ROM
b)
HDD, SSD, CD-ROM
c)
CPU, Main Memory, Input/Output subsystem
d)
Transistor, IC, Microprocessor
51.
Why must subsystems work together (according to the slides)?
a)
to perform computing tasks
b)
to eliminate addressing
c)
to remove the need for input
d)
to prevent any programs from running
52.
Which choice BEST describes the CPU role in the slides?
a)
stores data permanently without power
b)
is the address space itself
c)
is a type of optical storage
d)
performs operations on data
53.
If a system lacks an Input/Output subsystem, it would mainly struggle to:
a)
define an address space
b)
communicate with the outside world
c)
store instructions in registers
d)
execute logical operations
54.
If a system lacks main memory, it would mainly struggle to:
a)
store instructions/data needed during execution
b)
connect USB devices
c)
generate control signals
d)
perform XOR operations
55.
Which statement best matches the slides’ 'data processor' idea?
a)
A system only stores data with no processing
b)
A system is only a physical enclosure
c)
A system only outputs with no input
d)
A system transforms input data into output results
56.
According to the slides, the CPU usually consists of:
a)
HDD, SSD, and ROM
b)
Memory, I/O, and Cache
c)
Address bus, Data bus, and Control bus
d)
ALU, Control Unit, and Registers
57.
Which logic operations are listed for the ALU in the slides?
a)
READ, WRITE, FETCH, STORE
b)
ADD, SUB, MUL, DIV
c)
SHIFT, JUMP, CALL, RET
d)
NOT, AND, OR, XOR
58.
The ALU in the slides also handles:
a)
logical and arithmetic shifts
b)
network protocols
c)
memory addressing only
d)
only optical conversions
59.
The slides state the ALU handles arithmetic operations on:
a)
only integers
b)
integers and real numbers
c)
only strings
d)
only real numbers
60.
Registers are best described as:
a)
large non-volatile storage devices
b)
external input devices
c)
optical storage media
d)
fast temporary storage locations inside the CPU
61.
Why are multiple registers used (per the slides)?
a)
to connect I/O devices directly
b)
to store data permanently
c)
to support CPU operations
d)
to replace the ALU
62.
According to the slides, the Control Unit:
a)
is an auxiliary storage device
b)
directs operations of all subsystems
c)
performs all arithmetic directly
d)
stores all programs permanently
63.
The Control Unit sends ______ to coordinate CPU, memory, and I/O (slides).
a)
optical beams
b)
UV pulses
c)
magnetic domains
d)
control signals
64.
Which is the correct order of the instruction cycle in the slides?
a)
Execute → Decode → Fetch
b)
Fetch → Execute → Decode
c)
Fetch → Decode → Execute
d)
Decode → Fetch → Execute
65.
In the slides, a 'jump' instruction implies that:
a)
the ALU stops working
b)
execution may move to a different instruction location
c)
RAM becomes non-volatile
d)
the CPU changes its hardware permanently
66.
Which statement is MOST accurate about registers vs. main memory?
a)
Main memory is inside the ALU.
b)
Main memory has no addresses.
c)
Registers are slower but larger than main memory.
d)
Registers are faster but smaller than main memory.
67.
Which component primarily performs calculations and logical operations?
a)
ALU
b)
Control Unit
c)
Input device
d)
Address bus
68.
Main memory in the slides is described as:
a)
a type of optical disk
b)
a set of bus wires only
c)
a collection of I/O controllers
d)
a collection of storage locations, each identified by an address
69.
Data is transferred in groups of bits called:
a)
buses
b)
words
c)
registers
d)
ports
70.
In the slides, each word is identified by:
a)
a human-readable label
b)
a unique hardware address
c)
a file extension
d)
a network IP address
71.
The total number of unique addresses defines the:
a)
cache size
b)
address space
c)
I/O bandwidth
d)
instruction set
72.
Example (slides): 64 KB memory with 1-byte words has addresses from:
a)
1 to 64,000
b)
0 to 64,000
c)
1 to 65,536
d)
0 to 65,535
73.
According to the slides, 32 MB memory needs how many bits to address each byte?
a)
20 bits
b)
25 bits
c)
24 bits
d)
32 bits
74.
According to the slides, 128 MB memory with 8-byte words needs how many bits to address each word?
a)
27 bits
b)
24 bits
c)
16 bits
d)
25 bits
75.
RAM is described as:
a)
write-once memory
b)
volatile (data is lost when power is off)
c)
non-volatile (data remains without power)
d)
UV-erasable memory
76.
DRAM is characterized by needing:
a)
UV erasing
b)
mechanical spinning parts
c)
constant refreshing
d)
optical reading
77.
SRAM is characterized as:
a)
slower and must be refreshed constantly
b)
write-once memory
c)
faster and does not need refreshing
d)
non-volatile storage
78.
ROM is described as:
a)
a type of cache
b)
volatile (loses data without power)
c)
a bus for addresses
d)
non-volatile (retains data without power)
79.
PROM is described as:
a)
electrically erased and rewritten
b)
erased with UV light
c)
refreshed constantly
d)
written once
80.
EPROM can be erased using:
a)
electric current only
b)
mechanical rewinding
c)
UV light
d)
magnetic fields
81.
EEPROM can be erased and rewritten using:
a)
electrical methods
b)
UV light only
c)
vacuum tubes
d)
optical disks
82.
The slides say users want memory that is fast, large, and cheap, but this is:
a)
only limited by I/O devices
b)
not fully possible at the same time
c)
always easy to achieve
d)
solved by vacuum tubes
83.
The slides propose organizing memory into:
a)
only external storage
b)
hierarchical levels
c)
random wiring grids
d)
only one uniform level
84.
Cache memory is described as:
a)
faster than main memory but slower than CPU registers
b)
non-volatile storage like ROM
c)
the same speed as registers
d)
slower than main memory
85.
Cache memory is typically:
a)
located inside input devices
b)
very large and placed in I/O devices
c)
stored only on optical disks
d)
small and placed between CPU and main memory
86.
In the slides, the I/O subsystem is:
a)
the part that performs arithmetic only
b)
the collection of devices that lets a computer communicate with the outside world
c)
the definition of address space
d)
the set of CPU registers
87.
The slides distinguish non-storage devices as those that:
a)
allow CPU/memory to interact with the outside world but cannot store information
b)
erase memory with UV light
c)
store large amounts of data permanently
d)
refresh DRAM continuously
88.
Storage devices in the slides are defined as those that:
a)
only handle arithmetic operations
b)
are always smaller than cache
c)
store large amounts of data permanently (non-volatile)
d)
cannot retain data when power is off
89.
Which storage type pairing matches the slides?
a)
HDD = magnetic, CD-ROM = optical, SSD = NAND flash
b)
HDD = NAND flash, CD-ROM = CPU register, SSD = optical
c)
HDD = optical, CD-ROM = magnetic, SSD = vacuum tube
d)
HDD = DRAM, CD-ROM = SRAM, SSD = EEPROM
90.
According to the slides, compared to HDDs, SSDs are generally:
a)
more expensive per unit but faster and more durable
b)
UV-erasable
c)
cheaper and slower
d)
mechanical and fragile
91.
The slides say CPU, main memory, and I/O must be interconnected to:
a)
eliminate programs
b)
avoid using addresses
c)
exchange information
d)
remove the need for buses
92.
CPU and memory are connected by three groups of lines called buses. Which list is correct?
a)
Wire bus, Tube bus, IC bus
b)
Input bus, Output bus, Storage bus
c)
Data bus, Address bus, Control bus
d)
ALU bus, Register bus, Cache bus
93.
Which bus transfers addresses (as defined in the slides)?
a)
Control bus
b)
Address bus
c)
Data bus
d)
I/O controller
94.
The slides note I/O devices are often slower than CPU/memory, so they are attached through:
a)
I/O controllers or interfaces
b)
CPU registers
c)
address space reduction
d)
cache lines
95.
According to the slides, the two I/O addressing methods are:
a)
Isolated I/O and Memory-mapped I/O
b)
Optical I/O and Magnetic I/O
c)
Direct I/O and Indirect I/O
d)
Serial I/O and Parallel I/O
96.
According to the slides, CISC stands for:
a)
Common Integrated System Chip
b)
Core Instruction Set Controller
c)
Complex Instruction Set Computer
d)
Compact Instruction Set Computer
97.
In the slides, a key idea of CISC is that it:
a)
cannot perform logical operations
b)
uses only a small set of simple instructions
c)
uses a large set of instructions, including complex ones
d)
stores programs only in ROM
98.
According to the slides, RISC stands for:
a)
Random Instruction Sequence Controller
b)
Rapid Instruction Set Computer
c)
Registered Instruction System Cache
d)
Reduced Instruction Set Computer
99.
In the slides, RISC systems typically:
a)
use a small set of simple instructions
b)
avoid combining instructions
c)
eliminate the need for control units
d)
use many complex instructions to reduce combinations
100.
According to the slides, complex tasks in RISC are achieved by:
a)
adding more complex single instructions
b)
removing ALU operations
c)
combining simple instructions
d)
replacing memory with I/O
101.
According to the slides, pipelining improves throughput mainly by:
a)
executing all instructions strictly one-by-one without overlap
b)
adding more main memory chips
c)
overlapping instruction phases
d)
removing the control unit
102.
In a pipelined processor (per the slides), the next instruction can:
a)
start only when the CPU power is turned off and on
b)
start only after data is written to auxiliary storage
c)
only start after all previous instructions complete
d)
start before the previous instruction finishes
103.
Traditional computers (per the slides) typically had:
a)
one control unit but many memories and no ALU
b)
multiple control units, multiple ALUs, and multiple memories
c)
no ALU and no memory unit
d)
one control unit, one ALU, and one memory unit
104.
Modern systems (per the slides) can have:
a)
only one control unit and one ALU by definition
b)
exactly one ALU but unlimited control units
c)
no memory units at all
d)
multiple control units, ALUs, and memories
105.
According to the slides, parallel processing improves throughput:
a)
only by increasing the word size
b)
by eliminating instruction execution
c)
only by decreasing the address space
d)
in a similar way to pipelining
106.
SISD stands for:
a)
Single Instruction, Shared Data
b)
Sequential Instruction, Single Data
c)
Single Instruction, Single Data
d)
Shared Instruction, Single Data
107.
SIMD stands for:
a)
Single Instruction, Main Data
b)
Shared Instruction, Multiple Data
c)
Single Instruction, Multiple Data
d)
Sequential Instruction, Multiple Data
108.
MISD stands for:
a)
Many Instruction, Single Device
b)
Multiple Instruction, Single Data
c)
Multiple Instruction, Shared Data
d)
Main Instruction, Single Data
109.
MIMD stands for:
a)
Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data
b)
Many Instruction, Many Devices
c)
Multiple Instruction, Main Data
d)
Main Instruction, Multiple Data
110.
Which parallel organization matches 'one instruction, many data items' (per the slides)?
a)
SISD
b)
SIMD
c)
MIMD
d)
MISD
111.
The slides say the CPU often uses the same bus for memory and I/O; the difference is in the instruction. Which option BEST illustrates this idea?
a)
The CPU uses the same physical lines, but a memory-load instruction targets memory while an I/O instruction targets an I/O device.
b)
The CPU can access memory without any instruction, but I/O always needs wiring changes.
c)
The CPU can only access I/O by increasing the cache size.
d)
The CPU always uses different physical buses: one for memory and one for I/O.
112.
Which description matches Memory-mapped I/O (as listed in the slides)?
a)
I/O devices share the same address space as memory and are accessed with normal load/store-style instructions.
b)
I/O devices have a completely separate address space accessed only by special I/O instructions.
c)
I/O devices are accessed only through the data bus; the address bus is unused.
d)
I/O devices can only be accessed by UV light and electrical erasing.
113.
Which description matches Isolated I/O (as listed in the slides)?
a)
I/O shares the same address space as memory and uses only load/store.
b)
I/O is stored permanently in ROM and never changes.
c)
I/O uses a separate address space (I/O ports) and is distinguished from memory by the instruction.
d)
I/O controllers are unnecessary because devices run at CPU speed.
114.
According to the slides’ examples, a SCSI controller (Small Computer System Interface) is associated with:
a)
1984 and up to 32 devices
b)
1959 and the introduction of FORTRAN
c)
1975 and the first desktop calculator
d)
1994 and up to 63 devices at 400 Mbps
115.
According to the slides’ examples, a FireWire (IEEE 1394) controller is associated with:
a)
up to 63 devices and about 400 Mbps
b)
up to 32 devices and about 40 Mbps
c)
up to 32 devices and about 400 Mbps
d)
up to 63 devices and about 40 Mbps
116.
Which option is NOT one of the I/O controller examples explicitly listed on the slides?
a)
USB controller
b)
FireWire (IEEE 1394) controller
c)
SATA controller
d)
SCSI controller
117.
Which bus (as defined in the slides) transfers control signals?
a)
Cache bus
b)
Control bus
c)
Data bus
d)
Address bus
118.
A system designer says: 'This set of lines selects a memory location; this set carries the actual bits; this set coordinates read/write and timing.' Which mapping matches the slides?
a)
Address bus → select location; Data bus → carry bits; Control bus → coordinate signals
b)
Control bus → select location; Address bus → carry bits; Data bus → coordinate signals
c)
Address bus → carry bits; Data bus → coordinate signals; Control bus → select location
d)
Data bus → select location; Control bus → carry bits; Address bus → coordinate signals
119.
The slides note many I/O devices operate much slower than CPU/memory. What is the main reason devices are attached through I/O controllers/interfaces?
a)
To erase EPROM with UV light before every transfer
b)
To turn RAM into ROM
c)
To make DRAM stop needing refresh
d)
To manage the speed/protocol mismatch between fast CPU/memory and slower devices
120.
Which choice is a STORAGE device (as defined in the slides)?
a)
Keyboard
b)
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
c)
Mouse
d)
Monitor
121.
Match the storage type to the technology described in the slides. Which option is correct?
a)
HDD = magnetic, CD-ROM = NAND flash, SSD = optical
b)
HDD = optical, CD-ROM = magnetic, SSD = NAND flash
c)
HDD = magnetic, CD-ROM = optical, SSD = NAND flash
d)
HDD = NAND flash, CD-ROM = optical, SSD = magnetic
122.
Which statement is FALSE about SSDs according to the slides?
a)
SSDs are typically faster but more expensive per unit than HDDs.
b)
SSDs require constant refreshing like DRAM.
c)
SSDs keep data without power (non-volatile).
d)
SSDs use NAND flash memory and have no moving parts.
123.
Which option BEST matches the slides’ description of cache memory?
a)
A large memory placed after I/O devices; slower than main memory but faster than HDD
b)
A memory that is slower than both main memory and registers
c)
A non-volatile memory that retains data without power and replaces ROM
d)
A small memory placed between CPU and main memory; faster than main memory but slower than registers
124.
The slides say users want memory that is fast, large, and cheap, but this is not fully possible. What solution do the slides propose?
a)
Organize memory in hierarchical levels
b)
Eliminate main memory and use only registers
c)
Make all memory non-volatile by UV erasing
d)
Use only optical storage for speed
125.
Using the slides’ example: 64 KB memory with 1-byte words has addresses 0 to 65,535. How many address bits are required?
a)
24 bits
b)
8 bits
c)
16 bits
d)
15 bits
126.
According to the slides, 32 MB memory needs 25 bits to address each byte. Which reasoning matches that result?
a)
32 MB = 32 bytes → need 5 bits for unique byte addresses
b)
32 MB = 32 × 2^20 bytes = 2^25 bytes → need 25 bits for unique byte addresses
c)
32 MB = 2^20 bytes → need 20 bits for unique byte addresses
d)
32 MB = 2^32 bytes → need 32 bits for unique byte addresses
127.
According to the slides: 128 MB memory, word size = 8 bytes → 24 bits to address each word. Which step is correct?
a)
128 MB / 8 bytes = 16 MB words = 2^24 words → 24 address bits
b)
128 MB / 8 bytes = 128 words → 7 address bits
c)
128 MB / 8 bytes = 32 MB words = 2^25 words → 25 address bits
d)
128 MB / 8 bytes = 8 MB words = 2^23 words → 23 address bits
128.
Which option correctly distinguishes DRAM and SRAM as described in the slides?
a)
SRAM needs constant refreshing; DRAM is faster and does not need refreshing
b)
DRAM can be erased with UV light; SRAM can be erased electrically
c)
DRAM needs constant refreshing; SRAM is faster and does not need refreshing
d)
Both DRAM and SRAM are non-volatile and keep data without power
129.
A chip must be erased and rewritten electrically. Which memory type matches the slides?
a)
EPROM
b)
DRAM
c)
PROM
d)
EEPROM
130.
Which statement BEST reflects the slides’ 'stored program concept'?
a)
Programs must be stored only in I/O devices, not memory
b)
Programs and data are stored in memory together so the machine can be repurposed by changing the program
c)
Only data is stored in memory; programs are always external
d)
Programs are permanently wired into hardware and cannot be changed
131.
In the slides’ fetch–decode–execute cycle, which step determines what operation an instruction specifies?
a)
Decode
b)
Fetch
c)
Execute
d)
Refresh
132.
The slides say instructions are executed sequentially, though jumps may occur. Which example BEST demonstrates a jump?
a)
The CPU always executes the next instruction in memory order with no exceptions
b)
After a condition is met, execution continues from a different instruction address
c)
The ALU performs a NOT operation
d)
The computer stores data in ROM instead of RAM
133.
Which option matches the slides’ comparison of CISC and RISC most accurately?
a)
CISC uses many (including complex) instructions and can reduce the number of instructions per job; RISC uses fewer simple instructions and builds complex tasks by combining them
b)
Both CISC and RISC store programs only by wiring and switches
c)
CISC eliminates the need for a control unit; RISC eliminates the need for memory
d)
CISC uses only simple instructions; RISC uses only complex instructions
134.
A student claims: 'RISC always makes programming easier because instructions are simpler.' Based on the slides, what is the best response?
a)
The slides note programming can be harder and more time-consuming in RISC compared to CISC.
b)
The slides say CISC and RISC are identical in programming effort.
c)
The slides say RISC eliminates programming entirely.
d)
The slides say only CISC uses simple instructions.
135.
Which explanation BEST matches why pipelining improves throughput in the slides?
a)
Different instruction phases overlap so multiple instructions are in progress at once
b)
All instructions are merged into a single super-instruction
c)
Each instruction is forced to wait until the entire CPU is idle
d)
The system removes the fetch and decode phases
136.
In a pipelined design (slides), 'the next instruction can start before the previous one finishes' means:
a)
the memory stops using addresses
b)
the CPU violates instruction order by executing the next instruction first
c)
while one instruction is executing, another can be decoding or fetching
d)
the CPU runs without a control unit
137.
Which scenario best fits 'parallel processing' as described in the slides?
a)
A system has multiple ALUs and/or control units working on multiple parts of a workload
b)
A system executes only one instruction per second to reduce heat
c)
A system replaces RAM with ROM to avoid volatility
d)
A system has one ALU and one control unit but uses a faster clock
138.
Which statement matches the slides’ contrast between traditional and modern systems for parallel processing?
a)
Traditional: one control unit, one ALU, one memory unit; Modern: multiple control units/ALUs/memories
b)
Traditional: no memory; Modern: only ROM
c)
Traditional: only optical storage; Modern: only magnetic storage
d)
Traditional: multiple ALUs; Modern: one ALU only
139.
The slides say parallel processing improves throughput like pipelining. Which option captures the common idea?
a)
More work is completed only by erasing EPROM with UV light
b)
More work is completed by removing the ALU
c)
More work is completed only by increasing the address bus width
d)
More work is completed per unit time by overlapping or dividing work across resources
140.
A system runs one instruction stream on many data elements at the same time. According to the slides’ taxonomy, this is:
a)
SIMD
b)
MISD
c)
MIMD
d)
SISD
141.
A system runs multiple instruction streams on multiple data sets (e.g., different cores executing different programs). This is:
a)
SIMD
b)
MIMD
c)
MISD
d)
SISD
142.
Which taxonomy label matches 'multiple instructions operating on a single data stream' (as defined in the slides)?
a)
SIMD
b)
MIMD
c)
MISD
d)
SISD
143.
Which label matches a traditional single-processor executing one instruction stream on one data stream?
a)
SISD
b)
MISD
c)
MIMD
d)
SIMD
144.
The slides say the ALU handles logical and arithmetic shifts. Which statement best distinguishes them (conceptually)?
a)
Arithmetic shifts preserve the sign for signed numbers; logical shifts do not
b)
Logical shifts require UV light; arithmetic shifts require electricity
c)
Logical shifts change address space; arithmetic shifts change bus width
d)
Arithmetic shifts are used only in ROM; logical shifts only in DRAM
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