Third-space fluid shifting may cause the client to demonstrate

The client is manifesting severe proteinuria. What clinical manifestation will this client exhibit?

A client is manifesting edema formation on both upper and lower extremities. The following mechanisms may explain its occurrence, EXCEPT

A client experiences a loss of intracellular fluid. The nurse anticipates that the intravenous therapy that will be used to replace this type of loss is

For a client with a nursing diagnosis of excess fluid volume, the nurse is alert to which of the following signs and symptoms?

Signs and symptoms of ECF fluid volume deficit do not include which of the following?

Based on laboratory findings, what result will cause the release of ADH?

Aldosterone secretion in response to fluid loss will result in which one of the following electrolyte imbalances?

Prolonged administration of D5W without conscientious monitoring may predispose the client to develop what complication?

A client with cerebral edema is given Mannitol. You will anticipate that its therapeutic effect is based on the fact that Mannitol's tonicity is

A client is receiving furosemide (Lasix) 40 mg/dl IV. What electrolyte value should be monitored when a client is receiving a loop diuretic?

The client is receiving albumin supplementation. Expected priority nursing responsibilities with this type of medical management include the following, except

An 18-year-old client is admitted for signs and symptoms of hypervolemia, isotonic in nature. The client informed the nurse that she is asthmatic and has been taking a corticosteroid inhaler ever since she was a child. Basing on your knowledge, what sodium imbalance is this client prone to manifest?

A diuretic is administered to the client for fluid volume excess management. Upon the client's serum sodium level is 115 mEq/L. This serum sodium level tells us that the client is

The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of dehydration. The client is receiving intravenous (IV) fluids. Which assessment data would indicate to the nurse that the dehydration remains unresolved?

You noticed that in a client who has severe burns, the fluid is starting to accumulate in the client's abdominal tissues. There is no change in his weight. What do you suspect?

A client has developed hyponatremia as a result of SIADH. Which type of IV fluid would the nurse be most likely to administer initially?

Hypertonic IV fluids may cause cerebral and pulmonary fluid overload due to what specific fluid shifting?

A client, with a sodium level of 178 mEq/L, is ordered to be started on 0.45% NaCl. What is the most IMPORTANT nursing intervention for this client?

The pumping action of the heart generates

When ECF sodium is decreased, the adrenal gland secretes aldosterone to cause the kidneys to

When ECF sodium is elevated, what is released to decrease serum osmolality?

Which of the following findings would the nurse expect to assess in a client with hypotonic fluid volume excess?

The danger of fluid sequestered in the third space and interstitial compartment is that the fluid

Fluids would be likely to leave out of the capillary or blood vessel if

The plasma oncotic pressure does which of the following?

Clients suffering from Fluid Volume Deficit will generally have

The R-A-A-S mechanism in hypovolemia elicits the following effects, except

Aldosterone secretion in response to fluid loss may result in which one of the following potassium imbalances?

The state of hyperkalemia is associated with

The nursing care plan states to observe for hyperkalemia. The nurse should recognize that the greatest risk of hyperkalemia is

The physician orders regular insulin, 10 "u" added to 50 ml. of 50% dextrose to be given intravenously to a client with renal failure. The expected outcome is to

The 50% dextrose administered with insulin in clients with hyperkalemia would help counter what probable complication?

The client manifested signs and symptoms of dysrhythmia secondary to hyperkalemia. Which medication would you anticipate that the physician will order which is specific for this manifestation?

The following are ECG changes in hyperkalemia, except

The nurse reviews a client's electrolyte results and notes a potassium level of 5.5 mEq/L. The nurse understands that a potassium value at this level would be noted with which condition?

The nurse reviews a client's electrolyte results and notes a potassium level of 2.7 mEq/L. Which of the following would the nurse note on the cardiac monitor as a result of this laboratory value?

A client is diagnosed with hypoparathyroidism. The nurse would assess for what electrolyte imbalance as a result?

The nurse is caring for a bedridden client admitted with a serum calcium level of 11 mg/dl. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing action?

A 26-year-old client has been complaining of profuse vomiting for 4 days. ABG analysis points out that the client suffers from metabolic alkalosis. As a prudent nurse, you will also anticipate what particular potassium imbalance the client might suffer from.

A client's serum glucose level increased. This hyperglycemic state predisposes the client to manifest.

Potassium chloride intravenously is prescribed for a client with hypokalemia. The following are the actions the nurse should take to plan for the preparation and administration of the potassium, EXCEPT

An elderly client is ordered to receive 4 bags of PRBC because of anemia. As a nurse, you would anticipate that the physician may order what particular medication after the last blood bag?

For the 1st 72 hours after thyroidectomy, the nurse should assess the client for possible risk of

In clients whose serum calcium level is 12 mg/dL, the following may be administered to the client, EXCEPT

A known hypertensive client is taking an ACE inhibitor. What Potassium imbalance would the client be at risk for developing

A decrease in the aldosterone level, as in Addison's disease, would lead to what potassium imbalance?

The client's serum potassium level is elevated in acute kidney disease, and the nurse administers sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate). This drug acts to:

A client manifests a serum calcium level of 13 mEq/L. What hormone is stimulated to act on this abnormality to maintain balance?

The doctor ordered calcium gluconate to be given slowly through intravenous infusion. This medication has to be diluted with

A client's lab test revealed that her serum calcium is 2.5 mEq/L. Which assessment data does the nurse document when a client diagnosed with hypocalcemia develops a carpopedal spasm after the blood-pressure cuffs inflated?

The client is manifesting circumoral numbness, paresthesia in extremities, and weakness of muscles. The following may be administered to the client, EXCEPT

You are taking care of a client who is in albumin supplementation. As the nurse, you would anticipate what particular calcium imbalance is if this supplementation goes unmonitored.

The client had undergone multiple blood transfusions on the 5th day the client manifested signs and symptoms of tetany. This pathophysiologic change could be caused by

The body of a client whose serum calcium level is decreased will undergo compensation by the increase in the parathyroid hormone release. Based on your knowledge about the mechanism behind such compensatory reaction, you will then anticipate that the client might eventually be suffering from

In a hypercalcemic state, the gland that will be stimulated to normalize serum calcium level will be

A client with renal insufficiency is to undergo electrolyte blood work. As a nurse, you understand that his condition will have an impact on his serum calcium level. What specific calcium imbalance will this client manifest?

Hypoactive bowel sounds and subsequent manifestation of constipation are commonly seen in clients with

Among the etiologies stated, which is not an etiologic factor for hypokalemia?

A patient has the following arterial blood gasses: HCO3 38, pH 7.50, PaCO2 50. Which of the following signs may this patient exhibit as a compensatory mechanism?

Which of the following is NOT a cause of metabolic acidosis?

Respiratory alkalosis can affect other electrolyte levels in the body. Which of the following electrolyte levels can also be affected in this condition?

Which of the following is not a cause of respiratory acidosis?

The nurse is performing assessment in a client with acute kidney injury who is in the oliguric phase. Which among the assessment findings the nurse will not expect to note?

You notice the patient is exhibiting a respiratory rate of 8 and is extremely drowsy. Which of the following conditions is the patient at risk for?

Which of the following would be a potential cause for respiratory acidosis?

Which of the following may occur with respiratory acidosis?

A patient is experiencing respiratory acidosis due to brain trauma. Which of the following lab values correlates with this acid imbalance?

You are caring for a patient with respiratory acidosis. Which of the following results confirms this diagnosis?

Which acid-base imbalance could potentially occur for a patient with an ileostomy?

A client manifesting alkalosis may exhibit signs of an

An individual ingests high amounts of fatty food. This predispose this person to manifests signs and symptoms of

An individual has figured in an accident and has lost massive amounts of blood. The physician ordered 4 bags of fresh whole blood to be administered to this client in series. What possible imbalance will this client be at risk for?

When analyzing an arterial blood gas report of a client with COPD and respiratory acidosis, the nurse anticipates that compensation will develop through which of the following mechanisms?

A patient has metabolic acidosis due to diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following signs and symptoms would you expect to see in this patient?

In a client 4 minutes post cardiac arrest, the nurse correlates the largest source of excess hydrogen ions with which cause?

The nurse identifies a nursing diagnosis of risk for injury fracture related to alterations in calcium and phosphorus metabolism for a patient with chronic renal disease. The pathologic process directly related to the risk for fractures is

Hemorrhage, myocardial infarction and antihypertensive medications are examples of what specific causes of AKI?

Hypercalcemia has caused the formation of calculi within ureters blocking urine flow to the bladder. This is one of the causes of AKI under one cluster. Among these clusters, where does this condition belong to?

The physician orders regular insulin, 10 “u” added to 50 mL of 50% dextrose to be given intravenously to a client with renal failure. The expected outcome is to

An elderly client is ordered to receive 4 bags of PRBC because of anemia. As a nurse, you would anticipate that the physician may order for what particular medication after the last blood bag?

Adequate amount of carbohydrates should be taken in by a uremic client to

Hyperphosphatemia is one of the clinical manifestations of CKD. What medical intervention would be most appropriate to manage such?

Intrarenal causes include the following, EXCEPT:

In clients with CKI, their kidneys lose the ability to concentrate urine. What lab result should we look into?

Polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) is used in renal failure to

In the assessment of a client diagnosed with CKD, manifestations like circumoral numbness, paresthesia, positive Chvostek’s and Trousseau's signs are prominent. Bearing in mind the pathophysiologic cause of these manifestations, the client may be given?

Ulceration of the gastric mucosa may be manifested by the client with renal injury. How could this be explained?

Bleeding tendencies and anemia may be experienced by clients with AKI or CKD. The pathophysiologic causes of these two, except:

SITUATION: Arnolfo Dimautakan, 48 yrs old, was admitted in the hospital. After the laboratory tests were made he was diagnosed with Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti-diuretic Hormone (SIADH). The nurse recognizes that these signs and symptoms indicate the usual manifestation of SIADH.

SITUATION: Arnolfo Dimautakan, 48 yrs old, was admitted in the hospital. After the laboratory tests were made he was diagnosed with Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti-diuretic Hormone (SIADH). Which assessment finding best supports a nursing diagnosis of Arnolfo Dimautakan as having fluid volume excess?

SITUATION: Arnolfo Dimautakan, 48 yrs old, was admitted in the hospital. After the laboratory tests were made he was diagnosed with Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti-diuretic Hormone (SIADH). What nursing intervention would be the most accurate in evaluating Arnolfo Dimautakan fluid balance?

SITUATION: Arnolfo Dimakulangan becomes restless. Vital signs reveal an elevated blood pressure with tachycardia. The nurse recognizes that these signs and symptoms indicate which of the following complications related to SIADH?

Basing on the knowledge about Arnolfo Dimautakan’s condition, which of the following electrolyte should the nurse watchful for?

What is an allergic reaction that can quickly deteriorate into shock and death?

In the treatment of the progressive stage of shock, the nurse would anticipate the use of:

The nurse is administering heparin, subcutaneous twice daily, for a patient in cardiogenic shock. The expected action of this drug is as:

While caring for an elderly client, notes that the patient has a low serum protein level. She will plan to assess for:

A patient is receiving 3% NaCl solution for correction of hyponatremia. During administration of the solution, the most important assessment for the nurse to monitor is